◄ 2 Kings 11 ►
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Summary Athaliah and Joash 2 Kings 11 is a testament to divine providence and human courage amidst political conspiracy. It serves as a vivid reminder of how faith and righteousness can overcome corruption and ungodliness. The actions of Jehosheba and Jehoiada remind us that we, too, have a role to play in upholding justice, truth, and the preservation of rightful leadership in our lives and societies. Athaliah's Usurpation (Verses 1-3) When Athaliah learns of her son Ahaziah's death, she decides to seize the throne for herself. She commences a brutal purge of the royal family. However, Jehosheba, the daughter of King Jehoram and sister to Ahaziah, manages to rescue Joash, Ahaziah's son, from the massacre. For six years, Joash is hidden in the temple of the LORD under the guardianship of Jehosheba and her husband, Jehoiada the high priest. Jehoiada's Counter Conspiracy and Joash's Coronation (Verses 4-12) In the seventh year, Jehoiada musters the support of the commanders of units of a hundred, the Carites, and the guards, revealing to them the hidden prince Joash. They swear their allegiance to the young king and pledge to protect him. Jehoiada instructs them on the necessary actions to secure the temple and palace, and to ensure the king's safety. With their aid, Jehoiada brings forth Joash, gives him the testimony, and crowns him as king. The people rejoice, and the news spreads throughout Jerusalem. Overthrow and Execution of Athaliah (Verses 13-16) Upon hearing the noise of the guards and the people rejoicing, Athaliah comes to the temple. Seeing the young king standing by the pillar as per custom and the people celebrating his coronation, she tears her robes and shouts, "Treason! Treason!" Jehoiada, however, commands the captains to seize her and kill her outside the temple grounds, thus putting an end to her reign and restoring the Davidic line. Covenant and the Destruction of Baal Worship (Verses 17-21) After the execution of Athaliah, Jehoiada makes a covenant between the LORD, the king, and the people that they would be the LORD's people. He also makes a covenant between the king and the people. This leads to the destruction of Baal worship in Judah, and the restoration of the worship of the LORD. Finally, Joash is presented to the people, and he takes his place on the royal throne, leading to peace in Jerusalem. 2 Kings 11 portrays a time of political upheaval and bloodshed in the Kingdom of Judah. The chapter chronicles the story of the brave Jehosheba, who defies her mother Athaliah's murderous intent and rescues her infant nephew Joash. It further highlights the steps taken by the High Priest Jehoiada to ensure the rightful heir's protection and eventual coronation, leading to the overthrow and execution of Athaliah. Teaching Points The Threat of Athaliah Athaliah, the mother of Ahaziah, upon seeing her son dead, proceeded to destroy the whole royal family (2 Kings 11:1). Her actions highlight the destructive nature of power when it is not submitted to God. God’s Preservation through Jehosheba Jehosheba, the sister of Ahaziah, courageously saves Joash, hiding him in the temple for six years (2 Kings 11:2-3). This act of bravery underscores the importance of faithfulness and courage in the face of evil. The Role of Jehoiada the Priest Jehoiada plays a crucial role in the protection and eventual crowning of Joash. His leadership and wisdom are evident as he orchestrates the coup against Athaliah (2 Kings 11:4-12). The Covenant Renewal Upon Joash’s coronation, a covenant is made between the LORD, the king, and the people, signifying a return to God’s ways (2 Kings 11:17). This renewal is a pivotal moment of spiritual restoration for Judah. The Downfall of Athaliah Athaliah’s execution (2 Kings 11:16) serves as a stark reminder of the consequences of opposing God’s will and the ultimate triumph of righteousness. Practical Applications Trust in God’s Sovereignty Even in seemingly hopeless situations, God is at work. Trust that He can bring about His purposes despite human opposition. Courage in Action Like Jehosheba, be willing to take bold steps to protect and preserve what is right, even at personal risk. Value of Godly Leadership Seek and support leaders who prioritize God’s covenant and lead