◄ Philippians 1 ►
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Greetings from Paul and Timothy (Colossians 1:1–2; Philemon 1:1–3) 1Paul and Timothy, servants of Christ Jesus, To all the saints in Christ Jesus at Philippi, together with the overseers and deacons: 2Grace and peace to you from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ. Thanksgiving and Prayer (1 Corinthians 1:4–9; Colossians 1:3–14) 3I thank my God every time I remember you. 4In every prayer for all of you, I always pray with joy, 5because of your partnership in the gospel from the first day until now, 6being confident of this, that He who began a good work in you will carry it on to completion until the day of Christ Jesus. 7It is right for me to feel this way about all of you, since I have you in my heart. For in my chains and in my defense and confirmation of the gospel, you are all partners in grace with me. 8God is my witness how I long for all of you with the affection of Christ Jesus. 9And this is my prayer: that your love may abound more and more in knowledge and depth of insight, 10so that you may be able to test and prove what is best and may be pure and blameless for the day of Christ, 11filled with the fruit of righteousness that comes through Jesus Christ, to the glory and praise of God. Paul’s Trials Advance the Gospel (James 1:2–12) 12Now I want you to know, brothers, that my circumstances have actually served to advance the gospel. 13As a result, it has become clear throughout the whole palace guarda and to everyone else that I am in chains for Christ. 14And most of the brothers, confident in the Lord by my chains, now dare more greatly to speak the wordb without fear. 15It is true that some preach Christ out of envy and rivalry, but others out of goodwill. 16The latter do so in love, knowing that I am appointed for the defense of the gospel.c 17The former, however, preach Christ out of selfish ambition, not sincerely, supposing that they can add to the distress of my chains. 18What then is the issue?d Just this: that in every way, whether by false motives or true, Christ is preached. And in this I rejoice. Yes, and I will continue to rejoice, 19because I know that through your prayers and the provision of the Spirit of Jesus Christ, my distress will turn out for my deliverance. 20I eagerly expect and hope that I will in no way be ashamed, but will have complete boldness so that now as always Christ will be exalted in my body, whether by life or by death. To Live Is Christ 21For to me, to live is Christ, and to die is gain. 22But if I go on living in the body, this will mean fruitful labor for me. So what shall I choose? I do not know. 23I am torn between the two. I desire to depart and be with Christ, which is far better indeed. 24But it is more necessary for you that I remain in the body. 25Convinced of this, I know that I will remain and will continue with all of you for your progress and joy in the faith, 26so that through my coming to you again your exultation in Christ Jesus will resound on account of me. Worthy of the Gospel 27Nevertheless, conduct yourselves in a manner worthy of the gospel of Christ. Then, whether I come and see you or only hear about you in my absence, I will know that you stand firm in one spirit, contending together as onee for the faith of the gospel, 28without being frightened in any way by those who oppose you. This is a clear sign of their destruction but of your salvation, and it is from God. 29For it has been granted to you on behalf of Christ not only to believe in Him, but also to suffer for Him, 30since you are encountering the same struggle you saw I had, and now hear that I still have. Footnotes: 13 a Or all the Praetorium 14 b NE and WH the word of God 16 c BYZ and TR reverse the order of verses 16 and 17. 18 d Literally What then? 27 e Or striving together with one mind Berean Standard Bible (BSB) printed 2016, 2020, 2022, 2025 by Bible Hub and Berean.Bible. Produced in cooperation with Bible Hub, Discovery Bible, unfoldingWord, Bible Aquifer, OpenBible.com, and the Berean Bible Translation Committee. This text of God's Word has been dedicated to the public domain. Free downloads and unlimited usage available. See also the Berean Literal Bible and Berean Interlinear Bible. Bible Hub Philippians 1 Summary To Live Is Christ Verses 1–2 – Greeting and Grace Paul and Timothy greet “all the saints in Christ Jesus who are at Philippi, together with the overseers and deacons.” The opening blessing—“Grace to you and peace from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ”—sets a warm, family tone. Verses 3–8 – Thanksgiving and Affection Paul thanks God every time he remembers the Philippians. He rejoices over their “partnership in the gospel from the first day until now” and is confident that “He who began a good work in you will continue to perfect it” (v. 6). His affection is so deep that he says, “I long for all of you with the affection of Christ Jesus” (v. 8). Verses 9–11 – Prayer for Love and Discernment Paul prays their love “may abound more and more in knowledge and every discernment” so they can approve what is excellent, remain pure and blameless, and be “filled with the fruit of righteousness that comes through Jesus Christ” (vv. 9–11). Verses 12–18 – Chains Advance the Gospel Far from hindering ministry, Paul’s imprisonment has “served to advance the gospel” (v. 12). The palace guard hears about Christ, and believers become bolder. Even those preaching from rivalry draw attention to Jesus, so Paul rejoices. Verses 19–26 – To Live Is Christ, to Die Is Gain Paul expects deliverance “through your prayers and the provision of the Spirit of Jesus Christ” (v. 19). He is torn: “To live is Christ and to die is gain” (v. 21). Remaining means fruitful work for them; departing means being with Christ, “which is far better” (v. 23). Verses 27–30 – Conduct Worthy of the Gospel No matter what happens to him, Paul urges them to “conduct yourselves in a manner worthy of the gospel of Christ” (v. 27), standing firm together, unafraid of opponents. “For to you it has been granted on behalf of Christ not only to believe in Him, but also to suffer for Him” (v. 29). Philippians 1 gives us a glance into the emotional and spiritual state of Paul while he was in prison. It emphasizes his unwavering commitment to Christ, the joy he found in sharing the Gospel, and his enduring hope despite his physical circumstances. This chapter serves as a powerful reminder that in life or death, in freedom or chains, the Gospel of Christ is not hindered but rather advances. Authorship, Date, and Setting • Author: Paul, with Timothy at his side (v. 1). • Date: About AD 60–62, during Paul’s house-arrest in Rome (Acts 28:16, 30–31). • Occasion: A thank-you letter for the church’s financial gift sent through Epaphroditus (4:18), along with pastoral encouragement. Philippi: A Roman Colony • Founded by Philip II of Macedon, later settled with retired Roman soldiers. • Excavations reveal a forum, theater, and Latin inscriptions that match Paul’s mention of Roman citizenship rights (Acts 16:37). • As a Roman colony, Philippi prized honor and loyalty—making Paul’s call to live as citizens of heaven (3:20) striking. Partnership—κοινωνία in Action • v. 5 links their fellowship to tangible support. Compare 2 Corinthians 8–9 where Macedonians excel in generous giving. • Their partnership is both spiritual (intercession) and practical (finances, service), echoing Galatians 6:6: “The one who receives instruction... should share all good things with the one who teaches.” Joy in All Circumstances • The letter uses “joy” or “rejoice” 16 times. • Paul’s chains teach that joy flows from Christ, not comfort (cf. John 16:22). • Acts 16 records Paul’s earlier imprisonment at Philippi, where singing in the night set the tone for this enduring joy. Love That Grows in Knowledge • v. 9 ties love to insight. Love is not blind; it sees clearly and chooses the best. • Compare 1 Corinthians 13:6—love “rejoices with the truth.” • Growing knowledge comes through Scripture (Psalm 119:105) and Spirit-led experience (Romans 5:5). Fruit of Righteousness • v. 11 pictures a harvest. Jesus used similar imagery: “By this My Father is glorified, that you bear much fruit” (John 15:8). • Galatians 5:22-23 lists love, joy, peace, etc.—fruits that overflow from abiding in Christ. Chains That Preach • Roman guards rotated every few hours, giving Paul a steady stream of listeners. • Acts 28:30-31 confirms he welcomed all who came, “proclaiming the kingdom of God.” • His example encourages believers facing opposition today: limitations can become pulpits (2 Timothy 2:9). Life or Death—The Believer’s Win-Win • v. 21 is the heartbeat of Christian hope. • 2 Corinthians 5:8 echoes, “To be absent from the body and to be present with the Lord.” • Paul’s readiness challenges us to hold earthly life loosely and invest in eternal priorities (Matthew 6:20). Citizenship Worthy of the Gospel • v. 27 uses politēuomai—“live as citizens.” • Roman pride met a higher allegiance: heaven (3:20). • Standing “in one spirit” mirrors Ephesians 4:3-6—unity in the Spirit secures a credible witness. Suffering Granted as a Privilege • v. 29 treats suffering not