◄ 1 Samuel 24 ►
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David Spares Saul 1After Saul had returned from pursuing the Philistines, he was told, “David is in the wilderness of En-gedi.” 2So Saul took three thousand chosen men from all Israel and went to look for David and his men in the region of the Rocks of the Wild Goats. 3Soon Saul came to the sheepfolds along the road, where there was a cave, and he went in to relieve himself.a And David and his men were hiding in the recesses of the cave. 4So David’s men said to him, “This is the day about which the LORD said to you, ‘Behold, I will deliver your enemy into your hand, that you may do with him as you wish.’” Then David crept up and stealthily cut off a corner of Saul’s robe. 5Afterward, David’s conscience was stricken because he had cut off the corner of Saul’s robe. 6So he said to his men, “The LORD forbid that I should do such a thing to my master, the LORD’s anointed. May I never lift my hand against him, since he is the LORD’s anointed.” 7With these words David restrained his men, and he did not let them rise up against Saul. Then Saul left the cave and went on his way. 8After that, David got up, went out of the cave, and called out to Saul, “My lord the king!” When Saul looked behind him, David bowed facedown in reverence 9and said to Saul, “Why do you listen to the words of men who say, ‘Look, David intends to harm you’? 10Behold, this day you have seen with your own eyes that the LORD delivered you into my hand in the cave. I was told to kill you, but I spared you and said, ‘I will not lift my hand against my lord, since he is the LORD’s anointed.’ 11See, my father, look at the corner of your robe in my hand. For I cut it off, but I did not kill you. Know and see that there is no evil or rebellion in my hands. I have not sinned against you, even though you are hunting me down to take my life. 12May the LORD judge between you and me, and may the LORD take vengeance on you, but my hand will never be against you. 13As the old proverb says, ‘Wickedness proceeds from the wicked.’ But my hand will never be against you. 14Against whom has the king of Israel come out? Whom are you pursuing? A dead dog? A flea? 15May the LORD be our judge and decide between you and me. May He take notice and plead my case and deliver me from your hand.” David’s Oath to Saul 16When David had finished saying these things, Saul called back, “Is that your voice, David my son?” Then Saul wept aloud 17and said to David, “You are more righteous than I, for you have rewarded me with good, though I have rewarded you with evil. 18And you have declared this day how you have treated me well, for when the LORD delivered me into your hand, you did not kill me. 19When a man finds his enemy, does he let him go away unharmed? May the LORD reward you with good for what you have done for me this day. 20Now I know for sure that you will be king and that the kingdom of Israel will be established in your hands. 21So now, swear to me by the LORD that you will not cut off my descendants or wipe out my name from my father’s house.” 22So David gave his oath to Saul. Then Saul returned home, but David and his men went up to the stronghold. Footnotes: 3 a Literally cover his feet, a euphemism for relieving oneself Berean Standard Bible (BSB) printed 2016, 2020, 2022, 2025 by Bible Hub and Berean.Bible. Produced in cooperation with Bible Hub, Discovery Bible, unfoldingWord, Bible Aquifer, OpenBible.com, and the Berean Bible Translation Committee. This text of God's Word has been dedicated to the public domain. Free downloads and unlimited usage available. See also the Berean Literal Bible and Berean Interlinear Bible. Bible Hub 1 Samuel 24 Summary David Spares Saul Verses 1–3 – Saul Hunts David in Engedi Saul, fresh from chasing the Philistines, hears that David is hiding among the crags at Engedi. He gathers three thousand elite troops and combs the area of the “Rocks of the Wild Goats.” Reaching a sheepfold with a large cave, Saul steps inside to relieve himself, unaware that David and his men are deep in the same cavern. Verses 4–7 – David Spares Saul in the Cave David’s followers whisper that the moment has come to end Saul’s life, citing a word from the LORD about handing David’s enemy over. David silently cuts off a corner of Saul’s robe but is immediately troubled in heart. He restrains his men, declaring, “The LORD forbid that I should do such a thing to my lord, the LORD’s anointed.” Saul exits unharmed. Verses 8–15 – David’s Respectful Appeal Once Saul is safely outside, David steps out, bows low, and calls him “my lord the king.” He asks why Saul listens to rumors that David seeks his harm. Displaying the torn robe piece, David proves his innocence and leaves judgment to God: “May the LORD judge between you and me… but my hand will never be against you.” Verses 16–22 – Saul’s Tears and the Covenant Saul, moved to tears, admits, “You are more righteous than I.” He blesses David, foresees his future kingship, and pleads for mercy on his descendants. David swears an oath, Saul departs, yet David wisely keeps to the stronghold. 