◄ Genesis 43 ►
Book Study • Verse Study • Study Que
Summary The Return to Egypt with Benjamin This chapter shows that despite the fear and uncertainty we face, it is essential to trust in God's providence. We can seek reconciliation, be honest, and stand for our loved ones, as shown by Judah. Our past actions may catch up with us, but it is never too late to seek forgiveness and mend our ways. Return to Egypt (verses 1-2) The famine intensifies, forcing Jacob's sons to go back to Egypt to purchase more food. Judah’s Pledge (verses 3-10) Judah promises to keep Benjamin safe and convinces Jacob to let Benjamin accompany them. Preparation for the Journey (verses 11-14) Jacob instructs his sons to bring gifts and double the silver to repay what was returned during their first visit. At Joseph’s House (verses 15-34) The brothers meet Joseph again, their fears growing when they're brought to his house. They fear enslavement over the earlier silver mishap, but are reassured by Joseph's steward. A tearful reunion occurs between Joseph and Benjamin, and the brothers dine with Joseph, amazed at Benjamin's larger portion of food. This chapter continues the narrative of Joseph and his brothers, delving into the themes of fear, trust, reconciliation, and divine providence. With the famine persisting, Jacob's sons must return to Egypt to buy food, bringing Benjamin along as per the request of the Egyptian official (unbeknownst to them, their own brother Joseph). The chapter captures the tension, fears, and ultimately, the reconciliation of a family torn apart. Teaching Points The Severity of the Famine Genesis 43:1 highlights the dire situation Jacob's family faces, emphasizing the severity of the famine in the land. This sets the stage for the unfolding drama and the necessity of returning to Egypt. Judah's Leadership and Assurance In verses 3-10, Judah emerges as a leader, taking responsibility and offering assurance to Jacob. He pledges his own life for the safety of Benjamin, demonstrating growth and a sense of accountability. Jacob's Reluctant Consent Jacob's initial reluctance in verse 6 gives way to a reluctant consent in verse 11, showing his struggle between fear and faith. He instructs his sons to take gifts and double the money, hoping to find favor with the Egyptian ruler. Divine Providence at Work Verses 14-15 reveal Jacob's prayer for mercy and his acknowledgment of God's sovereignty, entrusting the situation to God Almighty (El Shaddai). Joseph's Emotional Response Upon seeing Benjamin, Joseph is deeply moved (verses 29-30). His emotional response underscores the familial bonds and the unfolding of God's redemptive plan. The Brothers' Fear and Joseph's Generosity The brothers' fear of being accused of theft (verses 18-22) contrasts with Joseph's generous hospitality (verses 23-34), highlighting themes of fear, grace, and reconciliation. Practical Applications Trust in God's Provision Like Jacob, we may face situations that test our faith. Trusting in God's provision, even when circumstances seem bleak, is crucial. Leadership and Responsibility Judah's willingness to take responsibility for Benjamin teaches us the importance of stepping up and leading with integrity and accountability. Prayer and Surrender Jacob's prayer in verse 14 is a model for us to surrender our fears and uncertainties to God, trusting in His mercy and sovereignty. Reconciliation and Forgiveness Joseph's actions towards his brothers remind us of the power of forgiveness and the importance of reconciliation in our relationships. People 1. Jacob (Israel) The patriarch of the family, also known as Israel. He is the father of the twelve tribes of Israel. In Genesis 43, he is initially reluctant to send his youngest son, Benjamin, to Egypt but eventually agrees due to the severity of the famine. 2. Joseph The son of Jacob who was sold into slavery by his brothers and rose to become the governor of Egypt. In this chapter, he is in a position of power and is testing his brothers' integrity. 3. Judah One of Jacob's sons and a leader among his brothers. He pledges to take personal responsibility for Benjamin's safety, convincing Jacob to allow Benjamin to travel to Egypt. 4. Benjamin The youngest son of Jacob and the only full brother of Joseph. His presence is crucial for the brothers to obtain more grain from Egypt. 5. Simeon Another son of Jacob who was held in Egypt as a guarantee that the brothers would return with Benjamin. His release is part of the brothers' mission in this chapter. 6. The Brothers The collective group of Jacob's sons who travel to Egypt to buy grain. They are central to the narrative as they interact with Joseph, unaware of his true identity. 7. The Steward of Joseph's House An unnamed servant who manages Joseph's household. He plays a role in the brothers' visit by preparing a meal for them and following Joseph's instructions. 