with integrity, as Jehoiada did. Commitment to Spiritual Renewal Regularly renew your commitment to God, ensuring that your life aligns with His covenant and purposes. People 1. Athaliah The mother of Ahaziah, who, upon her son's death, sought to destroy all the royal heirs of the house of Judah to secure her power (2 Kings 11:1). Her name in Hebrew, עֲתַלְיָה ('Athalyah), means "afflicted of the Lord." 2. Jehosheba The daughter of King Joram and sister of Ahaziah, who saved Joash from being killed by Athaliah by hiding him and his nurse in a bedroom (2 Kings 11:2). Her name in Hebrew, יְהוֹשֶׁבַע (Yehosheba), means "Yahweh is an oath." 3. Joash (Jehoash) The son of Ahaziah, who was hidden by Jehosheba for six years in the house of the LORD while Athaliah reigned over the land (2 Kings 11:2-3). His name in Hebrew, יוֹאָשׁ (Yo'ash), means "Yahweh has given." 4. Jehoiada The priest who orchestrated the coup against Athaliah and anointed Joash as king (2 Kings 11:4-12). His name in Hebrew, יְהוֹיָדָע (Yehoyada'), means "Yahweh knows." 5. The Captains of Hundreds Military leaders who were summoned by Jehoiada to protect Joash and execute the plan to overthrow Athaliah (2 Kings 11:4). 6. The Carites A group of guards or mercenaries who were part of the protective detail for Joash during the coup (2 Kings 11:4). The term "Carites" is derived from the Hebrew כָּרִי (Kari), possibly indicating a foreign origin. 7. The People of the Land The general populace who supported Jehoiada's plan and rejoiced at the crowning of Joash, leading to the downfall of Athaliah (2 Kings 11:14, 20). 8. Mattan The priest of Baal who was killed during the purge of Baal worship following Joash's coronation (2 Kings 11:18). His name in Hebrew, מַתָּן (Mattan), means "gift." Places 1. Jerusalem Jerusalem is the central location of the events in 2 Kings 11. It is the capital city of Judah and the site of the Temple, where significant religious and political activities occur. In this chapter, it is where Joash is hidden in the Temple and later crowned as king. The Hebrew root for Jerusalem is "יְרוּשָׁלַיִם" (Yerushalayim), which is often associated with peace and completeness. 2. The House of the LORD (Temple) The Temple, referred to as the "House of the LORD," is a critical location in this chapter. It serves as a place of refuge for Joash and the site of his anointing as king. The Temple is a symbol of God's presence and covenant with Israel. The Hebrew term for the Temple is "בֵּית יְהוָה" (Beit Yahweh). 3. The Palace The palace is the royal residence in Jerusalem where Athaliah, the usurping queen, resides. It is contrasted with the Temple as a place of political power and intrigue. The Hebrew word for palace is "בֵּית הַמֶּלֶךְ" (Beit HaMelech), meaning "house of the king." Events 1. Athaliah's Usurpation Athaliah, the mother of Ahaziah, upon seeing her son dead, "arose and destroyed all the royal heirs" (2 Kings 11:1). This act of violence was an attempt to secure her power by eliminating any potential claimants to the throne. 2. Joash's Rescue Jehosheba, the daughter of King Joram and sister of Ahaziah, "took Joash son of Ahaziah and stole him away from among the sons of the king who were being put to death" (2 Kings 11:2). She hid him and his nurse in a bedroom, saving him from Athaliah's massacre. 3. Joash Hidden in the Temple Joash was hidden with his nurse in the house of the LORD for six years while Athaliah reigned over the land (2 Kings 11:3). The Hebrew term for "house of the LORD" (בֵּית יְהוָה, Beit Yahweh) indicates the temple, a place of divine protection. 4. Jehoiada's Covenant In the seventh year, Jehoiada the priest "sent for the commanders of hundreds, the Carites, and the guards" and made a covenant with them (2 Kings 11:4). This covenant was a strategic alliance to restore the rightful king. 5. The Anointing of Joash Jehoiada brought out the king's son, put the crown on him, and "gave him the Testimony" (2 Kings 11:12). They anointed him, and the people clapped their hands and shouted, "Long live the king!" The "Testimony" (הָעֵדוּת, ha'edut) refers to the law or covenant, symbolizing the king's duty to uphold God's law. 6. Athaliah's Downfall Athaliah heard the noise of the guard and the people and went to the house of the LORD. Seeing Joash, she tore her clothes and cried, "Treason! Treason!" (2 Kings 11:14). Jehoiada commanded her to be taken outside the temple and put to death (2 Kings 11:15-16). 