◄ Joshua 22 ►
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Summary The Altar of Witness This chapter serves as a profound reminder that open communication and understanding can prevent destructive conflicts within a community. It further emphasizes the significance of maintaining clear symbols and practices of faith, as they serve to bind communities together and ensure continuity in worshiping and serving God faithfully. The Farewell and Blessing (Verses 1-6) Joshua commends the Reubenites, Gadites, and half-tribe of Manasseh for their obedience to Moses and himself. He gives them permission to return to their lands, charging them to continue observing God's commandments. He blesses them and sends them off with their share of the spoils from the battles. The Altar and Threat of War (Verses 7-12) Upon reaching Geliloth near the Jordan, these tribes build an imposing altar. The Israelites, upon hearing this, assemble at Shiloh, preparing to go to war against them, suspecting a rebellion against God. The Accusation and Explanation (Verses 13-21) The Israelites send Phinehas and ten family leaders to confront the Reubenites, Gadites, and half-tribe of Manasseh. They accuse them of breaching faith against God. The accused tribes explain that their intention was not rebellion but to serve as a witness for future generations, reminding them of their share in serving the Lord. Reconciliation and Naming the Altar (Verses 22-34) Upon hearing the explanation, Phinehas and the leaders are satisfied. They express relief, knowing that the Lord is still among them as there was no rebellion. They return and report to the Israelites, who are also satisfied and bless God. The Reubenites and Gadites name the altar "Witness", affirming that the Lord is God. This chapter covers the return of the Reubenites, Gadites, and half-tribe of Manasseh to their own lands after faithfully serving their brothers, their construction of an altar that stirs misunderstanding and tension among the Israelites, and the subsequent reconciliation and reaffirmation of unity. Teaching Points Obedience and Fulfillment of Duty The chapter begins with Joshua commending the tribes of Reuben, Gad, and the half-tribe of Manasseh for their obedience and fulfillment of their duty to help their fellow Israelites conquer the Promised Land. Joshua 22:2-3 states, You have done all that Moses the servant of the LORD commanded you, and you have obeyed my voice in all that I commanded you. You have not deserted your brothers these many days to this day, but have kept the charge of the commandment of the LORD your God. The Altar of Witness The tribes build an altar by the Jordan River, which is initially misunderstood by the other Israelites as an act of rebellion against God. Joshua 22:10 says, When they came to Geliloth near the Jordan in the land of Canaan, the Reubenites, Gadites, and the half-tribe of Manasseh built an imposing altar there by the Jordan. Misunderstanding and Conflict Resolution The rest of Israel prepares for war, believing the altar signifies idolatry. However, before acting, they send a delegation to understand the intentions behind the altar. This highlights the importance of seeking understanding before jumping to conclusions. A Testimony of Unity and Faithfulness The altar is explained as a witness between the tribes, ensuring future generations remember their shared faith and unity. Joshua 22:34 concludes, And the Reubenites and Gadites named the altar Witness, 'For they said, 'It is a witness between us that the LORD is God.' Practical Applications Seek Clarity Before Conflict Before reacting to a perceived wrong, seek to understand the intentions and perspectives of others. This can prevent unnecessary conflict and promote peace. Value Unity Among Believers Just as the tribes sought to maintain unity, we should strive for unity within the body of Christ, recognizing our shared faith and purpose. Be a Witness for Future Generations Like the altar served as a witness, our lives and actions should testify to our faith in God, leaving a legacy for those who come after us. People 1. Joshua Joshua is the leader of the Israelites who succeeded Moses. In this chapter, he summons the tribes of Reuben, Gad, and the half-tribe of Manasseh to commend them for their obedience and to send them back to their allotted lands (Joshua 22:1). 2. The Reubenites, the Gadites, and the half-tribe of Manasseh These are the tribes who had settled on the east side of the Jordan River. They are commended by Joshua for their faithfulness and are sent back to their lands with blessings (Joshua 22:1-4). 3. Phinehas son of Eleazar the priest Phinehas is the son of Eleazar and the grandson of Aaron. He is sent by the Israelites to confront the eastern tribes about the altar they built, which was initially perceived as an act of rebellion against God (Joshua 22:13). 4. Eleazar Although not directly involved in the events of this chapter, Eleazar is mentioned as the father of Phinehas. He is the high priest of Israel during this time (Joshua 22:13). 5. The leaders of the Israelite clans These leaders accompany Phinehas to speak with the eastern tribes. They represent the collective concern of the Israelites regarding the altar built by the eastern tribes (Joshua 22:14). In this chapter, the focus is on the interaction between these groups and individuals, particularly concerning the potential misunderstanding about the altar built by the eastern tribes. The Hebrew roots of the names, such as "Phinehas" (פִּינְחָס) meaning "mouth of brass," and "Eleazar" (אֶלְעָזָר) meaning "God has helped," provide additional context to their roles and significance in the narrative. Places 1. Shiloh Shiloh is where the Israelites gathered to discuss the issue of the altar built by the tribes of Reuben, Gad, and the half-tribe of Manasseh. It was a significant religious center for Israel, where the Tabernacle was located. The Hebrew root for Shiloh (שִׁלוֹ) can imply a place of rest or tranquility. 