◄ Job 4 ►
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Berean Standard Bible | Par ▾
Eliphaz: The Innocent Prosper 1Then Eliphaz the Temanite replied: 2“If one ventures a word with you, will you be wearied? Yet who can keep from speaking? 3Surely you have instructed many, and have strengthened their feeble hands. 4Your words have steadied those who stumbled; you have braced the knees that were buckling. 5But now trouble has come upon you, and you are weary. It strikes you, and you are dismayed. 6Is your reverence not your confidence, and the uprightness of your ways your hope? 7Consider now, I plead: Who, being innocent, has ever perished? Or where have the upright been destroyed? 8As I have observed, those who plow iniquity and those who sow trouble reap the same. 9By the breath of God they perish, and by the blast of His anger they are consumed. 10The lion may roar, and the fierce lion may growl, yet the teeth of the young lions are broken. 11The old lion perishes for lack of prey, and the cubs of the lioness are scattered. 12Now a word came to me secretly; my ears caught a whisper of it. 13In disquieting visions in the night, when deep sleep falls on men, 14fear and trembling came over me and made all my bones shudder. 15Then a spirita glided past my face, and the hair on my body bristled. 16It stood still, but I could not discern its appearance; a form loomed before my eyes, and I heard a whispering voice: 17‘Can a mortal be more righteous than God, or a man more pure than his Maker? 18If God puts no trust in His servants, and He charges His angels with error, 19how much more those who dwell in houses of clay, whose foundations are in the dust, who can be crushed like a moth! 20They are smashed to pieces from dawn to dusk; unnoticed, they perish forever. 21Are not their tent cords pulled up, so that they die without wisdom?’ Footnotes: 15 a Or a wind Berean Standard Bible (BSB) printed 2016, 2020, 2022, 2025 by Bible Hub and Berean.Bible. Produced in cooperation with Bible Hub, Discovery Bible, unfoldingWord, Bible Aquifer, OpenBible.com, and the Berean Bible Translation Committee. This text of God's Word has been dedicated to the public domain. Free downloads and unlimited usage available. See also the Berean Literal Bible and Berean Interlinear Bible. Bible Hub Job 4 Summary Eliphaz: The Innocent Prosper Verses 1–2 – Eliphaz Breaks the Silence Eliphaz the Temanite speaks up, gently asking permission to share his thoughts even though words may weigh heavily on Job. He believes silence cannot help, so he risks speaking. Verses 3–6 – Remember Your Own Encouragements Eliphaz reminds Job of how he once strengthened others: “You have instructed many… Your words have steadied the tottering”. He urges Job to draw on that same courage now, hinting that fear and despair have rattled him. Verses 7–11 – The Moral Order: You Reap What You Sow Pointing to what he sees as a universal principle, Eliphaz asks, “Consider now: Who, being innocent, has ever perished?” (v. 7). He insists the wicked eventually face God’s justice; the roar of the lion (symbol of the wicked) dies down (vv. 10–11). Verses 12–16 – A Troubling Night Vision Eliphaz recounts a mysterious nighttime encounter: a whisper, stillness, trembling, a spirit passing before his face, and hair standing on end. In the dim form he hears a message from God. Verses 17–21 – The Message: Humanity Is Fragile and Faulty The voice asks, “Can a mortal be more righteous than God?” (v. 17). Even God’s angels are not flawless. Humans, made of dust, are as fragile as moth-eaten clothes; they crumble unremembered. Job Chapter 4 marks the beginning of the first cycle of dialogue between Job and his friends in the midst of his afflictions. The chapter showcases the perspective of Eliphaz the Temanite, who presents the argument that suffering is a form of divine discipline and that human righteousness has its limitations. Historical Setting • Job is set in the patriarchal period (roughly the time of Abraham, c. 2000 BC). Wealth is measured in livestock, not coins. • Eliphaz comes from Teman, a city linked with Edom (Genesis 36:11). Teman later became famous for wisdom (Jeremiah 49:7). • In ancient courts, elders often debated justice at the gate; the lengthy speeches in Job mirror that practice. Cultural Background on Friendship and Counsel • Mourning lasted seven days (Job 2:13). Friends were expected to comfort, yet also to correct if they believed sin was involved (Proverbs 27:6). • Honor culture prized verbal skill. A friend’s reproof, though painful, was considered loving (Proverbs 9:8-9). Eliphaz speaks from that framework. The Role of Dreams and Visions in the Ancient Near East • Nighttime revelations were taken seriously (Genesis 20:3; 41:1). Kings hired dream interpreters; Eliphaz assumes his vision carries divine weight. • Deuteronomy 13:1-3 later warns discernment is needed; a supernatural experience must line up with God’s character and prior revelation. Themes and Theology 1. Retributive Justice – Eliphaz is convinced good is rewarded and evil punished (Galatians 6:7). Yet the rest of the book will test that assumption. 