as accident but as gift. • Acts 5:41—apostles rejoiced they were counted worthy to suffer shame for His name. • 1 Peter 4:13 encourages believers to share in Christ’s sufferings and rejoice. Archaeological Notes • A 1st-century inscription from Philippi honors benefactors—parallels the church’s generosity. • Ruins of a riverside prayer place match Acts 16:13 where Paul met Lydia. • The Egnatian Way, running through Philippi, aided rapid gospel spread across Macedonia. Practical Applications • Cultivate thankfulness: start prayer with gratitude as Paul does. • See obstacles as opportunities: ask how hardship might amplify your witness. • Invest in gospel partnership: time, talent, treasure—participate actively. • Anchor joy in Christ, not changing circumstances. • Live with a “win-win” mindset: fruitful service now, unbroken fellowship with Jesus later. Connections to Additional Scriptures Romans 8:28 Reinforces the idea that God works all things for the good of those who love Him. 1 Corinthians 1:9 Highlights God's faithfulness in calling believers into fellowship with His Son. Ephesians 4:1-3 Encourages believers to live a life worthy of their calling, emphasizing unity and peace. 2 Timothy 1:8-9 Calls believers to not be ashamed of the testimony of the Lord, even in suffering. Teaching Points Joy in Partnership Paul expresses gratitude for the Philippians' partnership in the gospel, highlighting the importance of community in advancing God's work (Philippians 1:3-5). Confidence in God's Work Paul assures the Philippians that He who began a good work in you will continue to perfect it until the day of Christ Jesus (Philippians 1:6). This emphasizes God's faithfulness in completing His work in believers. The Power of Prayer Paul prays for the Philippians' love to abound more and more in knowledge and depth of insight, so they may discern what is best (Philippians 1:9-10). Advancing the Gospel through Adversity Paul shares how his imprisonment has actually served to advance the gospel, demonstrating that God can use any situation for His glory (Philippians 1:12-14). Living for Christ Paul declares, For to me, to live is Christ and to die is gain (Philippians 1:21), illustrating the ultimate purpose and hope found in Christ. Unity and Conduct Paul urges the Philippians to conduct themselves in a manner worthy of the gospel, standing firm in one spirit and striving together for the faith (Philippians 1:27). Practical Applications Cultivate Community Engage actively in your church or small group, recognizing the importance of partnership in the gospel. Trust in God's Faithfulness Reflect on areas of your life where you need to trust God to complete His work in you. Pray with Purpose Incorporate Paul's prayer for love and discernment into your daily prayer life. Embrace Challenges View difficulties as opportunities for the gospel to advance, trusting that God can use all circumstances for His purposes. Live with Purpose Evaluate your life priorities to ensure they align with the statement to live is Christ. Promote Unity Seek to build unity within your Christian community, focusing on shared faith and purpose. People 1. Paul Paul is the author of the letter to the Philippians. He identifies himself in the opening verse: "Paul and Timothy, servants of Christ Jesus" (Philippians 1:1). Paul is an apostle and a key figure in the early Christian church, known for his missionary journeys and epistles. 2. Timothy Timothy is mentioned alongside Paul in the greeting: "Paul and Timothy, servants of Christ Jesus" (Philippians 1:1). Timothy is a close companion and co-worker of Paul, often accompanying him on his missions and serving as a trusted emissary. 3. Christ Jesus Christ Jesus is central to the message of Philippians. Paul frequently refers to Jesus, emphasizing His role in salvation and as the object of faith and service. For example, Paul writes, "I thank my God every time I remember you. In every prayer for all of you, I always pray with joy, because of your partnership in the gospel from the first day until now, being confident of this, that He who began a good work in you will continue to perfect it until the day of Christ Jesus" (Philippians 1:3-6). 4. God God is referenced throughout the chapter as the one to whom Paul prays and gives thanks. Paul expresses his gratitude to God for the Philippians and their partnership in the gospel: "I thank my God every time I remember you" (Philippians 1:3). 