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A Greeting from the Elder (2 John 1:1–3) 1The elder, To the beloved Gaius, whom I love in the truth: 2Beloved, I pray that in every way you may prosper and enjoy good health, as your soul also prospers. 3For I was overjoyed when the brothers came and testified about your devotion to the truth, in which you continue to walk. 4I have no greater joy than to hear that my children are walking in the truth. Gaius Commended for Hospitality 5Beloved, you are faithful in what you are doing for the brothers, and especially since they are strangers to you. 6They have testified to the church about your love. You will do well to send them on their way in a manner worthy of God. 7For they went out on behalf of the Name, accepting nothing from the Gentiles. 8Therefore we ought to support such men, so that we may be fellow workers for the truth. Diotrephes and Demetrius 9I have written to the church about this,a but Diotrephes, who loves to be first, will not accept our instruction. 10So if I come, I will call attention to his malicious slander against us. And unsatisfied with that, he refuses to welcome the brothers and forbids those who want to do so, even putting them out of the church. 11Beloved, do not imitate what is evil, but what is good. The one who does good is of God; the one who does evil has not seen God. 12Demetrius has received a good testimony from everyone, and from the truth itself. We also testify for him, and you know that our testimony is true. Conclusion (2 John 1:12–13) 13I have many things to write to you, but I would prefer not to do so with pen and ink. 14Instead, I hope to see you soon and speak with you face to face.b Peace to you. The friends here send you greetings. Greet each of our friends there by name. Footnotes: 9 a Literally I have written something to the church 14 b Literally and we will speak mouth to mouth; some translators begin a new verse (15) after face to face. Berean Standard Bible (BSB) printed 2016, 2020, 2022, 2025 by Bible Hub and Berean.Bible. Produced in cooperation with Bible Hub, Discovery Bible, unfoldingWord, Bible Aquifer, OpenBible.com, and the Berean Bible Translation Committee. This text of God's Word has been dedicated to the public domain. Free downloads and unlimited usage available. See also the Berean Literal Bible and Berean Interlinear Bible. Bible Hub 3 John 1 Summary Commendations and Warnings Verses 1–2 – Greeting and Blessing John, “the elder,” greets his dear friend Gaius, affirming his love “in truth” and praying that Gaius’ physical health might match the well-being of his soul. Verses 3–4 – Joy over Gaius’ Walk Traveling believers have reported to John that Gaius is “walking in the truth.” John bursts with joy, saying he has no greater happiness than to hear that his children live this way. Verses 5–8 – Commendation of Hospitality Gaius has shown faithful care for both known brothers and complete strangers. Because the missionaries “went out for the sake of the Name, accepting nothing from the Gentiles,” John urges the church to support such workers so they all become “fellow workers for the truth.” Verses 9–10 – Warning about Diotrephes A previous letter was ignored by Diotrephes, who “loves to be first.” He rejects John’s authority, spreads lies, refuses to welcome traveling teachers, and even expels those who do. John promises to call him to account if he visits. Verses 11–12 – Example to Follow: Demetrius John tells Gaius not to imitate evil but good. Demetrius stands as the positive example—praised by everyone, by “the truth itself,” and by John’s own testimony. Verses 13–15 – Final Words and Blessing John has much more to say but prefers a face-to-face visit. He closes: “Peace be with you. The friends here send you greetings. Greet each of our friends there by name.” 3 John, the shortest book in the New Testament, is a letter written by the Apostle John. This personal letter revolves around the themes of truth, love, and hospitality, and offers a compelling view of the early Christian community's dynamics, specifically addressing the behaviours of Gaius, Diotrephes, and Demetrius. Authorship and Date • Internal style, vocabulary, and tone align with 1 John and 2 John, pointing to the apostle John late in life, likely from Ephesus around A.D. 85-95. • Early church writers such as Irenaeus and Eusebius treat the epistle as Johannine, and fragments appear in