2. Human Frailty – Psalm 103:14 echoes, “He knows our frame; He remembers that we are dust.” 3. God’s Transcendence – The question “Can a mortal be more righteous than God?” underlines His absolute moral authority (Romans 9:20). Key Words and Phrases • “Innocent” (v. 7) – one free from guilt. • “Roaring lion” (v. 10) – a metaphor for ferocious sinners (Psalm 22:13; 1 Peter 5:8). • “Spirit” (v. 15) – Hebrew ruach, can mean wind, breath, or a supernatural being. Cross-References • Job 4:6 ↔ Hebrews 10:35 – confidence should not be cast away. • Job 4:8 ↔ Hosea 10:13 – “You have plowed wickedness, you have reaped injustice.” • Job 4:17 ↔ Romans 3:23 – “all have sinned and fall short of the glory of God.” Archaeology and Geography • Teman’s ruins lie in modern-day Jordan. Excavations show trade wealth and fortified walls, explaining Eliphaz’s status. • Iconography of lions found in Edomite seals matches Eliphaz’s imagery of lion cubs and broken teeth. Lessons for Today • Comforters need empathy before analysis; Eliphaz leads with doctrine, not compassion (2 Corinthians 1:4). • Personal experiences, even supernatural ones, must be tested against God’s word (1 John 4:1). • Suffering is not always linked to personal sin; Jesus corrects the disciples’ similar assumption in John 9:1-3. Conclusion Job 4 opens the debate on suffering and justice. Eliphaz, confident in a tidy moral order, challenges Job to examine himself. The chapter invites readers to wrestle with the limits of human wisdom, the mystery of pain, and the greatness of God. Connections to Additional Scriptures James 1:19-20 My beloved brothers, understand this: Everyone should be quick to listen, slow to speak, and slow to anger, for man's anger does not bring about the righteousness that God desires. This passage encourages us to listen and respond thoughtfully, especially in times of others' suffering. Romans 8:28 And we know that God works all things together for the good of those who love Him, who are called according to His purpose. This verse reminds us of God's sovereign purpose, even in suffering. Matthew 7:1-2 Do not judge, or you will be judged. For with the same judgment you pronounce, you will be judged; and with the measure you use, it will be measured to you. This warns against making hasty judgments about others' circumstances. Teaching Points Eliphaz's Initial Response Eliphaz begins by acknowledging Job's past righteousness and his role in encouraging others (Job 4:3-4). He implies that Job's current suffering is inconsistent with his previous life of integrity. The Principle of Retribution Eliphaz suggests that suffering is a direct result of sin, stating, As I have observed, those who plow iniquity and those who sow trouble reap the same (Job 4:8). This reflects a common belief in the principle of retribution, where good is rewarded and evil is punished. Vision and Fear Eliphaz recounts a mysterious vision that instills fear, suggesting that no one is pure before God (Job 4:12-17). This vision serves to reinforce his belief in human frailty and divine justice. Misapplication of Truth While Eliphaz speaks some truths about God's holiness and human imperfection, he misapplies these truths to Job's situation, assuming Job's suffering is due to personal sin. Practical Applications Approach with Compassion When comforting others, prioritize empathy and understanding over quick judgments or explanations. Avoid Assumptions Be cautious of assuming that suffering is always a direct result of personal sin. Recognize the complexity of God's purposes and the reality of living in a fallen world. Seek God's Wisdom In times of confusion or distress, seek God's wisdom through prayer and Scripture rather than relying solely on human reasoning or experiences. Encourage with Truth Use Scripture to