8. The Egyptian Servants These are the servants in Joseph's house who assist in serving the meal and attending to the brothers during their visit. In Genesis 43, the interactions between these individuals are pivotal in the unfolding of Joseph's plan to reunite with his family and test his brothers' character. The chapter highlights themes of reconciliation, responsibility, and providence. Places 1. Canaan Canaan is the land where Jacob and his sons reside. It is the region promised to Abraham and his descendants. In Genesis 43, it is the starting point of the journey for Jacob's sons as they go to Egypt to buy grain. The Hebrew root for Canaan is "כְּנַעַן" (Kena'an), which refers to the ancient region located in the Near East. 2. Egypt Egypt is the land where Joseph, one of Jacob's sons, has risen to power as the governor. It is the destination for Jacob's sons as they seek to buy grain during the famine. The Hebrew word for Egypt is "מִצְרַיִם" (Mitzrayim), which is often used in the Old Testament to refer to the nation known for its wealth and power. Events 1. Famine Persists in Canaan The famine continues to be severe in the land of Canaan, prompting Jacob and his sons to seek more food. This situation sets the stage for the events that follow as the family faces the dire need for sustenance. 2. Jacob's Reluctance and Judah's Assurance Jacob initially hesitates to send Benjamin to Egypt, fearing for his safety. Judah steps forward, assuring his father that he will take personal responsibility for Benjamin's safe return, saying, "I myself will be surety for him; you may hold me personally accountable" (Genesis 43:9). 3. The Brothers Return to Egypt with Gifts The brothers prepare to return to Egypt, taking with them gifts for the Egyptian official (Joseph) and double the money to repay what was found in their sacks. This act of bringing gifts is rooted in the Hebrew tradition of appeasement and respect. 4. Joseph's Hospitality Upon their arrival, Joseph instructs his steward to bring the brothers to his house for a meal. This act of hospitality is significant in the ancient Near Eastern context, where sharing a meal symbolizes peace and fellowship. 5. The Brothers' Fear and Explanation The brothers express their fear to Joseph's steward, explaining the situation with the money found in their sacks. They seek to clear any misunderstanding, demonstrating their honesty and integrity. 6. Reunion with Simeon Simeon, who had been held in Egypt, is brought out to join his brothers. This reunion is a moment of relief and joy for the brothers, as they are once again united. 7. Joseph's Emotional Reaction Joseph is deeply moved upon seeing Benjamin, his full brother, and he withdraws to weep privately. This emotional response highlights the strong familial bonds and Joseph's internal struggle. 8. The Banquet Joseph hosts a banquet for his brothers, seating them according to their birth order, which astonishes them. The Hebrew concept of birthright and order is subtly emphasized here. 9. Benjamin's Favor Benjamin receives a portion five times larger than his brothers, indicating Joseph's special affection for him. This act foreshadows the favor and blessing that Benjamin will receive. 10. The Brothers' Departure After the meal, the brothers prepare to return to Canaan, unaware of the test Joseph has planned for them. This sets the stage for the subsequent events in the narrative. Connections to Additional Scriptures Proverbs 3:5-6 Trust in the Lord with all your heart and lean not on your own understanding; in all your ways acknowledge Him, and He will make your paths straight. Romans 8:28 And we know that God works all things together for the good of those who love Him, who are called according to His purpose. Matthew 5:23-24 Therefore if you are offering your gift at the altar and there remember that your brother has something against you, leave your gift there before the altar. First go and be reconciled to your brother; then come and offer your gift. Prayer Points Pray for the faith to trust in God's provision and sovereignty, even in difficult circumstances. Ask for the courage to take responsibility and lead with integrity in our families and communities. Seek God's guidance in surrendering our fears and uncertainties to Him through prayer. Pray for the grace to forgive and seek reconciliation in strained relationships, following the example of Joseph. Bible Study Questions 1. How does Judah demonstrate responsibility and leadership in this chapter? What lessons can we learn from his actions? 2. How can we see God's providence at work in this chapter? 3. Why was Benjamin's portion of food five times larger, and what significance does this hold? 4. What can we learn about cultural differences from the Egyptians' refusal to eat with Hebrews? 5. How does fear influence the decisions and actions of Joseph's brothers in this chapter? 6. If you were in Joseph's position, how would you handle the reunion with your brothers? 7. How would you handle the situation if you were in the place of Jacob's sons, especially regarding the fear of enslavement? 8. What can we learn from Jacob's actions in allowing Benjamin to go to Egypt? 9. How does this chapter demonstrate the importance of forgiveness and reconciliation in resolving family conflicts? 10. How does the story reflect the consequences of past actions? 11. What role does trust play in the dynamics of this chapter? 12. How do the brothers show respect to Joseph, and why is this important? 13. What does this chapter teach us about dealing with fears and misunderstandings? 14. How does Joseph demonstrate compassion and control over his emotions? 15. Why do you think Joseph did not reveal his identity to his brothers at this point? 16. How does this story help us understand the importance of honesty? 