second-century papyri. • The self-designation “the elder” fits an apostle who by this point is the last living eyewitness of Jesus (cf. John 21:23-24). Recipient: Gaius • “Gaius” was a common Roman name; Acts 19:29; 20:4; and Romans 16:23 each mention a different man by that name. Nothing here demands he be any of those, though Romans 16:23’s Gaius was known for hospitality, a fitting echo. • He likely led or hosted a house church in an Asia Minor city under John’s oversight. • John’s prayer for Gaius’ physical health (v. 2) reminds us that God cares for bodies as well as souls (Psalm 103:2-5; 1 Corinthians 6:19-20). Historical Context: Traveling Teachers and Hospitality • First-century missionaries relied on local believers for food, lodging, and safe escort (Matthew 10:11; Acts 16:15). Inns were scarce, costly, and often immoral. • A “letter of recommendation” (cf. 2 Corinthians 3:1; Romans 16:1) confirmed a traveler’s authenticity. John’s commendation of Demetrius serves that purpose. • Support was financial and relational. By sharing resources, local believers became partners in gospel work (Philippians 4:15-17). • Refusing help, as Diotrephes did, cut off missionary advance and splintered the church network. Character Profiles: Gaius, Diotrephes, Demetrius • Gaius – models truth, love, and open-handed generosity (compare Hebrews 13:2; 1 Peter 4:9). • Diotrephes – embodies selfish ambition and authoritarian control (contrast 1 Peter 5:2-3; Mark 10:42-45). His attitude foreshadows later church power struggles. • Demetrius – possibly the courier of the letter. His triple endorsement bolsters his ministry against any suspicion stirred by Diotrephes. Key Themes: Truth, Love, Hospitality, Church Order • Truth and love must walk together; John’s letters always couple them (3 John 1:1; 2 John 1:3). • Hospitality is not optional politeness but kingdom partnership (Romans 12:13; 1 Timothy 3:2). • Good vs. evil: deeds reveal lineage—“the one who does good is from God” (v. 11; cf. 1 John 3:10). • Authority in the church is to be humble and accountable, never domineering (v. 9; see Titus 1:7). Connections to Other Scriptures • 2 John warns against aiding false teachers; 3 John encourages aiding true ones—two sides of discernment. • The Name (v. 7) recalls Acts 5:41 and Philippians 2:9, centering ministry on Jesus’ honor. • The phrase “walking in the truth” parallels Psalm 26:3 and 2 John 1:4. • John’s wish for bodily health echoes Proverbs 3:7-8 and 1 Timothy 4:8. • The tension between Diotrephes and John mirrors Paul’s struggle with proud leaders at Corinth (3 John 1:9-10; 2 Corinthians 10:10-12). Practical Applications for Today 1. Encourage and finance faithful missionaries; your support makes you a “fellow worker.” 2. Value both physical well-being and spiritual growth; pray for both in others. 3. Keep ambition in check; leadership seeks to serve, not dominate. 4. Test testimonies by truth. A good report from Scripture, from the wider church, and from daily life still validates ministry. 5. Use names. John greets friends “by name,” showing that personal connection matters. Archaeological and Cultural Insights • Excavations in Ephesus and surrounding towns reveal spacious homes that doubled as meeting places, fitting Gaius’ role as host. • Roman roads like the Via Egnatia and the coastal routes through Asia Minor facilitated itinerant ministry; milestones inscribed with imperial slogans contrast with missionaries “going out for the sake of the Name,” not the emperor. • Wax tablets and ostraca show how expensive writing materials were, explaining John’s preference for face-to-face talk over more ink (v. 13). • First-century graffiti includes Christian symbols near inns, hinting at the moral decline of public lodging that made Christian hospitality so vital. Connections to Additional Scriptures Walking in Truth John 8:31-32 - Jesus speaks about the freedom that comes from knowing and living in the truth. Hospitality Hebrews 13:2 - Encourages believers to show hospitality, as some have entertained angels without knowing it. Humility and Leadership Philippians 2:3-4 - Paul exhorts believers to do nothing out of selfish ambition but to value others above themselves. Good Testimony 1 Timothy 3:7 - Paul advises that a leader must have a good reputation with outsiders. Teaching Points The Joy of Walking in Truth John expresses great joy in hearing that Gaius is walking in the truth (3 John 1:3). This highlights the importance of living a life consistent with the teachings of Christ. The Importance of Hospitality John commends Gaius for his hospitality towards traveling teachers and missionaries, emphasizing that such actions are a demonstration of faith and love (3 John 1:5-8). The Contrast of Good and Evil John contrasts the behavior of Diotrephes, who loves to be first and does not welcome the brethren, with that of Demetrius, who is well spoken of by everyone (3 John 1:9-12). This serves as a reminder to choose humility and goodness over pride and selfishness. The Role of Testimony The letter underscores the significance of a good testimony, both from fellow believers and from the truth itself (3 John 1:12). Practical Applications Live in Truth Strive to align your daily actions and decisions with the truth of God's Word, ensuring that your life reflects His teachings. Practice Hospitality Open your home and heart to others, especially those who are serving the Lord, as a practical expression of your faith. Discern Leadership Be discerning about the leaders you follow, choosing those who exemplify Christ-like humility and integrity. Value a Good Testimony Work towards maintaining a good reputation among believers and non-believers alike, as it reflects the truth of the Gospel. People 1. The Elder The author of the letter, traditionally understood to be the Apostle John. The term "elder" (Greek: πρεσβύτερος, presbyteros) indicates a position of authority and respect within the early Christian community. 2. Gaius The recipient of the letter, described as "the beloved" (Greek: ἀγαπητός, agapētos), indicating a close and affectionate relationship with the Elder. Gaius is commended for his faithfulness and hospitality. 3. Diotrephes Mentioned as someone who "loves to be first" (Greek: φιλοπρωτεύων, philoprōteuōn) and is criticized for rejecting the Elder's authority, spreading malicious gossip, and refusing to welcome other believers. 4. Demetrius Commended by the Elder, Demetrius is noted for having a good testimony from everyone and from the truth itself. His character is presented as a positive contrast to Diotrephes. Places 1. Gaius's Location While the specific location of Gaius is not mentioned in 3 John, he is the recipient of the letter. The letter is addressed to him, indicating that he is a leader or member of a local church. The exact location is not specified in the text. 2. Diotrephes's Location Similar to Gaius, Diotrephes is mentioned in the letter, but his specific location is not detailed. He is noted for his opposition to the author and his negative influence in the church community. 3. Demetrius's Location Demetrius is commended in the letter, but again, no specific geographical location is provided. He is likely part of the same or a nearby community as Gaius and Diotrephes. The letter of 3 John is more focused on the relationships and behaviors within the early Christian community rather than specific geographical locations. The absence of specific place names suggests that the letter was intended to address issues that were common across various early Christian communities. Events 1. Greeting from the Elder The letter begins with a greeting from "the elder" to "the beloved Gaius," whom he loves in truth (3 John 1:1). The term "elder" (Greek: πρεσβύτερος, presbyteros) indicates a position of authority and respect within the early Christian community. 2. Prayer for Prosperity and Health The elder expresses a prayer that Gaius may prosper in all things and be in good health, just as his soul prospers (3 John 1:2). This reflects a holistic concern for both physical and spiritual well-being. 3. Rejoicing in Truth The elder rejoices greatly upon hearing from the brothers that Gaius is walking in the truth (3 John 1:3). The Greek word for "truth" (ἀλήθεια, aletheia) emphasizes the importance of living in accordance with the teachings of Christ. 4. No Greater Joy The elder states that he has no greater joy than to hear that his children are walking in the truth (3 John 1:4). This underscores the deep spiritual connection and responsibility felt by the elder towards those he mentors. 5. Commendation of Gaius' Hospitality Gaius is commended for his faithful work in showing hospitality to the brothers, even though they are strangers to him (3 John 1:5). Hospitality was a crucial aspect of early Christian practice, reflecting the Greek concept of φιλοξενία (philoxenia), or love for strangers. 