1 Samuel 24 is a striking chapter, demonstrating David's integrity, mercy, and faith in God, even in the face of dire adversity. Despite having the perfect opportunity to eliminate King Saul, his relentless pursuer, David chooses to spare him, trusting in God's divine intervention and timing. Setting and Geography Engedi sits on the rugged western shore of the Dead Sea, an oasis fed by springs that tumble down limestone cliffs. Terraced wadis, dense brush, and countless caves provided perfect hideouts. Modern hikers still spot Nubian ibex—the likely “wild goats” of verse 2—clambering the same heights. Sheepfolds, Caves, and Private Moments Nomadic shepherds built stone-walled pens at cave mouths for night protection. The inner recesses gave travelers privacy for bodily needs. Saul’s unguarded entrance highlights how safe he felt on friendly territory—and how fully God delivered him into David’s reach without Saul suspecting a thing. David’s Restraint: Respect for the LORD’s Anointed • “The LORD’s anointed” (verses 6, 10) refers to Saul’s divine appointment through Samuel’s earlier anointing with oil (1 Samuel 10:1). • David’s refusal to harm Saul shows unwavering respect for God’s choice, even when that leader behaves unjustly. Compare Romans 13:1–2 and 1 Peter 2:17, where believers are urged to honor authority because God has allowed it. • The later incident at Hakilah Hill (1 Samuel 26) proves David’s restraint was principle, not momentary emotion; he again spares Saul when a quick spear thrust could have ended his trials. The Voice of Conscience Verse 5 notes, “David’s conscience was stricken.” Long before the New Covenant promise of God’s law on the heart (Jeremiah 31:33), David demonstrates an inner sensitivity to God. Scripture elsewhere applauds a tender conscience: “I strive always to keep my conscience clear before God and man” (Acts 24:16). Companions and Counsel David’s men urged violent action. David overruled them. Proverbs 1:10 warns, “My son, if sinners entice you, do not consent.” Peer pressure is powerful, but David shows leadership by choosing God’s way over popular sentiment. Ancient Proverbs and Folk Wisdom David cites an old saying: “From the wicked comes wickedness” (verse 13). The line echoes Proverbs 26:27 and foreshadows Jesus’ words, “Every good tree bears good fruit” (Matthew 7:17). Character inevitably produces matching actions; David wants Saul to see that his fruit is mercy, not rebellion. Saul’s Confession and Prophecy • Saul’s statement, “Now I know for sure that you will be king” (verse 20), lines up with Samuel’s earlier prophecy (1 Samuel 15:28; 16:1). Even Saul’s resistance cannot derail God’s plan. • Saul begs for the safety of his house. Ancient Near Eastern practice often wiped out rival royal families to secure a throne (see 2 Kings 10). David’s later kindness to Jonathan’s son Mephibosheth (2 Samuel 9) honors this oath. Honor, Oaths, and Covenant Loyalty Swearing by the LORD was a solemn act (verse 21). Breaking such an oath invited God’s judgment (Joshua 9:19–20). David keeps his word, showing the importance of integrity. Jesus later teaches, “Let your ‘Yes’ be ‘Yes’ ” (Matthew 5:37). Archaeological Insights • Excavations and surveys around Engedi document hundreds of caves—many large enough for small armies. • Pottery shards from the Iron Age (David’s time) affirm continual use of these caves for shelter and storage. • A 7th-century BC Hebrew inscription found near Engedi references a “king” and “justice,” illustrating the area’s ongoing royal associations. Parallels with Christ’s Teaching • David shows love for an enemy (Matthew 5:44) and leaves vengeance to God (Romans 12:19). • 1 Peter 2:23 describes Jesus: “When He suffered, He did not threaten but entrusted Himself to Him who judges justly.” David’s stance foreshadows that attitude. Psalms from the Caves Tradition links Psalm 57 and Psalm 142 to David’s cave experiences: “I cry out to God Most High… He sends from heaven and saves me” (Psalm 57:2–3). These songs give voice to fear, faith, and ultimate confidence that God will vindicate. Lessons on Leadership and Mercy 1. Great leaders restrain power. David had the advantage yet chose mercy. 