◄ Revelation 22 ►
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Berean Standard Bible | Par ▾
The River of Life 1Then the angel showed me a river of the water of life, as clear as crystal, flowing from the throne of God and of the Lamb 2down the middle of the main street of the city. On either side of the river stood a tree of life, bearing twelve kinds of fruit and yielding a fresh crop for each month. And the leaves of the tree are for the healing of the nations. 3No longer will there be any curse. The throne of God and of the Lamb will be within the city, and His servants will worship Him. 4They will see His face, and His name will be on their foreheads. 5There will be no more night in the city, and they will have no need for the light of a lamp or of the sun. For the Lord God will shine on them, and they will reign forever and ever. Jesus Is Coming 6Then the angel said to me, “These words are faithful and true. The Lord, the God of the spirits of the prophets, has sent His angel to show His servants what must soona take place.” 7“Behold, I am coming soon. Blessed is the one who keeps the words of prophecy in this book.b” 8And I, John, am the one who heard and saw these things. And when I had heard and seen them, I fell down to worship at the feet of the angel who had shown me these things. 9But he said to me, “Do not do that! I am a fellow servant with you and your brothers the prophets, and with those who keep the words of this book. Worship God!” 10Then he told me, “Do not seal up the words of prophecy in this book, because the time is near. 11Let the unrighteous continue to be unrighteous, and the vile continue to be vile; let the righteous continue to practice righteousness, and the holy continue to be holy.” 12“Behold, I am coming soon, and My reward is with Me, to give to each one according to what he has done. 13I am the Alpha and the Omega, the First and the Last, the Beginning and the End.” 14Blessed are those who wash their robes,c so that they may have the right to the tree of life and may enter the city by its gates. 15But outside are the dogs, the sorcerers, the sexually immoral, the murderers, the idolaters, and everyone who loves and practices falsehood. 16“I, Jesus, have sent My angel to give you this testimony for the churches. I am the Root and the Offspring of David, the bright Morning Star.” 17The Spirit and the bride say, “Come!” Let the one who hears say, “Come!” And let the one who is thirsty come, and the one who desires the water of life drink freely. Nothing May Be Added or Removed 18I testify to everyone who hears the words of prophecy in this book: If anyone adds to them, God will add to him the plagues described in this book. 19And if anyone takes away from the words of this book of prophecy, God will take away his share in the tree of life and the holy city, which are described in this book. 20He who testifies to these things says, “Yes, I am coming soon.” Amen. Come, Lord Jesus! 21The grace of the Lord Jesusd be with all the saints.e Amen.f Footnotes: 6 a Or suddenly or quickly; similarly in verses 7, 12, and 20 7 b Or scroll; also in verses 9, 10, 18, 19 14 c BYZ and TR Blessed are those who do His commandments 21 d WH and BYZ the Lord Jesus Christ; TR our Lord Jesus Christ 21 e SBL, WH, NE, and TR do not include the saints. 21 f SBL, WH, NE, and NA do not include Amen. Berean Standard Bible (BSB) printed 2016, 2020, 2022, 2025 by Bible Hub and Berean.Bible. Produced in cooperation with Bible Hub, Discovery Bible, unfoldingWord, Bible Aquifer, OpenBible.com, and the Berean Bible Translation Committee. This text of God's Word has been dedicated to the public domain. Free downloads and unlimited usage available. See also the Berean Literal Bible and Berean Interlinear Bible. Bible Hub Revelation 22 Summary The River of Life Verses 1–2 – The River and the Tree of Life John sees a crystal-clear river pouring from the throne of God and of the Lamb, running right down the main street of the New Jerusalem. On both sides of the river stands the tree of life, producing twelve kinds of fruit—one for every month—and leaves that heal the nations. Verses 3–5 – The Throne and the Eternal Light Every trace of the curse is gone. God’s throne, shared with the Lamb, sits inside the city. His servants worship, see His face, and bear His name on their foreheads. Night disappears; God’s glory lights everything. His people reign with Him forever. Verses 6–7 – The Faithful Witness The angel affirms that every word is “faithful and true.” Jesus promises, “Behold, I am coming soon,” and calls the reader blessed for keeping the prophecy. Verses 8–9 – Worship Directed Rightly Overwhelmed, John bows before the angel but is corrected: “Do not do that! … Worship God!” Verses 10–11 – The Time Is Near Unlike Daniel’s sealed