◄ Acts 18 ►
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Paul Ministers in Corinth (1 Corinthians 1:1–3; 2 Corinthians 1:1–2) 1After this, Paul left Athens and went to Corinth. 2There he found a Jew named Aquila, a native of Pontus, who had recently come from Italy with his wife Priscilla because Claudius had ordered all the Jews to leave Rome. Paul went to visit them, 3and he stayed and worked with them because they were tentmakers by trade, just as he was. 4Every Sabbath he reasoned in the synagogue, trying to persuade Jews and Greeks alike. 5And when Silas and Timothy came down from Macedonia, Paul devoted himself fully to the word, testifying to the Jews that Jesus is the Christ. 6But when they opposed and insulted him, he shook out his garments and told them, “Your blood be on your own heads! I am innocent of it. From now on I will go to the Gentiles.” 7So Paul left the synagogue and went next door to the house of Titus Justus,a a worshiper of God. 8Crispus, the synagogue leader, and his whole household believed in the Lord. And many of the Corinthians who heard the message believed and were baptized. 9One night the Lord spoke to Paul in a vision: “Do not be afraid; keep on speaking; do not be silent. 10For I am with you and no one will lay a hand on you, because I have many people in this city.” 11So Paul stayed for a year and a half, teaching the word of God among the Corinthians. Paul before Gallio 12While Gallio was proconsul of Achaia, the Jews coordinated an attack on Paul and brought him before the judgment seat. 13“This man is persuading the people to worship God in ways contrary to the law,” they said. 14But just as Paul was about to speak, Gallio told the Jews, “If this matter involved a wrongdoing or vicious crime, O Jews, it would be reasonable for me to hear your complaint. 15But since it is a dispute about words and names and your own law, settle it yourselves. I refuse to be a judge of such things.” 16And he drove them away from the judgment seat. 17At this, the crowdb seized Sosthenes the synagogue leader and beat him in front of the judgment seat. But none of this was of concern to Gallio. Paul Returns to Antioch 18Paul remained in Corinth for quite some time before saying goodbye to the brothers. He had his head shaved in Cenchrea to keep a vow he had made, and then he sailed for Syria, accompanied by Priscilla and Aquila. 19When they reached Ephesus, Paul left Priscilla and Aquila. He himself went into the synagogue there and reasoned with the Jews. 20When they asked him to stay for a while longer, he declined. 21But as he left, he said, “I will come backc to you if God is willing.” And he set sail from Ephesus. 22When Paul had landed at Caesarea, he went up and greeted the church at Jerusalem.d Then he went down to Antioch. Paul’s Third Missionary Journey Begins (Acts 13:1–3; Acts 15:36–41) 23After Paul had spent some time in Antioch, he traveled from place to place throughout the region of Galatia and Phrygia, strengthening all the disciples. 24Meanwhile a Jew named Apollos, a native of Alexandria, came to Ephesus. He was an eloquent man, well versed in the Scriptures. 25He had been instructed in the way of the Lord and was fervent in spirit. He spoke and taught accurately about Jesus,e though he knew only the baptism of John. 26And he began to speak boldly in the synagogue. When Priscilla and Aquila heard him, they took him aside and explained to him the way of God more accurately. 27When Apollos resolved to cross over to Achaia, the brothers encouraged him and wrote to the disciples there to welcome him. On his arrival, he was a great help to those who by grace had believed. 28For he powerfully refuted the Jews in public debate, proving from the Scriptures that Jesus is the Christ. Footnotes: 7 a ECM; SBL, NE, and WH Titius Justus; BYZ and TR Justus 17 b Literally they all; BYZ and TR all the Greeks 21 c BYZ and TR I must by all means keep this feast that comes in Jerusalem, but I will come back 22 d Literally he went up and greeted the church 25 e BYZ and TR about the Lord Berean Standard Bible (BSB) printed 2016, 2020, 2022, 2025 by Bible Hub and Berean.Bible. Produced in cooperation with Bible Hub, Discovery Bible, unfoldingWord, Bible Aquifer, OpenBible.com, and the Berean Bible Translation Committee. This text of God's Word has been dedicated to the public domain. Free downloads and unlimited usage available. See also the Berean Literal Bible and Berean Interlinear Bible. Bible Hub Acts 18 Summary Paul Ministers in Corinth Verses 1–4 – Arrival in Corinth: Tentmaking