5. The Philippians While not named individually, the recipients of the letter are the members of the church in Philippi. Paul addresses them collectively, expressing his affection and gratitude for their support and partnership in the gospel. Places 1. Philippi Philippi is the primary location referenced in the letter, as it is addressed to the "saints in Christ Jesus at Philippi" (Philippians 1:1). Philippi was a Roman colony in Macedonia, known for its strategic location on the Via Egnatia, a major Roman road. The city held a special place in Paul's heart, as it was the first European city where he established a Christian community during his second missionary journey (Acts 16:12-40). 2. Rome While not explicitly named in Philippians 1, Rome is the implied location of Paul's imprisonment as he writes this letter. The context of his chains and the mention of the "Praetorian Guard" (Philippians 1:13) suggest that Paul is in Rome. The Praetorian Guard was an elite unit of the Imperial Roman army, stationed in Rome, which further supports this inference. Paul's imprisonment in Rome is a significant backdrop for the letter, as it highlights his dedication to the Gospel despite his circumstances. Events 1. Greeting and Thanksgiving (Philippians 1:1-5) Paul and Timothy greet the saints in Philippi, expressing gratitude for their partnership in the gospel. The Greek word for "saints" (ἁγίοις, hagiois) emphasizes their set-apart status in Christ. 2. Confidence in God's Work (Philippians 1:6) Paul expresses confidence that God, who began a good work in the Philippians, will carry it on to completion. The Greek term for "completion" (ἐπιτελέσει, epitelesei) suggests a bringing to full maturity. 3. Affection and Prayer (Philippians 1:7-11) Paul shares his deep affection for the Philippians and prays for their love to abound more and more in knowledge and depth of insight. The Greek word for "knowledge" (ἐπίγνωσις, epignosis) implies a full, experiential understanding. 4. Paul's Imprisonment Advances the Gospel (Philippians 1:12-14) Paul explains that his imprisonment has actually served to advance the gospel, as it has become known throughout the whole palace guard. The Greek word for "advance" (προκοπὴν, prokopen) indicates progress or furtherance. 5. Preaching Christ from Different Motives (Philippians 1:15-18) Paul acknowledges that some preach Christ out of envy and rivalry, while others do so out of goodwill. Despite the motives, he rejoices that Christ is preached. The Greek word for "envy" (φθόνον, phthonon) denotes a sense of jealousy or ill-will. 6. Paul's Deliverance and Hope (Philippians 1:19-20) Paul expresses hope for deliverance through the prayers of the Philippians and the help of the Spirit of Jesus Christ. The Greek term for "deliverance" (σωτηρίαν, soterian) can also mean salvation or rescue. 7. Living for Christ (Philippians 1:21-26) Paul reflects on the meaning of life and death, stating, "For to me, to live is Christ and to die is gain." He expresses a desire to depart and be with Christ but recognizes the need to remain for the sake of the Philippians' progress and joy in the faith. 8. Exhortation to Live Worthy of the Gospel (Philippians 1:27-30) Paul urges the Philippians to conduct themselves in a manner worthy of the gospel of Christ, standing firm in one spirit. The Greek word for "conduct" (πολιτεύεσθε, politeuesthe) relates to living as a citizen, reflecting the Philippians' heavenly citizenship. Lessons from Philippians 1 1. Joy in All Circumstances Philippians 1 teaches us that joy is not dependent on our circumstances but on our relationship with Christ. Paul writes from prison, yet he exudes joy, saying, "I always pray with joy in every prayer for all of you" (Philippians 1:4). This reminds us that true joy comes from knowing Christ and trusting in His plan, regardless of our situation. 2. Partnership in the Gospel Paul emphasizes the importance of community and partnership in spreading the Gospel. He expresses gratitude for the Philippians' partnership, stating, "because of your partnership in the gospel from the first day until now" (Philippians 1:5). This highlights the power of working together in faith to further God's kingdom. 3. Confidence in God's Work We can be confident that God will complete the work He has started in us. Paul assures the Philippians, "being confident of this, that He who began a good work in you will continue to perfect it until the day of Christ Jesus" (Philippians 1:6). This encourages us to trust in God's ongoing work in our lives. 