2. Gilead Gilead is the region east of the Jordan River where the tribes of Reuben, Gad, and the half-tribe of Manasseh settled. It is known for its balm and rugged terrain. The name Gilead (גִּלְעָד) is often associated with a "heap of stones" or "witness." 3. Jordan The Jordan River is a significant geographical boundary in the narrative, separating the land of Canaan from the territories east of the river. It is central to the dispute over the altar, as it represents a division between the tribes. The Hebrew root for Jordan (יַרְדֵּן) means "to descend," reflecting the river's flow from the highlands to the Dead Sea. 4. Canaan Canaan refers to the land west of the Jordan River, where the majority of the Israelite tribes settled. It is the Promised Land given to the descendants of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. The name Canaan (כְּנַעַן) is thought to mean "lowland" or "humble." 5. Geliloth Geliloth is mentioned as a location near the Jordan River where the altar was built. The name Geliloth (גְּלִילוֹת) can be related to "circles" or "regions," indicating a boundary or district. Events 1. Joshua Commends the Eastern Tribes Joshua calls the Reubenites, Gadites, and the half-tribe of Manasseh, commending them for obeying Moses and himself, and for not abandoning their fellow Israelites. He acknowledges their faithfulness to the commands given by the LORD (Joshua 22:1-3). 2. Joshua Releases the Eastern Tribes Joshua blesses the Eastern tribes and releases them to return to their homes on the east side of the Jordan River, reminding them to continue to obey the commandments and the law given by Moses, to love the LORD, and to serve Him with all their heart and soul (Joshua 22:4-6). 3. The Eastern Tribes Build an Altar Upon returning to the region of the Jordan, the Reubenites, Gadites, and the half-tribe of Manasseh build a large and imposing altar by the Jordan River (Joshua 22:10). 4. Israel Reacts to the Altar The rest of the Israelites hear about the altar and gather at Shiloh to go to war against the Eastern tribes, believing the altar to be an act of rebellion against the LORD (Joshua 22:11-12). 5. Delegation Sent to the Eastern Tribes The Israelites send Phinehas, the son of Eleazar the priest, along with ten chiefs, one from each of the tribes of Israel, to confront the Eastern tribes about the altar (Joshua 22:13-14). 6. Accusation of Rebellion The delegation accuses the Eastern tribes of rebelling against the LORD by building the altar, referencing past transgressions such as the sin of Peor and Achan's sin, which brought trouble upon the entire community (Joshua 22:15-20). 7. Eastern Tribes Explain the Altar The Eastern tribes explain that the altar is not for burnt offerings or sacrifices, but as a witness between them and the other Israelites, to ensure future generations remember that they too worship the LORD (Joshua 22:21-29). 8. Peace Restored Phinehas and the leaders are pleased with the explanation and recognize that the LORD is among them, preventing any rebellion. They return to Canaan and report to the Israelites, who are also pleased and praise God, abandoning plans for war (Joshua 22:30-33). 9. The Altar Named Witness The Eastern tribes name the altar "Witness," signifying that it serves as a testimony between them that the LORD is God (Joshua 22:34). Connections to Additional Scriptures Matthew 5:9 Blessed are the peacemakers, for they will be called sons of God. This verse underscores the importance of seeking peace and understanding, as demonstrated by the Israelites' approach to resolving the misunderstanding. Ephesians 4:3 Make every effort to keep the unity of the Spirit through the bond of peace. This passage encourages believers to prioritize unity, echoing the themes in Joshua 22. Proverbs 18:13 He who answers before he hears—this is folly and disgrace to him. This proverb highlights the wisdom of seeking understanding before making judgments. Prayer Points Pray for wisdom and discernment to seek understanding and clarity in our relationships and interactions. Ask God to help us be peacemakers and maintain unity within the body of Christ. Pray for the strength to live as witnesses of our faith, leaving a legacy of faithfulness for future generations. Seek God's guidance in resolving conflicts and misunderstandings in a manner that honors Him. Bible Study Questions 1. What can we learn from the obedience of the Reubenites, Gadites, and the half-tribe of Manasseh? 2. In modern terms, how can we "observe the commandment and the law" as told by Joshua? 3. How does the reaction of the Israelites to the construction of the altar reflect their dedication to God? 4. How can misunderstandings in faith and practices lead to conflicts within a community? 5. Why did the Reubenites, Gadites, and the half-tribe of Manasseh build an altar, and how can we relate this to the ways we ensure continuity of faith in our families? 6. What does the incident of the altar teach us about the importance of communication in resolving conflicts? 7. How does the explanation of the Reubenites, Gadites, and the half-tribe of Manasseh reflect their faithfulness to God? 8. How can you avoid misunderstandings in your religious community? 9. How can we create "altars" or symbols that remind us of our faith in God? 10. How does this chapter challenge you to maintain unity within your community of faith? 11. Reflect on a time when you faced a misunderstanding because of your faith. How did you handle it? 12. What measures can we take to prevent "breach of faith" in our communities? 