encourage and uplift others, ensuring that it is applied appropriately to their situation. People 1. Eliphaz the Temanite Eliphaz is one of Job's three friends who come to comfort him after his calamities. In Job 4, Eliphaz is the first to speak, beginning a series of dialogues between Job and his friends. He is portrayed as a wise and respected figure, likely due to his age and experience. Eliphaz's speech in this chapter suggests that he believes suffering is a result of sin, reflecting a common theological perspective of the time. His approach is to encourage Job to consider his ways and to seek God's favor. The name "Eliphaz" in Hebrew (אֱלִיפַז) can be understood as "God is fine gold" or "God is my strength," indicating a person of strong faith or divine insight. In Job 4, Eliphaz's speech is characterized by a mix of empathy and admonition, as he attempts to explain Job's suffering through a theological lens that emphasizes divine justice and retribution. Places In Job 4, there are no specific geographical places mentioned. The chapter primarily consists of a dialogue where Eliphaz the Temanite speaks to Job, offering his perspective on Job's suffering. Since there are no places listed in this chapter, a numbered list of places cannot be provided. If you have any other questions or need further information, feel free to ask! Events 1. Eliphaz Begins to Speak Eliphaz the Temanite, one of Job's friends, begins his discourse. He is the first of Job's friends to respond to Job's lament. Eliphaz's speech is intended to offer counsel and insight into Job's suffering. 2. Eliphaz Questions Job's Reaction Eliphaz questions Job's response to his suffering, suggesting that Job, who has instructed and strengthened many, is now faltering under his own trials. He implies that Job's reaction is inconsistent with his past behavior. (Job 4:3-5) 3. Assertion of the Innocent's Security Eliphaz asserts that the innocent and upright are not destroyed, implying that suffering is a result of wrongdoing. He suggests that those who sow trouble will reap it, indicating a belief in retributive justice. (Job 4:7-8) 4. Vision of a Spirit Eliphaz recounts a mystical experience where a spirit passed before his face, causing his hair to stand on end. This vision is meant to lend authority to his words and to convey a divine message. (Job 4:15-16) 5. The Spirit's Message The spirit questions whether a mortal can be more righteous than God or purer than his Maker. This rhetorical question emphasizes the holiness and perfection of God compared to human frailty. (Job 4:17) 6. Human Frailty Highlighted Eliphaz underscores the frailty and impermanence of humans, comparing them to houses of clay. He suggests that humans are easily crushed and perish without wisdom, reinforcing the idea of human limitations. (Job 4:19-21) Lessons from Job 4 1. The Importance of Encouragement Eliphaz begins by acknowledging Job's past role as a source of encouragement to others: "Behold, you have instructed many, and have strengthened the weak hands" (Job 4:3). This reminds us of the power of encouragement and how uplifting others can be a vital part of our walk in faith. Encouragement is a gift that can sustain others in their trials. 2. The Reality of Human Frailty Eliphaz points out the frailty of human nature: "But now it has come upon you, and you are weary; it touches you, and you are dismayed" (Job 4:5). This serves as a reminder that no one is immune to hardship. Recognizing our own vulnerability can lead us to rely more on God's strength. 3. The Call to Trust in God Eliphaz challenges Job to remember his own teachings and trust in God: "Is not your reverence your confidence, and the integrity of your ways your hope?" (Job 4:6). Trusting in God, even when circumstances are dire, is a cornerstone of faith. It is through trust that we find hope and assurance. 4. The Principle of Reaping What You Sow Eliphaz suggests a principle of divine justice: "As I have observed, those who plow iniquity and those who sow trouble reap the same" (Job 4:8). While this is not always a direct cause-and-effect in life, it highlights the biblical truth that our actions have consequences, and living righteously is always the best path. 5. The Sovereignty of God Eliphaz speaks of the power of God: "By the breath of God they perish, and by the blast of His anger they are consumed" (Job 4:9). This underscores the sovereignty of God over all creation. Recognizing His ultimate authority can bring peace, knowing that He is in control. 