scroll, this book is to remain open because the hour is close. People will continue in righteousness or wrongdoing, but the moment of reckoning approaches. Verses 12–13 – The Rewarding Lord Jesus repeats His imminent return: “My reward is with Me… I am the Alpha and the Omega, the First and the Last, the Beginning and the End.” Verses 14–15 – The Blessed and the Shut Out Those who “wash their robes” gain access to the tree of life and the gates of the city. Outside remain all who cling to sin and lies. Verses 16–17 – The Spirit and the Bride Say, ‘Come’ Jesus identifies Himself as “the Root and the Offspring of David, the bright Morning Star.” The Spirit, the bride, and everyone who hears extend the invitation: “Come… take the water of life freely.” Verses 18–19 – The Solemn Warning No one may add to or subtract from this prophecy. Tampering brings the plagues or the loss of a share in the tree of life and the holy city. Verses 20–21 – The Final Promise and Benediction Jesus affirms, “Yes, I am coming soon.” John replies, “Amen. Come, Lord Jesus!” The letter closes with grace to all the saints. Revelation 22, the final chapter of the Book of Revelation, marks the conclusion of the apocalyptic vision granted to John. The chapter provides an enlightening glimpse into the idyllic eternal realm under the reign of God and the Lamb. It blends prophecy, warning, and an inviting call, ending with a profound emphasis on the impending return of Christ. Historical Context of Revelation • Written by the apostle John while exiled on Patmos (Revelation 1:9). • The churches of Asia Minor faced Roman pressure and local hostility (Revelation 2–3). Revelation’s closing chapter reminds suffering believers that God’s kingdom overturns every earthly threat. • The command not to seal the book (22:10) contrasts with Daniel 12:4, underscoring that the promised end is now in sight. Understanding the New Jerusalem Imagery • The city has already been described in chapter 21; chapter 22 shifts the camera to its main boulevard. • A single river running from God’s throne mirrors Eden’s source river (Genesis 2:10) yet far exceeds it—no branching, no pollution, no curse. • The throne belongs to both God and the Lamb, confirming the full deity of Christ (compare John 10:30). The River of Life in Scripture 1. Ezekiel 47:1-12 foresees water flowing from the temple that brings healing. 2. Psalm 46:4: “There is a river whose streams delight the city of God.” 3. John 7:38: “Whoever believes in Me… rivers of living water will flow from within him.” The final vision gathers these threads into one scene of perpetual life. The Tree of Life: From Genesis to Revelation • Genesis 3:22-24 showed humanity driven from the original tree. • Proverbs 3:18 and 11:30 use “tree of life” as a picture of wisdom and righteousness. • In Revelation 2:7 Jesus promised overcomers access to it. Chapter 22 fulfills that promise. The monthly crops hint at constant provision; the healing leaves show God’s heart for all nations (Isaiah 2:2-4). God’s Name on Their Foreheads • A reversal of the “mark of the beast” (Revelation 13:16-17). • Echoes the high priest’s gold plate inscribed “HOLY TO THE LORD” (Exodus 28:36-38). • Signals total belonging and protection (Revelation 3:12; 7:3). No More Curse • Genesis 3:14-19 introduced the curse; Revelation 22:3 erases it. • Romans 8:20-21 speaks of creation’s longing to be set free—realized here. • Zechariah 14:11 foresaw Jerusalem dwelling safely, “never again will it be destroyed.” The Nearness of Christ’s Return • “Soon” (Greek tachy) points to suddenness, not necessarily a date on our calendar. • 2 Peter 3:8-9 reminds us God’s timetable is different, yet sure. • The repeated “I am coming soon” (22:7, 12, 20) keeps believers watchful and hopeful. Invitation and Warning: Two Final Calls Blessing (22:14) and exclusion (22:15) sharpen the choice each reader faces. The invitation “Come!” is for the thirsty (Isaiah 55:1-3; John 4:13-14). The warning against altering Scripture guards the purity of God’s message, similar to Deuteronomy 4:2. Connections to Old Testament Prophecies • Isaiah 60-66: glory of a renewed Jerusalem, nations bringing their tribute. • Ezekiel 40-48: temple-city vision, healed land, allotments for tribes. • Zechariah 14: perpetual day, living waters flowing from Jerusalem. Revelation 22 gathers these promises into a single, final canvas. Archaeological and Cultural Background • Roman triumphal cities boasted marble avenues with central water channels; John’s audience would picture a heavenly answer to earthly grandeur. • In first-century Asia Minor, “imperial cult” inscriptions on foreheads or hands were linked to guild membership. God’s name on the forehead signals allegiance to the true King. • Public edicts often carried warnings not to