4. Abounding Love and Knowledge Paul prays for the Philippians' love to abound more and more in knowledge and depth of insight. He writes, "And this is my prayer: that your love may abound more and more in knowledge and depth of insight" (Philippians 1:9). This teaches us that love, guided by wisdom and understanding, is essential for living a life that honors God. 5. Living for Christ Paul's declaration, "For to me, to live is Christ and to die is gain" (Philippians 1:21), challenges us to evaluate our priorities. Living for Christ means making Him the center of our lives, finding purpose and fulfillment in serving Him above all else. 6. The Power of Prayer Paul's reliance on prayer is evident as he expresses confidence that through the prayers of the Philippians and the help of the Spirit, he will be delivered. "For I know that through your prayers and the provision of the Spirit of Jesus Christ, my distress will turn out for my deliverance" (Philippians 1:19). This underscores the transformative power of prayer in our lives. 7. Courage in Adversity Paul encourages the Philippians to stand firm in their faith, even in the face of opposition. He writes, "without being frightened in any way by those who oppose you" (Philippians 1:28). This reminds us to be courageous and steadfast, trusting in God's strength during challenging times. 8. Unity in Spirit Unity among believers is a recurring theme in Philippians. Paul urges the church to "stand firm in one spirit, contending as one man for the faith of the gospel" (Philippians 1:27). This calls us to work together in harmony, united by our shared faith and purpose. 9. Suffering for Christ Paul acknowledges that suffering is part of the Christian journey, writing, "For it has been granted to you on behalf of Christ not only to believe in Him, but also to suffer for Him" (Philippians 1:29). This teaches us to view suffering as an opportunity to grow closer to Christ and to witness His strength in our weakness. 10. The Assurance of Salvation Finally, Philippians 1 reassures us of our salvation through Christ. Paul expresses his desire to "depart and be with Christ, which is far better" (Philippians 1:23). This confidence in eternal life with Christ offers us hope and assurance, motivating us to live faithfully in anticipation of our heavenly home. Topics 1. Greeting and Thanksgiving (Philippians 1:1-8) Paul and Timothy address the saints in Philippi, expressing gratitude for their partnership in the gospel. The Greek word for "saints" (ἅγιοι, hagioi) emphasizes their set-apart status for God. Paul thanks God for their fellowship (κοινωνία, koinonia) in the gospel. 2. Prayer for the Philippians (Philippians 1:9-11) Paul prays for their love to abound more and more in knowledge and depth of insight. The Greek term for "knowledge" (ἐπίγνωσις, epignosis) suggests a deep, experiential understanding, while "insight" (αἴσθησις, aisthesis) refers to moral discernment. 3. Paul’s Imprisonment Advances the Gospel (Philippians 1:12-14) Paul explains how his imprisonment has served to advance the gospel, with the Greek word for "advance" (προκοπή, prokope) indicating progress despite obstacles. His chains have emboldened others to speak the word without fear. 4. Preaching Christ from Different Motives (Philippians 1:15-18) Paul acknowledges that some preach Christ out of envy and rivalry, while others do so out of goodwill. Despite differing motives, he rejoices that Christ is preached. The Greek word for "envy" (φθόνος, phthonos) highlights the negative motivations of some preachers. 5. Paul’s Expectation and Hope (Philippians 1:19-21) Paul expresses confidence that through prayers and the help of the Spirit of Jesus Christ, his situation will turn out for his deliverance. The Greek term for "deliverance" (σωτηρία, soteria) can also mean salvation, indicating both physical and spiritual deliverance. 6. Living for Christ (Philippians 1:22-26) Paul is torn between living in the flesh, which means fruitful labor, and departing to be with Christ, which is far better. The Greek word for "depart" (ἀναλύω, analyo) conveys the idea of breaking camp or setting sail, symbolizing leaving this life. 7. Exhortation to Live Worthy of the Gospel (Philippians 1:27-30) Paul urges the Philippians to conduct themselves in a manner worthy of the gospel of Christ. The Greek word for "conduct" (πολιτεύομαι, politeuomai) is related to citizenship, emphasizing living as citizens of heaven. He encourages them to stand firm in one spirit, striving together for the faith of the gospel. Themes 1. Thanksgiving and Prayer (Philippians 1:3-11) Paul begins his letter with gratitude and prayer for the Philippians. He expresses his thankfulness for their partnership in the gospel and prays for their love to abound more and more. The Greek word for "partnership" (κοινωνία, koinonia) emphasizes the deep fellowship and shared mission in spreading the gospel. 