2. Reputation matters; Saul’s robe corner became proof of David’s integrity. 3. Trust God’s timing. For years David would wait for the throne, illustrating Proverbs 3:5–6 in real life. Continuing account Line Though Saul appears repentant, chapter 26 reveals relapse. Genuine repentance lasts. Still, chapter 24 marks a turning point: even Saul confesses David’s future. The scene builds tension toward Saul’s tragic end (1 Samuel 31) and David’s eventual coronation (2 Samuel 2). Takeaways for Believers Today • Honor authority—even flawed authority—while holding leaders accountable to God’s standards. • Keep a soft heart; quick guilt over small wrongs (like cutting a robe) prevents bigger sins. • Mercy disarms opponents more powerfully than revenge. • Trust God to safeguard your future; you don’t have to force His promises. Key Cross-References • 1 Samuel 26 – David spares Saul a second time • Psalm 57; Psalm 142 – Prayers from the cave • Proverbs 20:22 – “Do not say, ‘I will avenge this evil!’” • Romans 12:17–21 – “Do not repay anyone evil for evil… overcome evil with good.” Summary Thought In the dark of a cave, light shone through David’s choice to honor God above personal safety or ambition. His mercy pointed forward to the greater Son of David, who would one day refuse to save Himself in order to save many. Connections to Additional Scriptures Romans 12:19 Do not avenge yourselves, beloved, but leave room for God’s wrath. For it is written: 'Vengeance is Mine; I will repay, says the Lord.' Matthew 5:44 But I tell you, love your enemies and pray for those who persecute you. Proverbs 20:22 Do not say, 'I will avenge this evil!' Wait on the LORD, and He will deliver you. Teaching Points David's Restraint David had the opportunity to kill Saul in the cave, but he chose not to harm the LORD’s anointed (1 Samuel 24:6). This demonstrates his respect for God's authority and timing. Conscience and Conviction After cutting off a corner of Saul's robe, David was conscience-stricken (1 Samuel 24:5). This shows his sensitivity to sin and his desire to maintain a clear conscience before God. Trust in God's Justice David refrained from taking vengeance into his own hands, declaring, May the LORD judge between you and me (1 Samuel 24:12). He trusted God to be the ultimate judge and avenger. Saul's Response Saul's reaction to David's mercy was one of temporary repentance and acknowledgment of David's righteousness (1 Samuel 24:17-20). This highlights the power of mercy to convict and transform hearts. Practical Applications Practice Restraint In situations where we are wronged, we should exercise restraint and avoid taking matters into our own hands. Maintain a Clear Conscience Be sensitive to the Holy Spirit's conviction and strive to live with integrity, even in small matters. Trust God's Timing Rely on God's justice and timing rather than seeking immediate retribution. Show Mercy Extend mercy to others, knowing that it can lead to repentance and reconciliation. People 1. David David is the central figure in 1 Samuel 24. He is the anointed future king of Israel, currently on the run from King Saul. In this chapter, David demonstrates restraint and respect for Saul, despite having the opportunity to harm him. The Hebrew root for David's name, דָּוִד (Dawid), means "beloved." 2. Saul King Saul is the current king of Israel, who is pursuing David to kill him out of jealousy and fear of losing his throne. In this chapter, Saul enters the cave where David and his men are hiding, unknowingly putting himself at David's mercy. Saul's name in Hebrew, שָׁאוּל (Sha'ul), means "asked for" or "prayed for." 3. David’s Men These are the loyal followers of David who are with him in the cave. They encourage David to take advantage of the opportunity to kill Saul, but David chooses to spare Saul's life. The Hebrew term for "men" is אֲנָשִׁים (anashim), which is the plural form of "man." 4. The LORD (Yahweh) The LORD is referenced by David as the one who anointed Saul as king and the one who will judge between David and Saul. David's respect for Saul is rooted in his reverence for the LORD's anointed. The Hebrew name for the LORD, יהוה (YHWH), is often rendered as Yahweh. 5. The Servants of Saul These are the men who accompany Saul on his pursuit of David. They are not individually named in this chapter, but they represent Saul's military force. The Hebrew word for "servants" is עֲבָדִים (avadim), which can also mean "slaves" or "attendants." Places 1. En Gedi En Gedi is the primary location mentioned in 1 Samuel 24. It is described as a stronghold where David and his men were hiding. The name "En Gedi" comes from the Hebrew words "עֵין גֶּדִי" (Ein Gedi), meaning "spring of the young goat." This oasis is located near the Dead Sea and is known for its lush vegetation and natural springs, providing a strategic and resourceful hiding place for David. 