7. Renewal of the Covenant Jehoiada made a covenant between the LORD, the king, and the people, that they would be the LORD's people (2 Kings 11:17). This covenant renewal was a reaffirmation of their commitment to God. 8. Destruction of Baal's Temple The people went to the temple of Baal and tore it down, breaking its altars and images into pieces, and they killed Mattan the priest of Baal (2 Kings 11:18). This act was a purging of idolatry from the land. 9. Joash's Enthronement Joash was brought down from the house of the LORD to the king's house and sat on the royal throne (2 Kings 11:19). This marked the official beginning of his reign as king. 10. Peace in the Land The people of the land rejoiced, and the city was quiet because Athaliah had been slain with the sword at the king's house (2 Kings 11:20). The Hebrew word for "quiet" (שָׁקַט, shaqat) implies a sense of peace and stability restored to the kingdom. Connections to Additional Scriptures Psalm 91:1-2 Reflects God’s protection over those who seek refuge in Him, much like Joash was protected in the temple. Proverbs 21:30 There is no wisdom, no understanding, no counsel that can prevail against the LORD, echoing the futility of Athaliah’s plans against God’s will. 2 Chronicles 23 Provides a parallel account of Joash’s preservation and coronation, offering additional insights into the events of 2 Kings 11. Prayer Points Thanksgiving for God’s Sovereignty Praise God for His control over all circumstances and His ability to fulfill His promises. Courage and Wisdom Pray for the courage to stand for righteousness and the wisdom to act according to God’s will. Godly Leadership Ask God to raise up leaders who will guide His people with integrity and faithfulness. Spiritual Renewal Seek God’s help in renewing your commitment to Him and living a life that honors His covenant. May this study of 2 Kings 11 inspire you to trust in God’s providence and to act courageously in faith, knowing that He is always at work to accomplish His divine purposes. Bible Study Questions 1. How does Jehosheba's courage inspire you in the face of your own challenges? 2. Compare Athaliah's and Jehoiada's leadership styles. How can these be related to today's political and social leadership contexts? 3. How does the concept of divine justice manifest in this chapter, particularly in Athaliah's downfall? 4. In what ways does the story of Joash's survival reflect the preservation of the Davidic line and ultimately, the lineage of Jesus Christ? 5. How can we relate the destruction of Baal worship and the restoration of the worship of the LORD to our personal spiritual lives? 6. How does Jehoiada's role in this chapter reflect the importance of religious figures in political matters? How can we see this in today's world? 7. Why was it significant that Joash was hidden in the temple? What symbolism can you draw from this? 8. In your life, how can you emulate Jehoiada's sense of duty and commitment to what is right? 9. What does this chapter teach about the importance of having the right people in power? 10. How does this chapter show that God is ultimately in control, even when it seems that evil is reigning? 11. How can you apply Jehosheba's and Jehoiada's selflessness in your personal life or community? 12. Discuss the importance of making covenants in today's religious and social contexts, drawing from Jehoiada's covenant with the LORD, the king, and the people. 13. How does Joash's crowning ceremony relate to the concept of 'rightful kingship' in a divine sense? 14. In what ways does this chapter teach us to handle power and authority responsibly? 15. How can this chapter be used as a tool to reflect on political corruption and social justice issues in our present day? 16. Discuss the significance of the phrase "Treason! Treason!" from Athaliah in today's context. 17. How can we ensure the preservation of truth and justice in our societies, akin to Jehoiada's preservation of the Davidic line? 18. What lessons can we learn from the public reaction to Joash's coronation? 19. What are some modern-day 'Baals' in our societies, and how can we work towards their elimination? 