2. Advancement of the Gospel (Philippians 1:12-18) Paul discusses how his imprisonment has served to advance the gospel. Despite his chains, the message of Christ is being spread, and others are emboldened to preach. The Greek term for "advance" (προκοπή, prokope) suggests progress or furtherance, indicating that the gospel is moving forward despite obstacles. 3. Living for Christ (Philippians 1:19-26) Paul reflects on his personal situation, expressing confidence that through the prayers of the Philippians and the help of the Spirit of Jesus Christ, he will be delivered. He famously states, "For to me, to live is Christ and to die is gain" (Philippians 1:21), highlighting his dedication to Christ above all else. 4. Conduct Worthy of the Gospel (Philippians 1:27-30) Paul urges the Philippians to conduct themselves in a manner worthy of the gospel of Christ. The Greek word for "conduct" (πολιτεύομαι, politeuomai) relates to citizenship, suggesting that their behavior should reflect their heavenly citizenship. He encourages them to stand firm in one spirit, striving together for the faith of the gospel. Prayer Points Pray for a deeper understanding and appreciation of the partnership in the gospel within your community. Ask God to increase your trust in His faithfulness to complete His work in you. Pray for an abounding love and discernment in your life and the lives of fellow believers. Seek God's strength to view and use challenges as opportunities for gospel advancement. Pray for a heart and life that truly reflect the statement to live is Christ. Ask for unity and a spirit of cooperation within your church and Christian community. Answering Tough Questions 1. How can Paul’s claim that his imprisonment helped spread the message (Philippians 1:12–13) be substantiated by historical evidence outside the Bible? 2. Does Paul’s statement about the “whole imperial guard” (Philippians 1:13) knowing his message suggest a historical exaggeration rather than a literal event? 3. How does promising “completion” of believers’ faith (Philippians 1:6) align with human free will and responsibility? 4. Does Paul’s viewpoint “to live is Christ and to die is gain” (Philippians 1:21) conflict with central Christian doctrines on the value of life and future resurrection? 5. If suffering for Christ is “granted” (Philippians 1:29), how does this harmonize with the belief in a loving and just God? Bible Study Discussion Questions 1. How does Paul's joy amidst his suffering challenge your understanding of joy? 2. How does the idea of “to live is Christ and to die is gain” shape your perception of life and death? 3. Reflect on a time when you faced adversity for the sake of the Gospel. How did you respond, and what did you learn? 4. How can you practically live out the call to live in a manner worthy of the Gospel? 5. In what ways have you experienced the partnership in the Gospel that Paul speaks of in verse 5? 6. How do you reconcile the idea of suffering being a gift (verse 29) with your own experiences of suffering? 7. How can you use your current situation, whether favourable or challenging, to advance the Gospel? 8. What role does prayer play in your personal relationship with God, as suggested in verses 3-4? 9. How does Paul's example inspire you to stand firm in your faith amidst challenges? 10. How would you handle a situation where someone is preaching the Gospel from wrong motives? 11. Paul believed his imprisonment served to advance the Gospel. Can you think of a personal situation that seemed negative but resulted in positive outcomes? 12. How do verses 9-11 shape your understanding of spiritual growth and love? 13. In today's world, what does it mean to conduct ourselves in a manner worthy of the Gospel? 14. What can you learn from Paul’s view of death? 15. How can you apply Paul's prayer for the Philippians' love to "abound more and more in knowledge and depth of insight" in your daily life? 16. How can we promote unity and stand firm in one spirit in our current social and cultural context? 17. What are some practical steps you can take to live a life that reflects "to live is Christ"? 18. How does Paul's view of his circumstances change your perspective on your own struggles? 19. Why do you think Paul had such a deep affection for the Philippians, and how can you cultivate such affection for your own faith community? 20. If faced with a similar predicament as Paul, how would your faith be challenged and how would you respond? Bible Hub Chapter Summaries and Bible Study Questions