6. Support for Missionaries The elder encourages Gaius to continue supporting these traveling missionaries in a manner worthy of God, as they have gone out for the sake of the Name, accepting nothing from the Gentiles (3 John 1:6-7). This highlights the importance of supporting those who spread the Gospel. 7. Call to Imitate Good The elder advises that believers should support such people, so that they may be fellow workers for the truth (3 John 1:8). This call to action emphasizes the communal effort in advancing the Christian mission. 8. Condemnation of Diotrephes The elder criticizes Diotrephes, who loves to be first and does not acknowledge the authority of the elder (3 John 1:9). Diotrephes' behavior is contrasted with the humility and service expected of Christian leaders. 9. Rejection of Authority and Malicious Words Diotrephes is further condemned for spreading malicious words against the elder and refusing to welcome the brothers, even expelling those who wish to do so from the church (3 John 1:10). This reflects a serious breach of Christian conduct and community. 10. Commendation of Demetrius The elder commends Demetrius, who is well spoken of by everyone and by the truth itself (3 John 1:12). This serves as a positive example of a faithful Christian witness. 11. Conclusion and Final Greetings The letter concludes with the elder expressing his desire to speak face to face rather than write more with pen and ink, and he sends peace and greetings from mutual friends (3 John 1:13-14). This personal touch highlights the relational aspect of early Christian communities. Lessons from 3 John 1 1. Walk in Truth In 3 John 1:4, the apostle John expresses his joy in hearing that his children are "walking in the truth." This is a reminder that living a life grounded in truth is not just a personal victory but a communal joy. Walking in truth means aligning our lives with the teachings of Scripture, allowing it to guide our decisions and actions. As we walk in truth, we reflect the light of Christ to those around us, becoming beacons of hope and integrity in a world often clouded by confusion. 2. Show Hospitality John commends Gaius for his hospitality in 3 John 1:5-6, highlighting the importance of welcoming and supporting fellow believers. Hospitality is more than just opening our homes; it's about opening our hearts. By showing kindness and generosity, we demonstrate the love of Christ, creating a community that reflects the unity and care found in the early church. Remember, "Do not neglect to show hospitality to strangers, for by so doing some people have entertained angels without knowing it" (Hebrews 13:2). 3. Support Fellow Workers In 3 John 1:8, John encourages believers to support those who are working for the truth. This support can be financial, emotional, or spiritual. By standing behind those who are spreading the Gospel, we become partners in their mission. Our contributions, no matter how small, help advance the Kingdom of God, reminding us that we are all part of a larger purpose. 4. Imitate Good, Not Evil John advises in 3 John 1:11, "Beloved, do not imitate what is evil, but what is good." This is a call to discernment and intentional living. By choosing to imitate good, we align ourselves with God's character and His will for our lives. This choice not only shapes our character but also influences those around us, encouraging them to pursue righteousness. 5. The Power of a Good Testimony In 3 John 1:12, Demetrius is praised for having a good testimony from everyone. A good reputation is invaluable and speaks volumes about our character and faith. Our actions and words should consistently reflect the love and truth of Christ, serving as a testament to His transformative power in our lives. Remember, "Let your light shine before others, that they may see your good deeds and glorify your Father in heaven" (Matthew 5:16). 6. The Importance of Truth in Love John's letter emphasizes the balance of truth and love. In 3 John 1:1, he addresses Gaius as "the beloved," showing that truth must be communicated with love. This balance is crucial in our interactions, ensuring that our words build up rather than tear down. Love without truth can lead to compromise, while truth without love can become harsh. Together, they create a powerful testimony of God's grace. 