13. How does Phinehas' response represent wise leadership? 14. How can we apply the principle of understanding and reconciliation in our daily life? 15. How can you encourage others in your community to avoid hasty judgements and seek understanding first? 16. How did this incident strengthen the unity among the tribes of Israel? 17. How can you create a "witness" in your life to remind you and others of God's presence? 18. Why was naming the altar important for the Reubenites, Gadites, and the half-tribe of Manasseh? 19. What can you do today to ensure that your actions are not misinterpreted by others? 20. How can we ensure that our actions today serve as a positive witness for future generations? Topics 1. The Eastern Tribes Return Home Joshua 22:1-6 describes how Joshua summons the Reubenites, Gadites, and the half-tribe of Manasseh to commend them for their obedience and faithfulness in helping the other tribes conquer the Promised Land. He blesses them and sends them back to their own lands east of the Jordan River. The Hebrew root for "bless" (בָּרַךְ, barak) signifies a divine favor and empowerment for prosperity and peace. 2. The Altar of Witness In Joshua 22:10, the Eastern tribes build a large altar by the Jordan River. This act raises concerns among the other Israelites, as it appears to be a potential breach of covenant, suggesting a separate place of worship. The Hebrew word for "altar" (מִזְבֵּחַ, mizbeach) is significant as it denotes a place of sacrifice and worship, central to Israel's covenant relationship with God. 3. The Concern of the Western Tribes Joshua 22:11-12 details the reaction of the Western tribes upon hearing about the altar. They gather at Shiloh to prepare for war, fearing that the altar signifies rebellion against God. This reflects the seriousness of maintaining unity and purity in worship, as commanded in the Mosaic Law. 4. The Delegation to the Eastern Tribes In Joshua 22:13-20, a delegation led by Phinehas, the son of Eleazar the priest, is sent to confront the Eastern tribes. They remind them of past transgressions, such as the sin of Peor and Achan's sin, emphasizing the communal consequences of individual disobedience. The Hebrew term for "transgression" (מַעַל, ma'al) implies a breach of trust or faithfulness. 5. The Eastern Tribes' Defense Joshua 22:21-29 records the Eastern tribes' defense, explaining that the altar is not for sacrifices but as a witness between them and the other tribes. They assert their loyalty to God, using the Hebrew word for "witness" (עֵד, ed), which underscores the altar's role as a testimony to their shared faith and covenant. 6. Resolution and Reconciliation In Joshua 22:30-34, Phinehas and the leaders accept the explanation, and peace is restored. The altar is named "A Witness Between Us that the LORD is God," affirming unity and shared worship. The Hebrew name given to the altar, "Ed," encapsulates the reconciliation and mutual understanding achieved. Themes 1. Obedience to God's Commandments The chapter begins with Joshua commending the Reubenites, Gadites, and the half-tribe of Manasseh for their obedience to God's commandments. Joshua 22:2 states, "You have done all that Moses the servant of the LORD commanded you, and you have obeyed my voice in all that I commanded you." The Hebrew root for "obeyed" (שָׁמַע, shama) emphasizes listening and acting upon God's word. 2. Unity Among the Tribes of Israel Joshua emphasizes the importance of unity among the tribes, despite their geographical separation. In Joshua 22:4, he says, "And now that the LORD your God has given your brothers rest, as He promised them, return to your homes in the land that Moses the servant of the LORD gave you on the other side of the Jordan." The theme of unity is crucial for maintaining the collective identity and faithfulness of Israel. 3. Faithfulness to the Covenant The tribes are reminded to remain faithful to the covenant with God. Joshua 22:5 instructs, "But be very careful to keep the commandment and the law that Moses the servant of the LORD gave you: to love the LORD your God, to walk in all His ways, to keep His commandments, to hold fast to Him, and to serve Him with all your heart and with all your soul." The Hebrew word for "hold fast" (דָּבַק, dabaq) implies a deep, clinging loyalty to God. 4. Misunderstanding and Conflict Resolution A potential conflict arises when the other tribes hear about an altar built by the Reubenites, Gadites, and the half-tribe of Manasseh. Joshua 22:11-12 describes the initial misunderstanding: "And when the Israelites heard that they had built an altar on the border of Canaan at Geliloth near the Jordan on the Israelite side, the whole assembly of Israel gathered at Shiloh to go to war against them." This theme highlights the importance of communication and seeking understanding before jumping to conclusions. 5. Witness and Testimony The altar built by the eastern tribes is intended as a witness to future generations. In Joshua 22:27, they explain, "But it is to be a witness between us and you and the generations to come, that we will worship the LORD at His sanctuary with our burnt offerings, sacrifices, and peace offerings." The Hebrew word for "witness" (עֵד, ed) signifies a testimony or evidence of their shared faith and commitment to God. 6. Reconciliation and Peace The chapter concludes with reconciliation and peace among the tribes. After the explanation, the Israelites are satisfied, and conflict is averted. Joshua 22:33 states, "The Israelites were pleased with the report, and they blessed God; and they spoke no more about going to war against them to devastate the land where the Reubenites and Gadites lived." This theme underscores the value of peaceful resolution and unity in the community of faith. Bible Hub Chapter Summaries and Bible Study Questions