and Sabbath Dialogues Paul leaves Athens and reaches bustling Corinth, teams up with Aquila and Priscilla—recent Jewish exiles from Rome—and works at their shared trade of tent-making while reasoning every Sabbath in the synagogue with Jews and Greeks. Verses 5–11 – Opposition, a Vision, and an Eighteen-Month Harvest When Silas and Timothy arrive, Paul gives himself fully to preaching. After fierce resistance, he announces, “From now on I will go to the Gentiles.” Many Corinthians, including synagogue leader Crispus, believe and are baptized. The Lord appears to Paul at night: “Do not be afraid… for I am with you” (vv. 9–10). Paul stays a year and a half, teaching the word of God. Verses 12–17 – Gallio’s Judgment Seat Jews haul Paul before Proconsul Gallio, charging him with unlawful teaching. Gallio dismisses the case, declaring it an internal religious dispute. Greeks beat Sosthenes, the synagogue ruler, right at the judgment seat, and Gallio ignores it. Verses 18–23 – Departure, A Vow, and a Circuit Back to Antioch Paul remains in Corinth “quite some time,” cuts his hair at Cenchreae because of a vow, sails with Priscilla and Aquila to Ephesus, briefly reasons in the synagogue, promises to return, visits Jerusalem, and ends the journey in Antioch before strengthening disciples throughout Galatia and Phrygia. Verses 24–28 – Apollos: Mighty in the Scriptures Apollos of Alexandria, eloquent and versed in the Scriptures but knowing only John’s baptism, arrives in Ephesus. Priscilla and Aquila explain “the way of God more accurately.” Crossing to Achaia, Apollos “powerfully refuted the Jews in public debate, proving from the Scriptures that Jesus is the Christ.” In Acts 18, we follow Paul's journey to Corinth and Ephesus, places where he forms profound connections and strengthens the early Christian community. The chapter unfolds the power of fellowship, the joy of divine encouragement, and the significance of theological understanding for effective Gospel proclamation. Historical and Cultural Setting • Corinth, rebuilt by Julius Caesar in 44 BC, sat on the Isthmus, controlling east-west trade. Its two harbors (Lechaion and Cenchreae) funneled goods and ideas—and vices—between Rome and the East. • The city housed temples to Aphrodite and Apollo; the word “to Corinthianize” was slang for loose living. Amid this moral fog, the gospel’s light shone brightly (cf. 1 Corinthians 6:9-11). • Claudius’ edict (Acts 18:2) forcing Jews from Rome is dated to AD 49; Gallio’s proconsulship in Achaia is attested by the Delphi inscription (c. AD 51-52). These anchors help date Paul’s second missionary journey. Geography and Archaeology • The “judgment seat” (Greek, bema) where Gallio sat has been uncovered in Corinth’s forum—steps, pavement, and rostra still visible. Standing on those stones links Luke’s narrative with the tangible world. • Cenchreae, Corinth’s eastern port, has remains of warehouses and marble columns; inscriptions mention an early Christian community (cf. Romans 16:1, Phoebe “a servant of the church in Cenchreae”). • Ephesus’ synagogue likely stood near the agora; archaeologists have found menorah graffiti on nearby paving stones, suggesting a vibrant Jewish presence that welcomed Paul and later Apollos. Key People and Their Roles • Paul—tentmaker, evangelist, church planter; models blending work and witness (1 Thessalonians 2:9). • Priscilla and Aquila—married co-laborers, hosts of home churches (Romans 16:3-5). Their order of names alternates, hinting at balanced partnership. • Silas and Timothy—bring funds from Macedonia (2 Corinthians 11:9), freeing Paul for full-time teaching. • Gallio—brother of the philosopher Seneca; his refusal to criminalize the gospel sets a legal precedent, granting the church a measure of protection throughout the empire. • Apollos—Alexandrian Jew, eloquent, Scripturally grounded, later a respected teacher at Corinth (1 Corinthians 3:5-6). Tentmaking and Ministry Paul works with his hands to avoid burdening new believers (Acts 18:3; 1 Corinthians 9:12-18). His pattern encourages believers today to leverage everyday vocations for gospel influence. The Night Vision: “I Am With You” God’s words in verses 9-10 echo promises given to Moses (Exodus 3:12), Joshua (Joshua 1:9), and Jeremiah (Jeremiah 1:8). The Lord’s continual “I am with you” fuels courage when ministry faces hostility. Opposition and Legal Vindication Luke records three courtroom scenes in Acts 16–19. Gallio’s verdict—“I refuse to be a judge of such matters” (v. 15)—signals Rome views the gospel as a permissible branch