7. The Joy of Spiritual Growth John's joy in 3 John 1:4 over the spiritual growth of his children highlights the importance of nurturing our faith. Spiritual growth is a journey that requires dedication and intentionality. As we grow in our understanding of Scripture and deepen our relationship with God, we experience the joy and peace that comes from living in His will. This growth not only benefits us but also inspires others to pursue their own spiritual journeys. 8. The Role of Encouragement Throughout 3 John, John offers encouragement to Gaius, demonstrating the power of uplifting words. Encouragement is a vital part of the Christian community, providing strength and motivation to persevere in faith. By speaking life into others, we help them overcome challenges and remain steadfast in their walk with Christ. As Proverbs 12:25 says, "Anxiety weighs down the heart, but a kind word cheers it up." 9. The Danger of Pride John warns against the behavior of Diotrephes in 3 John 1:9-10, who loved to be first and rejected authority. Pride can be a stumbling block in our spiritual lives, leading to division and strife. By humbling ourselves and submitting to God's authority, we cultivate a spirit of unity and peace. Remember, "God opposes the proud but gives grace to the humble" (James 4:6). 10. The Value of Personal Connection John's desire to visit Gaius in person, as mentioned in 3 John 1:13-14, underscores the importance of personal connection. While letters and messages are valuable, face-to-face interactions foster deeper relationships and understanding. In our digital age, let's not forget the power of personal presence, which can convey love and support in ways that words alone cannot. As we invest in personal connections, we build a stronger, more vibrant community of faith. Topics 1. Greeting and Love in Truth (3 John 1:1-2) The letter begins with a greeting from "the elder" to "the beloved Gaius," whom he loves "in the truth." The Greek word for truth, "ἀλήθεια" (aletheia), emphasizes the sincerity and authenticity of Christian love and fellowship. 2. Joy in Walking in Truth (3 John 1:3-4) The elder expresses great joy upon hearing that Gaius is "walking in the truth." This reflects the importance of living according to the teachings of Christ, with "walking" (Greek: "περιπατέω," peripateo) symbolizing a continuous, active lifestyle of faith. 3. Support for Fellow Believers (3 John 1:5-8) Gaius is commended for his hospitality and support of traveling missionaries, described as "fellow workers for the truth." The passage highlights the Christian duty to support those spreading the Gospel, with "hospitality" (Greek: "φιλοξενία," philoxenia) being a key virtue. 4. Condemnation of Diotrephes (3 John 1:9-10) The elder criticizes Diotrephes for his pride and refusal to welcome fellow believers. Diotrephes' actions are contrary to Christian humility and community, with "prating" (Greek: "φλυαρέω," phlyareo) indicating malicious gossip. 5. Commendation of Demetrius (3 John 1:11-12) Demetrius is praised for his good testimony, serving as a positive example for others. The emphasis on a "good testimony" (Greek: "μαρτυρία," martyria) underscores the importance of a reputable Christian witness. 6. Final Greetings and Peace (3 John 1:13-15) The letter concludes with a desire to speak face-to-face and a blessing of peace. The closing emphasizes personal relationships and community within the church, with "peace" (Greek: "εἰρήνη," eirene) reflecting the harmony and well-being desired among believers. Themes 1. Truth and Faithfulness The theme of truth is central in 3 John. The apostle John expresses joy in hearing that Gaius is "walking in the truth" (3 John 1:3). The Greek word for truth, "ἀλήθεια" (aletheia), emphasizes not just factual correctness but living in accordance with the teachings of Christ. This theme underscores the importance of aligning one's life with the truth of the Gospel. 2. Hospitality and Support for Fellow Believers John commends Gaius for his hospitality towards traveling missionaries, stating, "You are faithful in what you are doing for the brothers, and they have testified to your love before the church" (3 John 1:5-6). The Greek term "φιλοξενία" (philoxenia) refers to the love of strangers, highlighting the Christian duty to support and care for fellow believers, especially those spreading the Gospel. 