6. The Mystery of Divine Wisdom Eliphaz shares a vision that emphasizes the mystery of God's wisdom: "Can a mortal be more righteous than God, or a man more pure than his Maker?" (Job 4:17). This reminds us that God's wisdom is beyond our understanding, and humility is essential in our relationship with Him. 7. The Fragility of Life Eliphaz reflects on the transient nature of life: "They are broken in pieces from morning till evening; unnoticed, they perish forever" (Job 4:20). This serves as a poignant reminder to cherish each day and live purposefully, knowing that our time on earth is limited. 8. The Need for Humility Eliphaz's words highlight the need for humility before God: "If He puts no trust in His servants and charges His angels with error" (Job 4:18). Recognizing our limitations and imperfections can lead us to a deeper dependence on God's grace and mercy. 9. The Value of Reflection Eliphaz encourages Job to reflect on his situation: "Call now, is there anyone who will answer you? And to which of the holy ones will you turn?" (Job 4:1). Reflection is a valuable practice that can lead to greater understanding and spiritual growth, especially during trials. 10. The Assurance of God's Presence While Eliphaz's counsel is not perfect, it points to a deeper truth: God is always present. Even when we feel alone in our struggles, we can be assured that God is with us, guiding and sustaining us through every challenge. These lessons from Job 4 remind us of the enduring truths found in Scripture, encouraging us to live with faith, humility, and trust in God's perfect plan. Topics 1. Eliphaz's Opening Remarks Eliphaz the Temanite begins his discourse by addressing Job, expressing hesitation but feeling compelled to speak. He acknowledges Job's past role as a counselor and encourager to others. ^"If someone ventures a word with you, will you be impatient? Yet who can keep from speaking?"^ (Job 4:2) 2. The Principle of Retribution Eliphaz introduces the idea that suffering is a result of sin, suggesting that the innocent do not perish and the upright are not destroyed. This reflects the retributive justice belief common in ancient wisdom literature. ^"Consider now: Who, being innocent, has ever perished? Or where have the upright been destroyed?"^ (Job 4:7) 3. Observations from Experience Eliphaz shares his observations, implying that those who sow trouble and wickedness will reap the same. This is rooted in the Hebrew concept of "measure for measure" justice. ^"As I have observed, those who plow iniquity and those who sow trouble reap the same."^ (Job 4:8) 4. Divine Justice and Fear of God Eliphaz emphasizes the fear of God and His justice, suggesting that God's actions are always just and that humans should maintain reverence and fear. ^"By the breath of God they perish, and by the blast of His anger they are consumed."^ (Job 4:9) 5. A Vision and Its Implications Eliphaz recounts a mysterious vision that instilled fear in him, conveying the message of human frailty and the impossibility of being more righteous than God. This vision underscores the Hebrew understanding of divine transcendence. ^"Can a mortal be more righteous than God, or a man more pure than his Maker?"^ (Job 4:17) 6. Human Frailty and Mortality The chapter concludes with Eliphaz reflecting on the fragility of human life, likening humans to houses of clay. This imagery highlights the Hebrew view of human beings as created from dust and inherently weak. ^"How much more those who dwell in houses of clay, whose foundations are in the dust, who can be crushed like a moth!"^ (Job 4:19) Themes 1. The Imperfection of Human Wisdom Eliphaz begins his discourse by acknowledging the limitations of human understanding. He questions, "Can a mortal be more righteous than God, or a man more pure than his Maker?" (Job 4:17). This theme highlights the belief that human wisdom is inherently flawed compared to divine wisdom. The Hebrew word for "mortal" (אֱנוֹשׁ, enosh) emphasizes human frailty. 2. The Consequences of Sin Eliphaz suggests that suffering is a result of sin, implying that Job's afflictions may be due to his own wrongdoing. He states, "As I have observed, those who plow iniquity and those who sow trouble reap the same" (Job 4:8). This reflects the retributive justice theme, where actions have direct consequences. 