of Judaism at this stage. This calm before later storms allowed the church to spread rapidly. The Vow at Cenchreae Cutting Paul’s hair (v. 18) resembles completion of a temporary Nazarite-style vow (Numbers 6:18). It shows Jewish believers were free to keep voluntary practices, provided they did not impose them on others (Acts 15:19-21). Ephesus: A Strategic Foothold Paul senses Ephesus’ potential but leaves after a short visit, trusting God’s timing. He does return, spending roughly three years there (Acts 19:10; 20:31). Priscilla and Aquila stay behind, nurturing the fledgling church. Apollos and Discipleship Priscilla and Aquila privately “explained…more accurately” rather than correcting Apollos publicly—an example of gentle discipleship. Apollos humbly receives instruction, illustrating teachability as key to fruitful service (Proverbs 9:9). Connections to Hebrew Scriptures • Claudius’ expulsion mirrors earlier dispersions (2 Kings 17:23). God often uses scattering to advance His plan (Genesis 50:20). • The vow ties back to Numbers 6. Paul’s liberty models 1 Samuel 1:11 (Hannah’s vow) yet underscores that vows are voluntary acts of devotion, not salvation requirements. • Paul’s shaking out his garments (v. 6) echoes Nehemiah 5:13 and Jesus’ instruction to the disciples (Luke 9:5). New Testament Parallels and Progression • Acts 18 bridges Paul’s second and third journeys, providing background for 1 & 2 Corinthians. • Many names in this chapter—Crispus, Sosthenes, Apollos—surface later, showing Luke’s accuracy and the relational fabric of early churches (1 Corinthians 1:1, 14). • The teamwork of Paul, Aquila, Priscilla, Silas, Timothy, and Apollos anticipates the “body” language Paul will employ (1 Corinthians 12). Diversity of gifting, unity of purpose. Timeless Principles and Applications • Work and witness can coexist; ordinary jobs become platforms for gospel conversations. • God uses setbacks—banishment from Rome, synagogue expulsion—to reposition His servants for greater impact. • Encouragement from God and fellow believers keeps weary workers on mission. • Crispus and later Sosthenes show that even leaders originally opposed can surrender to Christ. • Private correction preserves dignity and strengthens truth; public debate has its place but begins with humble hearts. Living It Out Today Wherever commerce, ideas, and diversity converge—university campuses, global cities—modern “Corinths” stand ready for clear, courageous witness. The Lord still says, “I am with you… I have many people in this city.” Connections to Additional Scriptures 2 Corinthians 12:9-10 Paul's reliance on God's strength in weakness, paralleling his perseverance in Acts 18. Matthew 28:19-20 The Great Commission, emphasizing the call to make disciples, as seen in Paul's ministry. Philippians 4:13 Encouragement to rely on Christ's strength, similar to the divine encouragement Paul received. 1 Corinthians 3:6-9 The role of different individuals in God's work, akin to the partnership of Paul, Aquila, and Priscilla. Teaching Points Paul's Ministry in Corinth Acts 18:1-4 describes Paul's arrival in Corinth, where he meets Aquila and Priscilla. Paul works as a tentmaker alongside them, demonstrating the importance of bi-vocational ministry and the value of hard work in spreading the Gospel. Divine Encouragement In Acts 18:9-10, the Lord speaks to Paul in a vision, saying, Do not be afraid; keep on speaking; do not be silent. For I am with you, and no one will lay a hand on you, because I have many people in this city. This highlights God's reassurance and presence with His servants. Opposition and Perseverance Despite facing opposition from the Jews (Acts 18:5-6), Paul remains steadfast, shifting his focus to the Gentiles. This demonstrates the importance of perseverance and adaptability in ministry. The Role of Aquila and Priscilla Acts 18:24-26 introduces Apollos, a learned man who is taught more accurately about the way of God by Aquila and Priscilla. This underscores the significance of mentorship and discipleship within the church. God's Sovereignty in Ministry Throughout Acts 18, we see God's hand guiding and protecting Paul, ensuring the spread of the Gospel. This reminds us of God's sovereignty and faithfulness in our own ministry efforts. Practical Applications Embrace Bi-vocational Ministry Like Paul, consider how your profession can be a platform for ministry and sharing the Gospel. Seek Divine Encouragement In times of fear or doubt, remember that God is with you, just as He was with Paul. Seek His guidance and reassurance