3. Imitation of Good John encourages believers to "do not imitate what is evil, but what is good" (3 John 1:11). The Greek word "μιμέομαι" (mimeomai) means to imitate or follow. This theme stresses the importance of emulating Christ-like behavior and virtues, as a reflection of one's faith and commitment to God. 4. Authority and Leadership in the Church The letter addresses issues of authority and leadership, particularly through the negative example of Diotrephes, who "loves to be first" and does not acknowledge the authority of John and his associates (3 John 1:9). This theme highlights the need for humility and proper respect for apostolic authority within the church community. 5. Testimony and Witness The concept of testimony is significant, as John mentions the positive testimony of Gaius and Demetrius (3 John 1:12). The Greek word "μαρτυρία" (martyria) refers to bearing witness. This theme emphasizes the importance of a good reputation and the impact of one's actions and character on the broader Christian witness. Prayer Points Pray for a Heart of Truth Ask God to help you walk in His truth daily and to reveal any areas where you may be straying. Pray for a Spirit of Hospitality Seek God's guidance in opening your home and life to others, especially those in ministry. Pray for Discernment Request wisdom to discern true and godly leadership in your church and community. Pray for a Good Testimony Ask God to help you maintain a testimony that honors Him and draws others to Christ. As we reflect on 3 John, may we be inspired to live lives marked by truth, hospitality, and a good testimony, all for the glory of God. Answering Tough Questions 1. How can we be certain the “elder” in 3 John 1 is truly the Apostle John given the lack of explicit identification? 2. If 3 John 1 is authentic, why does it omit any mention of Jesus’s teachings or miracles? 3. How do we reconcile the portrayal of Diotrephes in 3 John 1:9–10 with potential bias, since we only hear one side? 4. Why is there no clear historical or archaeological evidence confirming the exact circumstances described in 3 John 1? 5. How do we harmonize 3 John 1’s emphasis on truth and hospitality with other New Testament passages that appear to prioritize different virtues? Bible Study Discussion Questions 1. How does the Apostle John exemplify the bond between truth and love in his greeting to Gaius? 2. Reflect on the importance of hospitality in 3 John. How can we apply this in our current societal context? 3. What does Gaius’s treatment of the traveling teachers teach us about generosity in service? 4. Discuss the impact of Diotrephes’s behaviour on the early Christian community. What are similar situations in today's churches and how should they be addressed? 5. How does John's approach to addressing the issues caused by Diotrephes reflect his pastoral care? 6. Why do you think John decides to address Diotrephes's behavior in a letter instead of confronting him directly initially? 7. What does 3 John teach us about the balance between maintaining unity and confronting problematic behavior in a Christian community? 8. Explore the concept of "walking in the truth" as discussed in this book. 9. How does Demetrius’s good reputation influence your understanding of living a truthful and loving Christian life? 10. How can you, in your personal life, imitate good and shun evil as John advises Gaius? 11. How does 3 John emphasize the importance of personal contact and communication within a community? 12. What do you learn from 3 John about the nature and characteristics of early Christian communities? 13. In the face of opposition like that from Diotrephes, how should you respond as a believer? 14. Discuss the role of church leaders in fostering an environment of love, truth, and hospitality as presented in 3 John. 15. How can the teachings in 3 John be applied to address current global issues? 16. Based on 3 John, how would you handle a situation where a leader in your church or community is causing division? 17. How can the themes of love, truth, and hospitality be cultivated in your personal relationships and professional spaces? 18. How does the personal and situational nature of 3 John resonate with your own personal faith journey? 19. Drawing from John’s response to Diotrephes, how should modern churches handle cases of ego-driven leadership? 20. Reflecting on 3 John, how would you define 'living in the truth'? How can this be applied in contemporary society? Bible Hub Chapter Summaries and Bible Study Questions