be altered, similar to 22:18-19. Application for Believers Today • Worship God alone—angels, leaders, and experiences must not displace Him (22:8-9). • Hold the word intact; share it without trimming hard edges or adding fashionable ideas. • Live with eager expectation. Hope produces purity (1 John 3:3). • Extend the “Come” invitation. Evangelism flows out of certainty that Christ will return and that living water is free. Key Words and Phrases Alpha and Omega: first and last letters of the Greek alphabet, marking Jesus as the complete and eternal One. Morning Star: dawn signal; Christ guarantees the coming day (cf. 2 Peter 1:19). Wash their robes: vivid way to describe salvation through His blood (Revelation 7:14). Dogs: idiom for the impure (Deuteronomy 23:18; Philippians 3:2). Literary Echoes of Genesis Genesis opens with a garden, a river, and the tree of life; Revelation closes with them, minus the serpent and the curse. Humanity moves from exile to welcome, from hiding to seeing God’s face. Heavenly Worship The servants “will see His face” (22:4). Numbers 6:24-26 blesses Israel with God’s face shining on them; Revelation shows the ultimate fulfillment. Face-to-face fellowship is the goal of redemption. A Note on the Canon Warning The grave caution against adding or subtracting (22:18-19) echoes Deuteronomy 4:2 and 12:32. It underlines the finality of God’s revelation and the seriousness of tampering with His word. “Come, Lord Jesus!” ushers us from Scripture’s last line straight into daily longing. Until He appears, grace sustains, Scripture guides, and living water satisfies. Connections to Additional Scriptures Genesis 2:9 The tree of life in the Garden of Eden connects to the tree of life in Revelation 22, symbolizing the restoration of paradise. Isaiah 11:6-9 The peace and harmony described in Isaiah's vision of the new creation resonate with the healing and restoration in Revelation 22. John 4:14 Jesus' promise of living water to the Samaritan woman parallels the river of life flowing from God's throne. 1 Corinthians 13:12 The promise of seeing God's face in Revelation 22:4 echoes Paul's anticipation of seeing God face to face. Teaching Points The River of Life and the Tree of Life Revelation 22:1-2 describes a pure river of the water of life, clear as crystal, flowing from the throne of God and of the Lamb. The tree of life, bearing twelve kinds of fruit, yields its fruit every month, and its leaves are for the healing of the nations. The Absence of the Curse Verse 3 states, No longer will there be any curse. This signifies the complete removal of sin and its effects, restoring perfect fellowship with God. The Presence of God In verse 4, we read, They will see His face, and His name will be on their foreheads. This indicates an intimate and direct relationship with God, where believers will experience His presence eternally. The Eternal Reign Verse 5 promises, And they will reign forever and ever. This highlights the eternal nature of the believers' reign with Christ, emphasizing the permanence of God's kingdom. The Certainty of Christ's Return Verses 7, 12, and 20 emphasize the imminence of Christ's return, with the repeated assurance, Behold, I am coming soon. Practical Applications Live with Hope The vision of the new heaven and new earth should inspire us to live with hope and anticipation, knowing that our future is secure in Christ. Pursue Holiness As we await Christ's return, let us strive to live holy and blameless lives, reflecting the purity and righteousness of the new creation. Share the Gospel The promise of eternal life should motivate us to share the good news of Jesus Christ with others, inviting them to partake in the blessings of God's kingdom. Worship God The presence of God in the new creation calls us to a life of worship, both now and in eternity, as we respond to His grace and glory. People 1. The Angel The angel is a messenger who shows John the visions of the New Jerusalem and the river of the water of life. The Greek word for angel, "ἄγγελος" (angelos), means "messenger." 2. The Lord God Referred to as the one who gives light and reigns forever and ever. The term "Lord God" emphasizes His sovereignty and divine authority. 3. Jesus Jesus identifies Himself as the Alpha and the Omega, the First and the Last, the Beginning and the End. He is the central figure of the chapter, offering the promise of His return. The name "Jesus" is derived from the Hebrew "Yeshua," meaning "Yahweh is salvation." 4. John The apostle John is the author of Revelation, receiving and recording the visions. He is instructed by the angel and responds to the revelations. 5. The Prophets Mentioned as those whose words are trustworthy and true, emphasizing the continuity and fulfillment of biblical prophecy. 