through prayer and Scripture. Persevere Through Opposition When facing challenges in your faith journey, remain steadfast and adaptable, trusting that God will use your efforts for His glory. Mentor and Disciple Others Follow the example of Aquila and Priscilla by investing in the spiritual growth of others, helping them understand the Gospel more fully. Trust in God's Sovereignty Recognize that God is in control of all circumstances and will guide your steps as you seek to serve Him. People 1. Paul A central figure in the New Testament, Paul is a missionary and apostle who travels to Corinth in this chapter. He is known for his extensive missionary journeys and his role in spreading Christianity among the Gentiles. In Acts 18, Paul is described as staying with Aquila and Priscilla and working as a tentmaker. 2. Aquila A Jew from Pontus who, along with his wife Priscilla, had recently come from Italy because Claudius had ordered all Jews to leave Rome. Aquila is a tentmaker by trade and becomes a close associate of Paul. The Greek root of his name, "Ἀκύλας" (Akyla), suggests an eagle, which may symbolize strength or vision. 3. Priscilla The wife of Aquila, she is also a tentmaker and works alongside her husband and Paul. Priscilla is noted for her role in instructing Apollos more accurately in the way of God. Her name in Greek, "Πρίσκιλλα" (Priskilla), is a diminutive form of "Prisca," meaning ancient or venerable. 4. Silas Mentioned as one of Paul's companions who, along with Timothy, joins Paul in Corinth. Silas is known for his earlier missionary work with Paul and his role in the early church. His name in Greek, "Σίλας" (Silas), is a shortened form of "Silvanus," meaning "wood" or "forest." 5. Timothy Another of Paul's companions who joins him in Corinth. Timothy is a young disciple and a trusted co-worker of Paul, often accompanying him on his journeys. His name in Greek, "Τιμόθεος" (Timotheos), means "honoring God." 6. Titius Justus A God-fearing Gentile whose house is next to the synagogue in Corinth. Paul stays with him after leaving the synagogue. His name in Greek, "Τίτιος Ἰοῦστος" (Titios Ioustos), reflects a Roman heritage, with "Justus" meaning "just" or "righteous." 7. Crispus The ruler of the synagogue in Corinth who, along with his entire household, believes in the Lord. His conversion is significant in the narrative of Acts. His name in Greek, "Κρίσπος" (Krispos), means "curly" or "curled," possibly referring to his hair. 8. Gallio The proconsul of Achaia who dismisses the charges brought against Paul by the Jews, seeing it as a matter of Jewish law rather than a criminal offense. His name in Greek, "Γαλλίων" (Gallion), is of Latin origin, possibly meaning "one who lives in Gaul." 9. Sosthenes The synagogue leader who is beaten by the crowd after Gallio dismisses the case against Paul. His name in Greek, "Σωσθένης" (Sosthenes), means "safe strength" or "saving strength." 10. Apollos A learned Jew from Alexandria who is eloquent and knowledgeable in the Scriptures. He is instructed more accurately in the way of God by Priscilla and Aquila. His name in Greek, "Ἀπολλώς" (Apollos), is derived from the Greek god Apollo, symbolizing beauty and eloquence. Places 1. Corinth Acts 18:1: "After this, Paul left Athens and went to Corinth." Corinth was a major city in ancient Greece, known for its commerce and diverse population. It was a significant location for Paul's missionary work, where he established a church and wrote letters to the Corinthians. 2. Athens Acts 18:1: "After this, Paul left Athens and went to Corinth." Although mentioned as the place Paul left, Athens was a center of philosophy and learning. Paul had previously engaged with philosophers there, as recorded in Acts 17. 3. Italy Acts 18:2: "There he found a Jew named Aquila, a native of Pontus, who had recently come from Italy with his wife Priscilla, because Claudius had ordered all the Jews to leave Rome." Italy is mentioned as the region from which Aquila and Priscilla had come. This highlights the Roman expulsion of Jews, which had significant implications for the spread of Christianity. 4. Pontus Acts 18:2: "There he found a Jew named Aquila, a native of Pontus..." Pontus was a region in Asia Minor (modern-day Turkey). Aquila's origin from Pontus indicates the widespread dispersion of Jews and early Christians. 5. Syria Acts 18:18: "Paul stayed on for quite some time, then left the brothers and sailed for Syria, accompanied by Priscilla and Aquila." Syria was a Roman province and a key area for early Christian activity. Antioch in Syria was a major center for the early church. 