3. The Transience of Human Life Eliphaz reflects on the fleeting nature of human existence, saying, "They perish forever, with no one regarding them" (Job 4:20). This theme underscores the temporary and fragile nature of life, a common motif in wisdom literature. The Hebrew root for "perish" (אָבַד, abad) conveys a sense of being lost or destroyed. 4. The Fear of God Eliphaz emphasizes the importance of fearing God as a foundation for wisdom and understanding. He implies that reverence for God is crucial for a righteous life. Although not directly quoted in this chapter, the concept is woven into his argument about divine justice and human conduct. 5. Divine Justice Eliphaz argues that God is just and that He does not act wickedly. He implies that Job's suffering must be a result of divine justice. This theme is encapsulated in his rhetorical question, "Is not your reverence your confidence, and the integrity of your ways your hope?" (Job 4:6). The Hebrew word for "integrity" (תֹּם, tom) suggests completeness or moral innocence. Prayer Points Pray for wisdom and discernment in comforting those who are suffering, asking God to guide your words and actions. Ask God to reveal any areas where you may have misjudged others or misunderstood His purposes. Pray for a deeper understanding of God's character and His ways, especially in the midst of trials. Seek God's help in being a source of encouragement and truth to those around you, reflecting His love and compassion. Answering Tough Questions 1. In Job 4:7, how could Eliphaz assert that no innocent person has ever perished when history shows countless examples of righteous people suffering? 2. In Job 4:15–16, is the description of a spirit encounter credible or scientifically verifiable, or could it be a hallucination or vision? 3. Why does Job 4 seem to contradict other biblical teachings, such as the Book of Psalms, that the righteous can and do suffer? 4. In Job 4:17, how can humans be declared unjust by default if the text elsewhere affirms God’s love and mercy toward humanity? 5. Does the overwhelmingly negative view of human nature in Job 4 conflict with archaeological or historical evidence of altruistic behavior in ancient societies? Bible Study Discussion Questions 1. Why does Eliphaz feel the need to remind Job of his past deeds? How would you remind a suffering friend of their strengths? 2. How does Eliphaz's view of suffering align with or differ from yours? 3. In the context of the divine justice Eliphaz describes, what implications would that have on our understanding of good and evil? 4. How do you interpret the nocturnal vision that Eliphaz shares? How does this contribute to the theme of divine wisdom? 5. What does Eliphaz's view of human fragility in the face of God's power mean to you? 6. How does the dialogue in Job 4 help you understand the character of God according to Eliphaz? 7. In what ways has suffering led to wisdom or understanding in your own life? 8. How would you respond to a friend who, like Eliphaz, suggested your trials were due to some hidden sin? 9. What is your perspective on the concept of divine discipline? How does it align with or differ from the view presented in Job 4? 10. How does the vision in Job 4 expand or challenge your view of humanity's place in the universe? 11. In modern times, how can we reconcile the idea of a loving God with the notion of suffering as divine retribution? 12. What lessons about friendship and counsel can you draw from Eliphaz's approach to Job? 13. How do you perceive the balance between human righteousness and divine righteousness as presented in this chapter? 14. Eliphaz uses nature as a metaphor to illustrate divine justice. Can you identify contemporary metaphors that could serve the same purpose? 15. How might Eliphaz's discourse influence Job's perception of his predicament? 16. How does the concept of suffering presented in Job 4 relate to contemporary discussions on human suffering and evil? 17. Eliphaz emphasizes the fallibility of humans in comparison to God. How does this perspective influence your understanding of your relationship with God? 18. How can Eliphaz's advice be interpreted in the context of modern, everyday struggles? 19. Is there a difference between admitting human limitations and accepting suffering as divine punishment? How would you navigate this difference? 20. If you were to empathize with both Job and Eliphaz, how would you approach this dialogue, and what wisdom can be extracted from both perspectives? Bible Hub Chapter Summaries and Bible Study Questions