6. The Saints Referred to as those who wash their robes, granting them the right to the tree of life and entry into the city. The term "saints" comes from the Greek "ἅγιοι" (hagioi), meaning "holy ones." 7. The Spirit The Holy Spirit is involved in the invitation to come and take the water of life freely. The Greek word "πνεῦμα" (pneuma) is used for spirit, indicating breath or wind, symbolizing life and presence. 8. The Bride The Bride, representing the Church, joins the Spirit in inviting others to come. The imagery of the Bride is rooted in the Greek "νύμφη" (nymphē), symbolizing purity and union with Christ. Places 1. The River of the Water of Life Description: This river is described as "clear as crystal, flowing from the throne of God and of the Lamb" (Revelation 22:1). It symbolizes the life-giving presence of God, reminiscent of the rivers in Eden (Genesis 2:10) and Ezekiel's vision of a life-giving river (Ezekiel 47:1-12). The Greek word for "river" (ποταμός, potamos) emphasizes a continuous flow, indicating the perpetual sustenance provided by God. 2. The Tree of Life Description: Located on either side of the river, the Tree of Life bears "twelve kinds of fruit, yielding a fresh crop for each month" (Revelation 22:2). This tree represents eternal life and healing, echoing the Tree of Life in the Garden of Eden (Genesis 2:9). The Greek term for "life" (ζωή, zōē) underscores the divine quality of life that God imparts to His people. 3. The Throne of God and of the Lamb Description: The throne is the central place of authority and worship in the New Jerusalem, from which the river flows (Revelation 22:1, 3). It signifies the reign of God and Christ (the Lamb) over the new creation. The Greek word for "throne" (θρόνος, thronos) conveys the idea of sovereign rule and judgment. Events 1. The River of the Water of Life Revelation 22:1 - "Then the angel showed me a river of the water of life, as clear as crystal, flowing from the throne of God and of the Lamb." This verse describes a pure river symbolizing eternal life, originating from the divine throne, emphasizing the source of life as God and the Lamb (Jesus Christ). 2. The Tree of Life Revelation 22:2 - "down the middle of the main street of the city. On either side of the river stood a tree of life, bearing twelve kinds of fruit and yielding a fresh crop for each month. And the leaves of the tree are for the healing of the nations." The tree of life, reminiscent of the Garden of Eden, signifies perpetual sustenance and healing, with its twelve fruits representing completeness and abundance. 3. The Absence of the Curse Revelation 22:3 - "No longer will there be any curse. The throne of God and of the Lamb will be within the city, and His servants will worship Him." The removal of the curse signifies the restoration of creation, with God's presence among His people, highlighting eternal worship and service. 4. Seeing God's Face Revelation 22:4 - "They will see His face, and His name will be on their foreheads." This event signifies intimate fellowship with God, where believers will have direct access to Him, marked by His name as a sign of belonging and identity. 5. Eternal Light and Reign Revelation 22:5 - "There will be no more night in the city, and they will have no need for the light of a lamp or of the sun, for the Lord God will shine on them. And they will reign forever and ever." The absence of night symbolizes the end of darkness and evil, with God's eternal light providing illumination and believers reigning with Him perpetually. 6. The Angel's Assurance Revelation 22:6 - "Then the angel said to me, 'These words are faithful and true. The Lord, the God of the spirits of the prophets, has sent His angel to show His servants what must soon take place.'" The angel confirms the reliability of the prophecy, emphasizing its divine origin and the imminence of the events described. 7. The Imminent Return of Christ Revelation 22:7 - "'Behold, I am coming soon. Blessed is the one who keeps the words of prophecy in this book.'" Jesus declares His imminent return, blessing those who adhere to the prophetic words, underscoring the urgency and importance of readiness. 8. John's Worship and the Angel's Rebuke Revelation 22:8-9 - "And I am John, who heard and saw these things. And when I had heard and seen them, I fell down to worship at the feet of the angel who had shown me these things. But he said to me, 'Do not do that! I am a fellow servant with you and your brothers the prophets, and with those who keep the words of this book. Worship God!'" John mistakenly attempts to worship the angel, who redirects him to worship God alone, affirming the shared servitude among believers and heavenly beings. 