6. Cenchrea Acts 18:18: "Before he sailed, he had his hair cut off at Cenchrea because of a vow he had taken." Cenchrea was the eastern port of Corinth, indicating Paul's departure point for his journey to Syria. The mention of a vow suggests a Jewish practice, possibly a Nazirite vow. 7. Ephesus Acts 18:19: "When they reached Ephesus, Paul parted ways with Priscilla and Aquila. He himself went into the synagogue there and reasoned with the Jews." Ephesus was a major city in Asia Minor, known for its temple to Artemis. It became an important center for Paul's ministry and the early church. 8. Caesarea Acts 18:22: "When he landed at Caesarea, he went up and greeted the church at Jerusalem, and then went down to Antioch." Caesarea was a significant port city in Judea, serving as a gateway for travel to and from Jerusalem. 9. Jerusalem Acts 18:22: "When he landed at Caesarea, he went up and greeted the church at Jerusalem, and then went down to Antioch." Jerusalem was the center of Jewish worship and the early Christian church. Paul's visit underscores the connection between his mission and the Jerusalem church. 10. Antioch Acts 18:22: "When he landed at Caesarea, he went up and greeted the church at Jerusalem, and then went down to Antioch." Antioch was a major center for early Christianity and the starting point for Paul's missionary journeys. It was known for its diverse and vibrant Christian community. Events 1. Paul Meets Aquila and Priscilla in Corinth Paul arrives in Corinth and meets a Jewish couple, Aquila and Priscilla, who had recently come from Italy because Claudius had ordered all Jews to leave Rome. Paul stays and works with them because they are tentmakers by trade, as he is (Acts 18:1-3). 2. Paul Preaches in the Synagogue Every Sabbath, Paul goes to the synagogue to reason with both Jews and Greeks, trying to persuade them about Jesus being the Messiah (Acts 18:4). 3. Silas and Timothy Join Paul Silas and Timothy arrive from Macedonia, and Paul becomes more devoted to preaching, testifying to the Jews that Jesus is the Christ (Acts 18:5). 4. Paul Faces Opposition and Turns to the Gentiles When the Jews oppose and revile him, Paul shakes out his garments and declares that he will go to the Gentiles, saying, "Your blood be on your own heads; I am innocent. From now on I will go to the Gentiles" (Acts 18:6). 5. Paul Stays with Titius Justus Paul leaves the synagogue and goes to the house of Titius Justus, a worshiper of God, whose house is next door to the synagogue (Acts 18:7). 6. Crispus and Many Corinthians Believe Crispus, the synagogue leader, and his entire household believe in the Lord, and many Corinthians who hear Paul also believe and are baptized (Acts 18:8). 7. The Lord Encourages Paul in a Vision The Lord speaks to Paul in a vision, telling him not to be afraid but to keep on speaking, for He is with him, and no one will attack or harm him because He has many people in the city (Acts 18:9-10). 8. Paul Stays in Corinth for a Year and a Half Paul remains in Corinth for a year and six months, teaching the word of God among them (Acts 18:11). 9. Paul is Brought Before Gallio The Jews make a united attack on Paul and bring him before Gallio, the proconsul of Achaia, accusing him of persuading people to worship God contrary to the law (Acts 18:12-13). 10. Gallio Dismisses the Case Gallio refuses to judge the matter, saying it is a question of words and names and their own law, and drives them from the tribunal (Acts 18:14-16). 11. Sosthenes is Beaten The crowd seizes Sosthenes, the synagogue leader, and beats him in front of the tribunal, but Gallio shows no concern (Acts 18:17). 12. Paul Returns to Antioch After staying in Corinth for some time, Paul sets sail for Syria, accompanied by Priscilla and Aquila. Before sailing, he has his hair cut off at Cenchrea because of a vow he had taken (Acts 18:18). 13. Paul Visits Ephesus Paul arrives in Ephesus, where he leaves Priscilla and Aquila. He enters the synagogue and reasons with the Jews, but when they ask him to stay longer, he declines, promising to return if God wills (Acts 18:19-21). 14. Paul Completes His Journey Paul sails from Ephesus to Caesarea, goes up to greet the church, and then goes down to Antioch, completing his second missionary journey (Acts 18:22). 15. Apollos Begins to Preach in Ephesus A Jew named Apollos, a native of Alexandria, comes to Ephesus. He is an eloquent speaker and well-versed in the Scriptures. He speaks and teaches accurately about Jesus, though he knows only the baptism of John (Acts 18:24-25). 