2. The Cave While not named specifically, the cave in which David and his men were hiding is a significant location in this chapter. It is where David encounters Saul, who enters the cave to relieve himself. The Hebrew word for cave is "מְעָרָה" (me'arah), indicating a large, natural underground space. This cave becomes the setting for a pivotal moment where David spares Saul's life, demonstrating his respect for Saul as the Lord's anointed king. Events 1. David Spares Saul in the Cave David and his men were hiding in the caves of En Gedi when Saul entered to relieve himself. David's men saw this as an opportunity to kill Saul, but David refused, saying, "The LORD forbid that I should do such a thing to my master, the LORD’s anointed" (1 Samuel 24:6). The Hebrew term for "anointed" is "mashiach," indicating someone consecrated by God. 2. David Cuts a Corner of Saul’s Robe Instead of harming Saul, David secretly cut off a corner of Saul’s robe. This act later troubled David’s conscience, as he felt it was disrespectful to the LORD’s anointed (1 Samuel 24:5). 3. David Confronts Saul After Saul left the cave, David came out and called after him, bowing down and showing respect. David explained that he had spared Saul’s life, saying, "I will not stretch out my hand against my lord, because he is the LORD’s anointed" (1 Samuel 24:10). 4. David’s Appeal to the LORD David declared his innocence and appealed to the LORD to judge between him and Saul, saying, "May the LORD judge between you and me, and may the LORD avenge me against you, but my hand will never be against you" (1 Samuel 24:12). The Hebrew word for "judge" is "shaphat," meaning to govern or vindicate. 5. Saul’s Response Saul was moved by David’s words and wept, acknowledging David’s righteousness and his own wrongdoing. Saul admitted, "You are more righteous than I, for you have rewarded me with good, though I have rewarded you with evil" (1 Samuel 24:17). 6. Saul’s Acknowledgment of David’s Future Kingship Saul recognized that David would become king and asked David to swear not to cut off his descendants or destroy his name from his father’s house. David swore to Saul, and Saul returned home, while David and his men went up to the stronghold (1 Samuel 24:20-22). Lessons from 1 Samuel 24 1. Respect for Authority In 1 Samuel 24, David demonstrates profound respect for authority, even when that authority is unjust. Despite having the opportunity to harm King Saul, who was pursuing him unjustly, David refrains, saying, "The LORD forbid that I should do such a thing to my master, the LORD’s anointed" (1 Samuel 24:6). This teaches us the importance of respecting those in positions of authority, trusting that God has placed them there for a reason. 2. Trust in God's Timing David's restraint in the cave is a powerful lesson in trusting God's timing. He had been anointed as the future king, yet he waited patiently for God's plan to unfold. "May the LORD judge between you and me, and may the LORD avenge me against you, but my hand will never be against you" (1 Samuel 24:12). This reminds us to wait on the Lord and trust His perfect timing in our lives. 3. The Power of Mercy David's decision to spare Saul's life is a testament to the power of mercy. By choosing mercy over vengeance, David exemplifies the heart of God, who is "rich in mercy" (Ephesians 2:4). This act of kindness not only spared Saul but also softened his heart temporarily, showing us that mercy can transform even the hardest of hearts. 4. Integrity in Action David's actions in the cave reveal his integrity. He could have easily justified harming Saul, but he chose to act with righteousness. "See, my father, look at this piece of your robe in my hand! I cut it off the corner of your robe but did not kill you" (1 Samuel 24:11). This teaches us to maintain our integrity, even when no one is watching. 5. The Importance of Humility David's humility is evident when he bows down and calls Saul "my lord the king" (1 Samuel 24:8). Despite being anointed as the future king, David humbles himself before Saul, recognizing his current position. This reminds us to remain humble, acknowledging that our worth comes from God, not our status. 