9. The Command to Not Seal the Prophecy Revelation 22:10 - "Then he told me, 'Do not seal up the words of prophecy in this book, because the time is near.'" Unlike Daniel's sealed prophecy, this revelation is to remain open, indicating its relevance and urgency for the present time. 10. The Call to Righteousness and Warning Revelation 22:11-12 - "'Let the unrighteous continue to be unrighteous, and the vile continue to be vile; let the righteous continue to practice righteousness, and the holy continue to be holy.' 'Behold, I am coming soon, and My reward is with Me, to give to each one according to what he has done.'" A call to perseverance in righteousness, with a warning of impending judgment and reward based on one's deeds. 11. The Alpha and Omega Declaration Revelation 22:13 - "'I am the Alpha and the Omega, the First and the Last, the Beginning and the End.'" Jesus affirms His eternal nature and sovereignty over all creation, from beginning to end. 12. Blessing for the Righteous Revelation 22:14 - "Blessed are those who wash their robes, so that they may have the right to the tree of life and may enter the city by its gates." A blessing for those purified by Christ, granting them access to eternal life and the heavenly city. 13. Exclusion of the Wicked Revelation 22:15 - "Outside are the dogs, the sorcerers, the sexually immoral, the murderers, the idolaters, and everyone who loves and practices falsehood." A warning of exclusion from the holy city for those who persist in sin and deception. 14. Jesus' Testimony Revelation 22:16 - "'I, Jesus, have sent My angel to give you this testimony for the churches. I am the Root and the Offspring of David, the bright Morning Star.'" Jesus identifies Himself as the fulfillment of prophecy and the source of hope, affirming His messianic role. 15. The Invitation to Come Revelation 22:17 - "The Spirit and the bride say, 'Come!' Let the one who hears say, 'Come!' And let the one who is thirsty come, and the one who desires the water of life drink freely." An open invitation to all who seek salvation and eternal life, emphasizing the grace and accessibility of God's gift. 16. Warning Against Altering the Prophecy Revelation 22:18-19 - "I testify to everyone who hears the words of prophecy in this book: If anyone adds to them, God will add to him the plagues described in this book. And if anyone takes away from the words of this book of prophecy, God will take away his share in the tree of life and in the holy city, which are described in this book." A stern warning against tampering with the prophetic message, highlighting the sanctity and completeness of God's revelation. 17. The Final Promise and Prayer Revelation 22:20 - "He who testifies to these things says, 'Yes, I am coming soon.' Amen. Come, Lord Jesus!" Jesus reaffirms His imminent return, with a prayerful response from the church expressing longing for His coming. 18. The Benediction Revelation 22:21 - "The grace of the Lord Jesus be with all the saints. Amen." A closing benediction invoking Christ's grace upon all believers, sealing the message with a blessing. Lessons from Revelation 22 1. The Promise of Eternal Life Revelation 22 opens with a vision of the river of the water of life, clear as crystal, flowing from the throne of God and of the Lamb. This imagery reminds us of the eternal life promised to believers. As it is written, "And let the one who is thirsty come; and let the one who desires take the water of life without cost" (Revelation 22:17). This is a beautiful invitation to all who seek fulfillment and eternal joy in Christ. 2. The Restoration of Eden The chapter paints a picture of a restored Eden, with the tree of life bearing twelve kinds of fruit. This signifies the complete restoration of creation, where God’s original design is fulfilled. "On either side of the river stood a tree of life, bearing twelve kinds of fruit and yielding a fresh crop for each month" (Revelation 22:2). It’s a reminder that God’s plan is to restore all things to their intended glory. 3. The Absence of Curse In this new creation, there is no longer any curse. "No longer will there be any curse. The throne of God and of the Lamb will be within the city, and His servants will worship Him" (Revelation 22:3). This is a powerful reminder that through Christ, the curse of sin is broken, and we are free to live in His presence forever. 4. The Face of God One of the most profound promises is that we will see God’s face. "They will see His face, and His name will be on their foreheads" (Revelation 22:4). This speaks to the intimate relationship we will have with our Creator, a relationship that is personal and eternal. 5. The Eternal Light There will be no need for the sun or moon, for the Lord God will be our light. "There will be no more night in the city, and they will have no need for the light of a lamp or of the sun, for the Lord God will shine on them" (Revelation 22:5). This symbolizes the eternal presence and glory of God illuminating our lives. 