20. How does the peace in Jerusalem after Joash's coronation inspire hope for resolution in the midst of our own societal or personal conflicts? Topics 1. Athaliah's Usurpation of the Throne Athaliah, the mother of Ahaziah, seizes control of the throne of Judah after her son's death. She attempts to destroy the entire royal family to secure her position. This act of violence highlights the theme of power struggles and the lengths to which individuals will go to maintain control. The Hebrew term for "destroy" (שָׁמַד, shamad) indicates a complete and utter destruction, emphasizing the severity of her actions. 2. Joash's Preservation Joash, the son of Ahaziah, is saved from Athaliah's massacre by his aunt Jehosheba, who hides him in the temple for six years. This preservation of the Davidic line underscores God's faithfulness to His covenant promises. The Hebrew word for "hid" (סָתַר, satar) conveys the idea of concealment and protection, reflecting divine intervention. 3. Jehoiada's Covenant and Coronation of Joash In the seventh year, Jehoiada the priest orchestrates a coup to overthrow Athaliah and crown Joash as king. He makes a covenant with the commanders, Levites, and all the people, emphasizing the importance of unity and faithfulness to God's law. The Hebrew term for "covenant" (בְּרִית, berit) signifies a solemn agreement, often with divine implications. 4. Athaliah's Execution Athaliah is captured and executed outside the temple grounds, marking the end of her tyrannical rule. This act of justice is seen as a necessary step to restore order and righteousness in Judah. The Hebrew root for "execute" (מוּת, muth) is often used in the context of capital punishment, indicating the seriousness of her crimes. 5. Religious Reforms and Renewal of Worship Following Joash's coronation, Jehoiada leads the people in a renewal of worship and the destruction of Baal's temple and altars. This return to the worship of Yahweh signifies a spiritual reformation and a rejection of idolatry. The Hebrew word for "renew" (חָדַשׁ, chadash) implies restoration and a fresh start, aligning with the theme of revival. 6. Joash's Reign and Legacy Joash begins his reign at the age of seven, under the guidance of Jehoiada. His rule is marked by a commitment to the ways of the Lord, as long as Jehoiada is alive. This highlights the influence of godly mentorship and the importance of righteous leadership. The Hebrew term for "reign" (מָלַךְ, malak) denotes ruling with authority, reflecting Joash's legitimate claim to the throne. Themes 1. Divine Protection and Preservation of the Davidic Line In 2 Kings 11, the theme of divine protection is evident as God preserves the Davidic line through Joash. Despite Athaliah's attempt to destroy all royal heirs, Joash is hidden and protected in the temple for six years (2 Kings 11:2-3). The Hebrew root for "hidden" (סָתַר, satar) emphasizes God's providential care in safeguarding His covenant promises. 2. Righteous Leadership and Reform The chapter highlights the importance of righteous leadership through Jehoiada the priest, who orchestrates the coup to dethrone Athaliah and establish Joash as king (2 Kings 11:4-12). Jehoiada's actions underscore the role of godly leaders in guiding the nation back to covenant faithfulness. 3. Judgment Against Idolatry and Wickedness Athaliah's reign is marked by idolatry and wickedness, and her eventual downfall signifies God's judgment against such practices (2 Kings 11:13-16). The Hebrew term for "destroy" (שָׁמַד, shamad) used in the context of Athaliah's demise reflects the divine retribution against those who lead the people astray. 4. Covenant Renewal and National Restoration After Joash is crowned king, a covenant is renewed between the LORD, the king, and the people, signifying a return to the worship of Yahweh and the restoration of national identity (2 Kings 11:17). The Hebrew word for "covenant" (בְּרִית, berit) emphasizes the solemn agreement to follow God's laws and commands. 5. The Role of the Temple as a Sanctuary and Center of Worship The temple serves as a place of refuge for Joash and becomes the center of political and religious reform (2 Kings 11:3, 18). This underscores the temple's significance in Israelite society as a symbol of God's presence and a focal point for communal worship and covenant renewal. Bible Hub Chapter Summaries and Bible Study Questions