16. Priscilla and Aquila Teach Apollos Priscilla and Aquila hear Apollos and take him aside to explain the way of God more accurately (Acts 18:26). 17. Apollos Ministers in Achaia Apollos wishes to go to Achaia, and the brothers encourage him and write to the disciples there to welcome him. He greatly helps those who have believed through grace, powerfully refuting the Jews in public debate, proving from the Scriptures that Jesus is the Christ (Acts 18:27-28). Lessons from Acts 18 1. The Power of Partnership In Acts 18, we see the dynamic duo of Paul and Aquila, along with his wife Priscilla, working together in Corinth. This partnership highlights the importance of collaboration in ministry. As Paul "stayed and worked with them, for they were tentmakers by trade" (Acts 18:3), we learn that sharing both spiritual and practical tasks can strengthen our mission. Whether in ministry or daily life, teaming up with like-minded individuals can amplify our impact and bring about greater results. 2. The Importance of Consistency Paul's routine of reasoning in the synagogue every Sabbath (Acts 18:4) teaches us the value of consistency. By regularly engaging with the community, Paul was able to build relationships and share the Gospel effectively. Consistency in our spiritual practices, such as prayer and Bible study, can deepen our faith and enhance our witness to others. 3. The Role of Encouragement When Silas and Timothy arrived from Macedonia, Paul was "devoted exclusively to preaching, testifying to the Jews that Jesus is the Christ" (Acts 18:5). Their presence and support encouraged Paul to focus fully on his mission. Encouragement from fellow believers can be a powerful motivator, reminding us that we are not alone in our journey. 4. The Courage to Move On Paul faced opposition and abuse from some in the synagogue, leading him to declare, "Your blood be on your own heads! I am innocent. From now on I will go to the Gentiles" (Acts 18:6). This bold decision underscores the importance of knowing when to move on from unfruitful situations. Sometimes, God calls us to new fields where our efforts can bear more fruit. 5. The Assurance of God's Presence In a vision, the Lord reassured Paul, saying, "Do not be afraid; keep on speaking, do not be silent. For I am with you" (Acts 18:9-10). This divine encouragement reminds us that God is always with us, guiding and protecting us as we fulfill His purposes. Trusting in His presence can give us the courage to persevere through challenges. 6. The Impact of Hospitality Priscilla and Aquila's hospitality towards Paul and later towards Apollos (Acts 18:26) demonstrates the significant role that opening our homes and hearts can play in ministry. By welcoming others, we create opportunities for growth, learning, and the spread of the Gospel. Hospitality can be a powerful tool for building community and sharing God's love. 7. The Value of Mentorship Priscilla and Aquila took Apollos aside and "explained to him the way of God more accurately" (Acts 18:26). This act of mentorship highlights the importance of guiding and nurturing others in their faith journey. Investing time in teaching and encouraging others can have a lasting impact on their spiritual growth and effectiveness in ministry. 8. The Significance of Boldness Apollos, described as "an eloquent speaker, well-versed in the Scriptures" (Acts 18:24), boldly proclaimed the message of Jesus. His example encourages us to be confident in sharing our faith, using the gifts and knowledge God has given us. Boldness in our witness can inspire others and draw them closer to the truth of the Gospel. 9. The Necessity of Continual Learning Despite his eloquence, Apollos was open to learning from Priscilla and Aquila. This humility and willingness to grow (Acts 18:26) remind us that no matter how knowledgeable we are, there is always more to learn. Continual learning keeps our faith vibrant and equips us to serve more effectively. 10. The Joy of Seeing God's Work Acts 18 concludes with Apollos being a great help to those who believed through grace (Acts 18:27). Witnessing the fruits of our labor and seeing others come to faith is a profound joy. It reminds us that our efforts, empowered by God's grace, can lead to transformation and growth in His kingdom. Let us rejoice in the work God is doing through us and around us. Topics 1. Paul in Corinth Paul arrives in Corinth and meets Aquila and Priscilla, fellow tentmakers. He stays and works with them, reasoning in the synagogue every Sabbath, trying to persuade both Jews and Greeks (Acts 18:1-4). The Greek word for "reasoning" (διαλέγομαι, dialegomai) implies a dialogue or discussion, highlighting Paul's method of engaging with his audience. 