6. The Imminence of Christ’s Return Revelation 22 emphasizes the nearness of Christ’s return. "Behold, I am coming soon! Blessed is the one who keeps the words of prophecy in this book" (Revelation 22:7). This is a call to live with urgency and readiness, keeping our hearts and lives aligned with His Word. 7. The Call to Worship God Alone John is reminded to worship God alone, not the angel delivering the message. "But he said to me, 'Do not do that! I am a fellow servant with you and your brothers the prophets, and with those who keep the words of this book. Worship God!'" (Revelation 22:9). This is a clear directive to focus our worship solely on God, avoiding distractions and idolatry. 8. The Invitation to All The Spirit and the bride say, "Come!" This invitation is extended to everyone. "The Spirit and the bride say, 'Come!' And let the one who hears say, 'Come!' Let the one who is thirsty come, and the one who desires the water of life drink freely" (Revelation 22:17). It’s a universal call to salvation, open to all who are willing to receive it. 9. The Warning Against Altering Scripture A stern warning is given against adding to or taking away from the words of this prophecy. "I warn everyone who hears the words of prophecy in this book: If anyone adds to them, God will add to him the plagues described in this book" (Revelation 22:18). This underscores the importance of preserving the integrity of God’s Word. 10. The Assurance of Christ’s Return The chapter closes with a powerful assurance: "He who testifies to these things says, 'Yes, I am coming soon.' Amen. Come, Lord Jesus!" (Revelation 22:20). This is a promise that fills us with hope and anticipation, knowing that our Savior will return to fulfill His promises and establish His eternal kingdom. Topics 1. The River of Life Revelation 22:1 describes "the river of the water of life, as clear as crystal, flowing from the throne of God and of the Lamb." This imagery reflects the Greek word "ζωή" (zoe), meaning life, symbolizing eternal life and purity emanating from God's presence. 2. The Tree of Life In Revelation 22:2, the "tree of life" is mentioned, bearing twelve kinds of fruit and yielding fruit every month. The Greek word "ξύλον" (xylon) for tree signifies a source of sustenance and healing, harking back to the Garden of Eden. 3. The Healing of the Nations The leaves of the tree are "for the healing of the nations" (Revelation 22:2). The Greek word "θεραπεία" (therapeia) implies restoration and wholeness, indicating God's plan for universal peace and reconciliation. 4. The Absence of the Curse Revelation 22:3 states, "No longer will there be any curse." The Greek word "κατάθεμα" (katathema) refers to the curse from Genesis, now lifted, signifying the complete redemption and restoration of creation. 5. The Throne of God and the Lamb The throne is central in Revelation 22:3, with God and the Lamb reigning. The Greek "θρόνος" (thronos) emphasizes authority and sovereignty, underscoring the divine rule in the new creation. 6. The Servants of God Revelation 22:3-4 mentions His servants will serve Him and see His face. The Greek "δουλεύω" (douleuo) for serve indicates worship and devotion, while seeing His face represents intimate fellowship with God. 7. The Name on Their Foreheads In Revelation 22:4, "His name will be on their foreheads," symbolizing identity and belonging. The Greek "ὄνομα" (onoma) signifies ownership and protection by God. 8. The Eternal Light Revelation 22:5 describes a place with no night, where "the Lord God will give them light." The Greek "φῶς" (phos) for light represents divine illumination and truth, eliminating darkness and ignorance. 9. The Eternal Reign The verse concludes with "they will reign forever and ever" (Revelation 22:5). The Greek "βασιλεύω" (basileuo) for reign indicates shared authority and eternal participation in God's kingdom. 10. The Faithful and True Words Revelation 22:6 emphasizes the reliability of the prophecy, stating, "These words are faithful and true." The Greek "πιστός" (pistos) and "ἀληθινός" (alethinos) affirm the trustworthiness and authenticity of God's revelation. 11. The Imminent Return of Christ In Revelation 22:7, Jesus declares, "Behold, I am coming soon." The Greek "ταχύ" (tachu) for soon conveys urgency and the certainty of Christ's return, encouraging readiness and vigilance. 12. The Blessing for Keeping the Prophecy Revelation 22:7 also promises a blessing for those who "keep the words of prophecy." The Greek "τηρέω" (tereo) means to guard or observe, highlighting the importance of obedience and faithfulness. 