6. The Role of Conscience David's conscience is pricked even after cutting a piece of Saul's robe. "Afterward, David’s conscience was stricken for having cut off the corner of Saul’s robe" (1 Samuel 24:5). This highlights the importance of listening to our conscience, which guides us to act in accordance with God's will. 7. The Value of Peacemaking David's approach to Saul is a lesson in peacemaking. By addressing Saul with respect and explaining his actions, David seeks to resolve conflict peacefully. "May the LORD be our judge and decide between you and me" (1 Samuel 24:15). This encourages us to pursue peace and reconciliation in our relationships. 8. The Impact of Godly Leadership David's leadership is marked by his reliance on God rather than his own strength. By sparing Saul, David sets an example of godly leadership, showing that true leaders trust in God's justice. This inspires us to lead with faith and integrity, following God's guidance. 9. The Significance of Repentance Saul's response to David's mercy is a moment of repentance. "You are more righteous than I," Saul admits, acknowledging his wrongdoing (1 Samuel 24:17). This illustrates the power of repentance and the importance of acknowledging our sins before God and others. 10. The Assurance of God's Promises Finally, 1 Samuel 24 reassures us of God's faithfulness to His promises. Despite the challenges David faced, he trusted in God's promise that he would become king. This chapter encourages us to hold fast to God's promises, knowing that He is faithful to fulfill them in His perfect time. Topics 1. David Spares Saul in the Cave In 1 Samuel 24, David finds himself in a position to kill King Saul, who is pursuing him. Instead, David chooses to spare Saul's life, demonstrating mercy and respect for God's anointed. The Hebrew root for "anointed" is מָשִׁיחַ (mashiach), which underscores the sacredness of Saul's position as king. David's restraint is a testament to his faith and obedience to God. 2. David's Conscience and Integrity After cutting off a corner of Saul's robe, David is "conscience-stricken" (1 Samuel 24:5). This moment highlights David's integrity and his deep respect for God's authority. The Hebrew word for "conscience-stricken" is לֵב (lev), often translated as "heart," indicating an inner moral compass guided by divine principles. 3. David's Appeal to Saul David confronts Saul from a distance, calling him "my lord the king" and bowing down in respect (1 Samuel 24:8). This act of humility and deference is significant, as David appeals to Saul's sense of justice and righteousness, emphasizing that he harbors no ill will against the king. 4. David's Declaration of Innocence David declares his innocence to Saul, stating, "I have not sinned against you, though you are hunting me down to take my life" (1 Samuel 24:11). This declaration is a powerful testament to David's righteousness and his trust in God's judgment. The Hebrew word for "sinned" is חָטָא (chata), meaning to miss the mark, which David asserts he has not done. 5. The Lord as Judge David entrusts his cause to the Lord, saying, "May the LORD judge between you and me" (1 Samuel 24:12). This reflects a deep faith in God's justice and sovereignty. The Hebrew root for "judge" is שָׁפַט (shaphat), indicating a divine adjudication that David seeks over human retribution. 6. Saul's Acknowledgment of David's Righteousness Saul is moved by David's words and acknowledges David's righteousness, saying, "You are more righteous than I" (1 Samuel 24:17). This admission is significant as it reveals Saul's recognition of David's moral superiority and the divine favor upon him. 7. Saul's Prophetic Declaration Saul prophetically declares that David will surely become king and that the kingdom of Israel will be established in his hands (1 Samuel 24:20). This acknowledgment from Saul, despite his pursuit of David, underscores the divine plan and David's future role as king. 8. David's Oath to Saul Saul requests an oath from David to not cut off his descendants or destroy his name (1 Samuel 24:21). David swears this oath, demonstrating his commitment to peace and his respect for Saul's lineage. The Hebrew word for "oath" is שְׁבוּעָה (shevuah), signifying a solemn promise made before God. Themes 1. Divine Providence and Sovereignty In 1 Samuel 24, the theme of divine providence is evident as David finds himself in a position to harm Saul but chooses not to. This reflects the belief in God's sovereign control over circumstances. David acknowledges this in verse 6, saying, "The LORD forbid that I should do such a thing to my master, the LORD’s anointed." The Hebrew term for "anointed" (מָשִׁיחַ, mashiach) underscores the sacredness of Saul's position as king, chosen by God. 2. Respect for God’s Anointed David's refusal to harm Saul, despite having the opportunity, highlights the theme of respecting God's anointed. In verse 10, David says, "I will not lift my hand against my master, because he is the LORD’s anointed." This respect is rooted in the understanding that God has appointed Saul, and it is not David's place to usurp God's decision. 