◄ Jeremiah 18 ►
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Berean Standard Bible | Par ▾
The Potter and the Clay 1This is the word that came to Jeremiah from the LORD: 2“Go down at once to the potter’s house, and there I will give you My message.” 3So I went down to the potter’s house and saw him working at the wheel. 4But the vessel that he was shaping from the clay became flawed in his hand; so he formed it into another vessel, as it seemed best for him to do. 5Then the word of the LORD came to me, saying, 6“O house of Israel, declares the LORD, can I not treat you as this potter treats his clay? Just like clay in the potter’s hand, so are you in My hand, O house of Israel. 7At any time I might announce that a nation or kingdom will be uprooted, torn down, and destroyed. 8But if that nation I warned turns from its evil, then I will relent of the disaster I had planned to bring. 9And if at another time I announce that I will build up and establish a nation or kingdom, 10and if it does evil in My sight and does not listen to My voice, then I will relent of the good I had intended for it. 11Now therefore, tell the men of Judah and the residents of Jerusalem that this is what the LORD says: ‘Behold, I am planning a disaster for you and devising a plan against you. Turn now, each of you, from your evil ways, and correct your ways and deeds.’ 12But they will reply, ‘It is hopeless. We will follow our own plans, and each of us will act according to the stubbornness of his evil heart.’” 13Therefore this is what the LORD says: “Inquire among the nations: Who has ever heard things like these? Virgin Israel has done a most terrible thing. 14Does the snow of Lebanon ever leave its rocky slopes? Or do its cool waters flowing from a distance ever run dry? 15Yet My people have forgotten Me. They burn incense to worthless idols that make them stumble in their ways, leaving the ancient roads to walk on rutted bypaths instead of on the highway. 16They have made their land a desolation, a perpetual object of scorn; all who pass by will be appalled and shake their heads. 17I will scatter them before the enemy like the east wind. I will show them My back and not My face in the day of their calamity.” Another Plot against Jeremiah (Jeremiah 11:18–23) 18Then some said, “Come, let us make plans against Jeremiah, for the law will never be lost to the priest, nor counsel to the wise, nor an oracle to the prophet. Come, let us denounce him and pay no heed to any of his words.” 19Attend to me, O LORD. Hear what my accusers are saying! 20Should good be repaid with evil? Yet they have dug a pit for me. Remember how I stood before You to speak good on their behalf, to turn Your wrath from them. 21Therefore, hand their children over to famine; pour out the power of the sword upon them. Let their wives become childless and widowed; let their husbands be slain by disease, their young men struck down by the sword in battle. 22Let a cry be heard from their houses when You suddenly bring raiders against them, for they have dug a pit to capture me and have hidden snares for my feet. 23But You, O LORD, know all their deadly plots against me. Do not wipe out their guilt or blot out their sin from Your sight. Let them be overthrown before You; deal with them in the time of Your anger. Berean Standard Bible (BSB) printed 2016, 2020, 2022, 2025 by Bible Hub and Berean.Bible. Produced in cooperation with Bible Hub, Discovery Bible, unfoldingWord, Bible Aquifer, OpenBible.com, and the Berean Bible Translation Committee. This text of God's Word has been dedicated to the public domain. Free downloads and unlimited usage available. See also the Berean Literal Bible and Berean Interlinear Bible. Bible Hub Jeremiah 18 Summary The Potter and the Clay Verses 1–4 – The Potter’s Workshop The LORD sends Jeremiah to observe a potter shaping clay on the wheel. When the vessel is spoiled, the potter simply reshapes it into another form, demonstrating full control over the clay. Verses 5–10 – Sovereign Hands and Responsive Clay God explains the picture: “Can I not treat you as this potter treats his clay?” (v. 6). A nation that turns from evil can be restored; a nation that turns to evil can be torn down. Divine plans for blessing or judgment are conditional on human response. Verses 11–12 – The Call Rejected Jeremiah urges Judah to repent, but the people reply, “It is hopeless. We will follow our own plans” (v. 12). They choose their stubborn path over God’s mercy. Verses 13–17 – Certain Judgment God marvels at Judah’s unnatural rebellion—like snow vanishing from Lebanon’s peaks—and announces coming devastation: their land will become a desolation and an object of scorn. Verses 18–23 – Plot and Prayer Leaders conspire: “Let us attack him with our tongues” (v. 18). Jeremiah turns to God, asking that their plotting be thwarted and that justice