13. The Worship of God Alone In Revelation 22:8-9, John is corrected for worshiping the angel, who instructs him to "worship God." The Greek "προσκυνέω" (proskuneo) underscores the exclusive devotion due to God alone. 14. The Sealed Prophecy Revelation 22:10 instructs not to seal the prophecy, as "the time is near." The Greek "σφραγίζω" (sphragizo) for seal implies openness and accessibility, urging proclamation and understanding. 15. The Call to Righteousness Revelation 22:11 presents a call to righteousness, stating, "Let the righteous continue to practice righteousness." The Greek "δικαιοσύνη" (dikaiosyne) emphasizes living in accordance with God's standards. 16. The Rewards and Judgments Revelation 22:12 speaks of Christ bringing rewards, "to repay each one according to what he has done." The Greek "μισθός" (misthos) for reward indicates recompense based on deeds, affirming divine justice. 17. The Alpha and Omega In Revelation 22:13, Jesus identifies as "the Alpha and the Omega," the first and last letters of the Greek alphabet, symbolizing His eternal nature and sovereignty over all time. 18. The Blessedness of the Redeemed Revelation 22:14 describes those who "wash their robes" as blessed, granting them access to the tree of life. The Greek "μακάριος" (makarios) for blessed signifies divine favor and joy. 19. The Exclusion of the Wicked Revelation 22:15 lists those excluded from the holy city, emphasizing moral purity. The Greek "ἔξω" (exo) for outside denotes separation from God's presence due to sin. 20. The Testimony of Jesus Revelation 22:16 affirms Jesus as the source of the revelation, "I, Jesus, have sent My angel to give you this testimony." The Greek "μαρτυρία" (martyria) for testimony highlights the authoritative witness of Christ. 21. The Invitation to Come Revelation 22:17 extends an invitation, "Let the one who is thirsty come." The Greek "ἔρχομαι" (erchomai) for come signifies an open call to receive the free gift of life. 22. The Warning Against Altering the Prophecy Revelation 22:18-19 warns against adding or taking away from the prophecy, with severe consequences. The Greek "προστίθημι" (prostithēmi) and "ἀφαιρέω" (aphaireō) stress the integrity and completeness of God's word. 23. The Final Assurance of Christ's Return Revelation 22:20 reiterates the promise, "Yes, I am coming soon." The Greek "ναί" (nai) for yes affirms certainty, encouraging believers to anticipate Christ's imminent return. 24. The Benediction Revelation 22:21 concludes with a benediction, "The grace of the Lord Jesus be with all." The Greek "χάρις" (charis) for grace emphasizes unmerited favor and the sustaining presence of Christ with His people. Themes 1. The River of Life Revelation 22:1 describes "the river of the water of life, as clear as crystal, flowing from the throne of God and of the Lamb." This theme emphasizes the purity and life-giving nature of God's provision. The Greek word for "life" (ζωή, zōē) signifies not just physical life but a fullness of life that comes from God. 2. The Tree of Life In Revelation 22:2, the "tree of life" is mentioned, bearing twelve kinds of fruit and yielding its fruit every month. This symbolizes eternal sustenance and healing, reflecting the restoration of Eden. The Greek word for "healing" (θεραπεία, therapeia) suggests a therapeutic or restorative process. 3. The Absence of the Curse Revelation 22:3 states, "No longer will there be any curse." This theme highlights the complete removal of sin and its consequences, restoring the perfect relationship between God and humanity. The Greek word for "curse" (κατάθεμα, katathema) indicates a divine judgment that is now lifted. 4. The Presence of God and the Lamb The passage emphasizes the direct presence of God and the Lamb, with Revelation 22:3-4 stating, "The throne of God and of the Lamb will be within the city, and His servants will worship Him. They will see His face, and His name will be on their foreheads." This theme underscores the intimate and unmediated relationship believers will have with God. 5. Eternal Light and Reign Revelation 22:5 speaks of the absence of night and the eternal reign of God's people: "There will be no more night, and they will not need the light of a lamp or the light of the sun, for the Lord God will give them light. And they will reign forever and ever." The Greek word for "reign" (βασιλεύω, basileuō) indicates a royal authority granted to believers. 6. The Imminence of Christ’s Return The repeated declaration of Christ's imminent return is a key theme, as seen in Revelation 22:7, "Behold, I am coming soon!" This urgency is emphasized by the Greek word for "soon" (ταχύ, tachy), which conveys a sense of swiftness or immediacy. 7. The Call to Obedience and Worship Revelation 22:9 highlights the importance of worship and obedience: "Worship God!" This theme calls believers to a life of faithful service and reverence, aligning with the Greek word for "worship" (προσκυνέω, proskyneō), which means to bow down or show reverence. 