3. Moral Integrity and Righteousness David's actions in sparing Saul demonstrate his moral integrity and commitment to righteousness. In verse 17, Saul acknowledges David's righteousness, saying, "You are more righteous than I, for you have rewarded me with good, whereas I have rewarded you with evil." The Hebrew word for "righteous" (צַדִּיק, tzaddik) emphasizes David's adherence to ethical conduct. 4. Trust in God’s Justice David's decision to leave vengeance to God reflects a deep trust in divine justice. In verse 12, David declares, "May the LORD judge between you and me, and may the LORD avenge me against you, but my hand will never be against you." This theme is rooted in the belief that God is the ultimate judge and arbiter of justice. 5. Repentance and Acknowledgment of Sin Saul's response to David's mercy includes a moment of repentance and acknowledgment of his wrongdoing. In verse 20, Saul admits, "Now I know for sure that you will be king, and that the kingdom of Israel will be established in your hands." This theme highlights the importance of recognizing one's sins and the potential for change. 6. The Power of Mercy and Forgiveness David's act of mercy towards Saul serves as a powerful example of forgiveness. By sparing Saul's life, David demonstrates the transformative power of mercy, which leads to a temporary reconciliation between the two. This theme underscores the Christian value of forgiving others as an expression of God's love and grace. Prayer Points Pray for the strength to show restraint and mercy in difficult situations. Ask God to help you maintain a clear conscience and be sensitive to His conviction. Seek God's guidance to trust in His justice and timing in all circumstances. Pray for those who have wronged you, asking God to work in their hearts and bring about reconciliation. Answering Tough Questions 1. How could David and his men remain completely unnoticed by Saul’s large army in the same cave (1 Samuel 24:3)? 2. Why are there no external historical or archaeological records supporting this specific event in 1 Samuel 24? 3. How does David’s act of cutting Saul’s robe (1 Samuel 24:4–5) reliably prove his innocence when no neutral witnesses are mentioned? 4. If Saul recognized David’s righteousness (1 Samuel 24:16–21), why did hostilities continue in later chapters, suggesting inconsistency? 5. Why does David’s mercy toward Saul in 1 Samuel 24 contradict other violent actions David takes elsewhere in Scripture? Bible Study Discussion Questions 1. How does this chapter illustrate the theme of respect for God's anointed? 2. How does David demonstrate integrity and faith in God? 3. In what ways do you see God's divine intervention in this chapter? 4. How might David's decision to spare Saul influence your approach to conflict resolution? 5. What does David's reaction to cutting off a piece of Saul's robe reveal about his character? 6. In your life, how can you apply the lesson of trusting in God's timing like David did? 7. How does Saul's response to David's act of mercy contribute to the narrative? 8. What qualities does David exhibit that are essential for effective leadership? 9. How can we apply the principle of respect for life seen in this chapter in our everyday interactions? 10. Discuss a situation where you had to decide between personal gain and doing what’s right. How does David's example influence your reflection on this situation? 11. How can you show mercy and forgiveness towards someone who has wronged you, as David did to Saul? 12. How does David's reliance on God to judge between him and Saul reflect on his understanding of justice? 13. What does this chapter teach about the power of non-retaliation? 14. How does David's demonstration of his innocence to Saul serve as a model for dealing with accusations? 15. How does the wilderness of En Gedi provide a fitting backdrop for this dramatic story? 16. Discuss the value of patience and waiting on God's timing in your personal life. 17. How does the dialogue between David and Saul enlighten the theme of mercy and forgiveness? 18. If you were in David's position, how might you have reacted differently and why? 19. What do Saul's final words to David teach us about recognizing and acknowledging good in others? 20. What steps can we take to ensure our actions align with our faith, even in the face of opposition, as demonstrated by David? Bible Hub Chapter Summaries and Bible Study Questions