2. Opposition and Turning to the Gentiles When the Jews oppose and revile him, Paul declares that he will turn to the Gentiles (Acts 18:5-6). The phrase "shook out his garments" is a symbolic act of disassociation, rooted in Jewish customs. 3. Conversion of Crispus and Many Corinthians Crispus, the synagogue leader, and his household believe in the Lord, along with many Corinthians who hear and are baptized (Acts 18:7-8). The Greek term for "believe" (πιστεύω, pisteuō) indicates a deep trust and faith in Jesus Christ. 4. The Lord's Encouragement to Paul The Lord speaks to Paul in a vision, encouraging him not to be afraid but to keep speaking, promising His presence and protection (Acts 18:9-10). This divine assurance underscores the importance of divine guidance and support in ministry. 5. Paul's Ministry in Corinth Paul stays in Corinth for a year and a half, teaching the word of God among them (Acts 18:11). The Greek word for "teaching" (διδάσκω, didaskō) emphasizes the instructional aspect of Paul's ministry. 6. Gallio's Dismissal of the Jews' Accusation The Jews bring Paul before Gallio, the proconsul, accusing him of persuading people to worship God contrary to the law. Gallio dismisses the case, seeing it as a matter of Jewish law rather than a civil issue (Acts 18:12-17). This incident highlights the Roman authorities' general indifference to internal Jewish religious disputes. 7. Paul's Return to Antioch After staying in Corinth, Paul sets sail for Syria, accompanied by Priscilla and Aquila. He makes a vow and cuts his hair in Cenchreae, then travels through Ephesus, Caesarea, and finally returns to Antioch (Acts 18:18-22). The vow and haircut suggest a Nazirite vow, reflecting Paul's Jewish heritage and customs. 8. Apollos in Ephesus Apollos, an eloquent speaker and knowledgeable in the Scriptures, arrives in Ephesus. Priscilla and Aquila explain the way of God more accurately to him (Acts 18:24-26). The Greek term for "accurately" (ἀκριβῶς, akribōs) indicates a precise and thorough understanding. 9. Apollos' Ministry in Achaia Apollos travels to Achaia, where he greatly helps those who have believed through grace, powerfully refuting the Jews in public debate, proving from the Scriptures that Jesus is the Christ (Acts 18:27-28). The Greek word for "refuting" (διακατελέγχομαι, diakatelegchomai) suggests a strong, convincing argument. Themes 1. Divine Guidance and Providence Acts 18 highlights God's guidance and provision for Paul and his companions. In verse 9, the Lord speaks to Paul in a vision, saying, "Do not be afraid; keep on speaking, do not be silent." This divine encouragement underscores the theme of God's providence and protection over His servants as they carry out His mission. 2. The Role of the Holy Spirit The Holy Spirit's influence is evident as Paul is led to Corinth and later to Ephesus. The Spirit's guidance is implicit in Paul's missionary journey, reflecting the Greek term "pneuma" (πνεῦμα), which signifies the Spirit's active role in directing and empowering believers. 3. Perseverance in Ministry Despite opposition, Paul continues his ministry with perseverance. Verse 6 states, "But when they opposed and insulted him, he shook out his garments and told them, 'Your blood be on your own heads! I am innocent. From now on I will go to the Gentiles.'" This demonstrates Paul's steadfastness and commitment to his calling, even in the face of rejection. 4. Community and Fellowship The chapter emphasizes the importance of community and fellowship among believers. Paul meets Aquila and Priscilla, fellow tentmakers, and they work together (verse 3). This partnership highlights the Greek concept of "koinonia" (κοινωνία), meaning fellowship and mutual support within the Christian community. 5. Cultural Engagement and Adaptation Paul engages with both Jews and Gentiles, adapting his approach to effectively communicate the Gospel. In verse 4, "Every Sabbath he reasoned in the synagogue, trying to persuade Jews and Greeks." This reflects the theme of cultural engagement, where Paul tailors his message to reach diverse audiences. 6. Opposition and Conflict Acts 18 records instances of opposition and conflict, particularly from the Jewish community. In verse 12, the Jews bring Paul before the proconsul Gallio, accusing him of persuading people to worship God contrary to the law. This theme highlights the challenges faced by early Christians in spreading the Gospel. 