8. The Invitation to Eternal Life In Revelation 22:17, the invitation is extended: "Let the one who is thirsty come; and let the one who desires take the water of life without cost." This theme emphasizes the free and open invitation to salvation and eternal life, with the Greek word for "desires" (θέλω, thelō) indicating a willing choice. 9. The Warning Against Altering the Prophecy Revelation 22:18-19 warns against adding to or taking away from the words of the prophecy. This theme stresses the importance of preserving the integrity of Scripture, with the Greek word for "add" (προστίθημι, prostithēmi) and "take away" (ἀφαιρέω, aphaireō) underscoring the seriousness of altering divine revelation. 10. The Assurance of Christ’s Return The chapter concludes with the assurance of Christ's return, as stated in Revelation 22:20, "Yes, I am coming soon." This theme reinforces the certainty and hope of Christ's second coming, encouraging believers to remain steadfast in their faith. Prayer Points Thanksgiving for God's Promises Thank God for the assurance of eternal life and the hope of the new creation. Desire for Christ's Return Pray for a longing in our hearts for Jesus' return and the fulfillment of His kingdom. Strength to Live Righteously Ask for the Holy Spirit's empowerment to live holy lives as we await the Lord's coming. Boldness in Evangelism Pray for courage and opportunities to share the gospel with those who have not yet heard. As we conclude our study of Revelation 22, may we be filled with hope, encouraged to live faithfully, and inspired to share the glorious message of salvation with the world. Answering Tough Questions 1. Revelation 22:2: Why would the nations need healing from the tree of life if pain and suffering are supposedly abolished at this point? 2. Revelation 22:5: How can there be no night in the new creation if day and night cycles are governed by planetary rotation? 3. Revelation 22:7: How is “I am coming soon” meaningful when almost two millennia have passed since these words were recorded? 4. Revelation 22:11: How can God allow the unjust to remain unjust if the purpose of scripture is moral transformation? 5. Revelation 22:18–19: If anyone who adds or removes words from this prophecy is cursed, how do we trust centuries of manuscript transmission to be accurate? Bible Study Discussion Questions 1. How does the depiction of the River and Tree of Life in verses 1-2 relate to the idea of God's continuous provision and sustenance? 2. In verses 3-5, what implications does the abolition of the curse of sin have on our understanding of the future kingdom? 3. What lessons can we draw from the angel's admonition to John in verses 8-9 about proper worship? 4. How does the urgency expressed in verses 10-11 apply to our modern world's understanding of morality and spiritual preparedness? 5. What does Christ's self-identification as the Alpha and Omega, the First and the Last, the Beginning and the End (verses 12-13) mean to you personally? 6. How can we "wash our robes" in our current lives, as mentioned in verse 14? 7. What does the concept of the 'free gift of the water of life' (verse 17) mean, and how does it relate to salvation? 8. In the context of verses 18-19, how important is it to handle the Word of God with integrity and truth, and what are the implications of not doing so? 9. Considering John's response to Jesus' affirmation in verse 20, how should we react and prepare for the Second Coming of Christ? 10. How does verse 21's benediction reflect our daily need for God's grace? 11. How can we, as modern believers, create a sense of urgency and readiness for Christ's return in our lives and in our communities? 12. How does Revelation 22 help shape your perspective on eternity? 13. How does the final invitation of the Spirit and the Bride (verse 17) demonstrate God's inclusive love? 14. How should the warnings and blessings in Revelation 22 guide our daily decisions and actions? 15. How can we apply the vision of the New Jerusalem in our understanding and expectations of Heaven? 16. In light of the imminent return of Christ, how should we engage with non-believers in our lives? 17. How does the Tree of Life in the New Jerusalem contrast with its first mention in Genesis? 18. How can the reassurance of God's eternal reign in verses 3-5 provide comfort in times of personal hardship or global unrest? 19. Given the dire consequences of altering prophecy in verses 18-19, what responsibility do we have when teaching or sharing the Bible? 20. In what practical ways can we strive to keep the prophecy and words of Revelation, as encouraged in verses 7 and 9? Bible Hub Chapter Summaries and Bible Study Questions