17. How can we apply the lesson of divine providence in our lives today? 18. What role does faith play in the brothers' decision to return to Egypt? 19. If you were Judah, how would you convince Jacob to let Benjamin go with you? 20. What do we learn about making amends from the brothers' efforts to return the silver and offer gifts? Topics 1. The Famine Persists The chapter begins with the ongoing severe famine in the land of Canaan, compelling Jacob's family to seek more grain from Egypt. This situation sets the stage for the unfolding events as the family faces the necessity of returning to Egypt. The Hebrew word for famine, "רָעָב" (ra'av), emphasizes the dire circumstances. 2. Judah's Assurance to Jacob Judah steps forward to assure his father, Jacob, that he will take personal responsibility for Benjamin's safety. This is a pivotal moment, as Judah's leadership and willingness to bear the blame forever (Genesis 43:9) highlight his transformation and foreshadow his future role in the lineage of Christ. 3. Jacob's Reluctant Consent Jacob reluctantly agrees to send Benjamin with his brothers to Egypt, instructing them to take gifts and double the money to appease the Egyptian ruler. His prayer for mercy (Genesis 43:14) reflects his dependence on God amidst uncertainty. The Hebrew word "רַחֲמִים" (rachamim) for mercy underscores the depth of his plea. 4. The Brothers Return to Egypt The brothers return to Egypt with Benjamin, and Joseph sees them. He instructs his steward to prepare a meal for them, indicating a shift in the narrative towards reconciliation. The Hebrew term "שָׁלוֹם" (shalom) is used to describe the peace Joseph extends to his brothers. 5. Joseph's Emotional Response Upon seeing Benjamin, Joseph is deeply moved and has to leave the room to weep. This emotional response reveals Joseph's inner conflict and compassion, as he continues to conceal his identity. The Hebrew word "רַחֲמִים" (rachamim) again appears, highlighting Joseph's tender feelings. 6. The Banquet Joseph hosts a banquet for his brothers, seating them according to their birth order, which astonishes them. Benjamin receives a portion five times larger than the others, symbolizing favor and foreshadowing future blessings. The Hebrew word "מִשְׁתֶּה" (mishteh) for banquet signifies a celebratory feast. 7. Testing the Brothers' Integrity Joseph's actions during the meal serve as a test of his brothers' integrity and attitudes towards Benjamin. Their reaction to Benjamin's favored treatment is crucial in assessing their character development since their betrayal of Joseph. Themes 1. Providence and Divine Sovereignty In Genesis 43, the theme of God's providence and sovereignty is evident as the famine continues to affect the land, compelling Jacob's sons to return to Egypt for more grain. This situation underscores the belief that God orchestrates events for His purposes. The Hebrew word for "famine" (רָעָב, ra'av) highlights the severity of the situation, emphasizing the need for divine intervention. 2. Family and Reconciliation The chapter highlights the theme of family dynamics and the potential for reconciliation. Joseph's brothers return to Egypt, bringing Benjamin with them, as Joseph had requested. This sets the stage for eventual reconciliation, reflecting the importance of family unity and forgiveness. The Hebrew root for "brother" (אָח, ach) is central to this theme, emphasizing kinship and familial bonds. 3. Testing and Trust Joseph continues to test his brothers to see if they have changed since selling him into slavery. This theme of testing is crucial as it reveals the brothers' character development and their ability to trust one another and God. The Hebrew word for "test" (נָסָה, nasah) implies a trial or proving, which is evident in Joseph's interactions with his brothers. 4. Provision and Generosity The theme of provision is seen when Joseph, unbeknownst to his brothers, provides them with food and returns their money. This act of generosity foreshadows God's provision for His people. The Hebrew word for "provide" (יָסַף, yasaph) is related to Joseph's name, symbolizing increase and abundance. 5. Fear and Assurance The brothers experience fear when they are brought to Joseph's house, worried about being accused of theft. However, they are reassured by Joseph's steward, who tells them, "Peace to you; do not be afraid" (Genesis 43:23). The Hebrew word for "peace" (שָׁלוֹם, shalom) conveys a sense of completeness and safety, offering assurance amidst their fears. 6. Hospitality and Fellowship Joseph's hospitality towards his brothers, including a meal shared together, highlights the theme of fellowship. This act of sharing a meal is significant in the ancient Near Eastern context, symbolizing acceptance and relationship. The Hebrew word for "eat" (אָכַל, akal) is central to this theme, representing sustenance and communion. 7. Repentance and Redemption The chapter hints at the brothers' repentance and the possibility of redemption. Their willingness to bring Benjamin and their concern for their father's well-being indicate a change of heart. The Hebrew concept of "repentance" (תְּשׁוּבָה, teshuvah) involves turning back or returning, which is a key aspect of their journey towards redemption. Bible Hub Chapter Summaries and Bible Study Questions