7. Divine Encouragement and Assurance God's reassurance to Paul in verse 10, "For I am with you, and no one will lay a hand on you, because I have many people in this city," provides divine encouragement. This assurance emphasizes God's presence and the support of a broader community of believers. 8. The Spread of the Gospel The chapter illustrates the spread of the Gospel beyond Jewish communities to Gentile regions. Paul's decision to focus on the Gentiles (verse 6) marks a significant shift in the early Christian mission, aligning with the Greek term "euangelion" (εὐαγγέλιον), meaning good news or Gospel. 9. Mentorship and Discipleship The relationship between Paul, Aquila, and Priscilla demonstrates the theme of mentorship and discipleship. In verse 26, they take Apollos aside and explain the way of God more accurately, highlighting the importance of teaching and nurturing new believers in their faith journey. Prayer Points Pray for courage and boldness to share the Gospel, even in the face of opposition. Ask for God's guidance and reassurance in your ministry efforts, trusting in His presence and protection. Seek opportunities to mentor and disciple others, helping them grow in their faith. Pray for perseverance and adaptability in your faith journey, trusting in God's sovereignty and plan. Thank God for the community of believers who support and encourage one another in the work of the Gospel. Answering Tough Questions 1. Acts 18:2 – Is there solid historical evidence confirming Claudius’s expulsion of all Jews from Rome, or might Luke’s reference be an exaggeration? 2. Acts 18:9 – Can Paul’s claimed divine vision be independently verified, or does it rely solely on Luke’s narrative? 3. Acts 18:12–17 – Why does Luke’s depiction of Gallio’s handling of the dispute differ from other historical records of Roman officials’ reactions to emerging sects? 4. Acts 18:18 – Is there any archaeological or historical support for Paul’s vow and hair-shaving practice, suggesting a Jewish or pagan ritual influence? 5. Acts 18:24–26 – How historically plausible is the portrayal of Apollos as both thoroughly educated in Scripture yet unaware of the full Christian message? Bible Study Discussion Questions 1. What can we learn from Paul's bi-vocational approach to his ministry in Corinth? 2. How does God's assurance in the vision comfort and encourage Paul? How does God comfort and encourage us in our journeys? 3. What lessons can we learn from Gallio's handling of the accusations against Paul? 4. How does the relationship between Paul, Aquila, and Priscilla demonstrate the importance of Christian fellowship? 5. How does Apollos' willingness to learn and improve illustrate the importance of humility in Christian service? 6. How does Paul model resilience in the face of opposition during his ministries in Corinth and Ephesus? 7. How do Aquila and Priscilla's actions toward Apollos model the way we should disciple others? 8. How do we see the role of both Paul and Apollos in planting and watering the Gospel (as Paul later describes in 1 Corinthians 3:6)? 9. What does the united attack of the Jews on Paul teach us about the challenges of proclaiming the Gospel? 10. How can we discern God's will in our lives, as Paul does when he promises to return to Ephesus if God wills? 11. What does this chapter teach us about the need for both knowledge and spirit-filled fervor in our faith? 12. How can we use our secular skills and professions, like Paul's tentmaking, for God's work? 13. How does Acts 18 challenge our approach to resolving conflicts within the church community? 14. What do the various methods of ministry used by Paul and Apollos teach us about the diversity of gifts in the body of Christ? 15. How does Acts 18 demonstrate the importance of both individual roles and community effort in the spread of the Gospel? 16. How can we ensure that our understanding of the Gospel is complete and accurate, as was needed by Apollos? 17. In what ways can we provide and receive correction within the Christian community, as shown by Aquila, Priscilla, and Apollos? 18. How does this chapter encourage us to be active participants in nurturing our Christian communities? 19. How can we remain steadfast in our mission even when facing indifference or dismissal, as Paul did with Gallio? 20. How does the relationship between teaching and faith development manifest in this chapter, and how does it apply to our own spiritual growth? Bible Hub Chapter Summaries and Bible Study Questions