fall on those who refuse to listen. Jeremiah 18 is a profound chapter from the book of Jeremiah in the Old Testament that illustrates God's sovereignty and human accountability. It conveys this message through the metaphor of a potter (God) and clay (the people of Israel). This chapter explores the dynamic relationship between the divine and the human, highlighting themes of repentance, divine judgment, and forgiveness. Historical Setting Jeremiah’s visit to the potter likely occurs during King Jehoiakim’s reign (about 609–598 BC), a time when Babylon’s shadow loomed over Judah. Political alliances shifted, and many in Jerusalem clung to empty ritual instead of heartfelt obedience (Jeremiah 7). The prophet’s object lesson came as a final warning before national collapse in 586 BC. The Potter Imagery in Scripture • Genesis 2:7 – God forms Adam from dust. • Isaiah 29:16; 45:9; 64:8 – Israel is clay; God is the potter. • Romans 9:20-21 – Paul applies the same picture to divine rights over humanity. The theme is simple: God shapes, reshapes, or rejects vessels according to His righteous purpose and our response. Divine Sovereignty and Human Choice Jeremiah 18 balances two truths: 1. God holds complete authority (“as the clay in the potter’s hand,” v. 6). 2. Real choices still matter (vv. 7-10). When Nineveh repented, God relented (Jonah 3). When Judah hardened its heart, promised blessings were withdrawn (Jeremiah 26:13). The chapter shows that God’s sovereignty never cancels human accountability; instead, it calls people to meaningful repentance. Archaeological Insights: Pottery and Potter’s Houses • Thousands of Judean storage jars with “LMLK” seals (“belonging to the king”) have been unearthed, proving large-scale pottery production during Jeremiah’s era. • Excavations south of Jerusalem uncovered ancient potters’ quarters near the Hinnom Valley—precisely where Jeremiah could have walked. • Potter’s wheels were foot-powered and made of limestone; discarded shards formed entire hillsides, vivid reminders of vessels that failed the potter’s inspection. The Stubborn Reply (v. 12) and Its Roots Judah’s “It is hopeless” echoes earlier defiance: • Jeremiah 2:25 – “But you said, ‘It is hopeless! No, for I love strangers…’” • Zechariah 7:11-12 – They “stopped their ears from hearing.” Persistent refusal turns flexibility into hardness; once clay is fired, reshaping is nearly impossible. Snow on Lebanon and Ancient Trade (v. 14) Snow-fed streams from Mount Lebanon supplied cool water year-round; their disappearance would be unthinkable. By choosing idols, Judah embraces an absurd reversal of nature. Trade routes depended on those waters, so the image signaled economic as well as spiritual ruin. Conspiracy Against the Prophet (v. 18) Priest, sage, and prophet—three pillars of society—unite against Jeremiah. Similar plots appear in: • Jeremiah 11:18-23 – Threats from Anathoth. • Luke 22:2 – Religious leaders plot against Jesus. Faithful messengers often face institutional hostility when their words pierce hardened hearts. Jeremiah’s Imprecation (vv. 19-23) His prayer for justice mirrors Psalm 69 and Psalm 109. He is not thirsting for personal revenge; he is asking God to defend His truth and protect the remnant. The New Testament notes that the persecuted may entrust judgment to God (Romans 12:19; 2 Thessalonians 1:6-7). Practical Lessons For Today • Remain moldable. Early surrender prevents painful breaking later. • National and personal destinies hinge on moral choices. Repentance is always timely until judgment falls. • Expect resistance when you speak uncomfortable truth, but leave vindication to the LORD. • God’s plans are good, yet not mechanical; He invites partnership through obedience and prayer. Connections to Christ • Jesus, “despised and rejected” (Isaiah 53:3), faced plots like Jeremiah (John 11:53). • The potter’s field bought with Judas’s betrayal money (Matthew 27:7-10) echoes Jeremiah’s pottery motifs, underscoring how rejection of God’s Word culminated at the cross. • Believers today are “jars of clay” carrying heavenly treasure (2 Corinthians 4:7); our weakness highlights the potter’s skill. Conclusion Jeremiah 18 paints a vivid scene: the wheel turns, the potter’s hands press, and the future of the clay hangs on its responsiveness. Nations, churches, and individuals still spin on that wheel. The Master Potter invites surrender so He can fashion lives that honor Him and bless the world. Connections to Additional Scriptures Isaiah 64:8 But now, O LORD, You are our Father; we are the clay, and You are our potter; we all are the work of Your hand. This verse reinforces the imagery of God as the potter and us as the clay. Romans 9:20-21 But who are you, O man, to talk back to God? Shall what is formed say to him who formed it, ‘Why did you make me like this?’ Does not the potter have the right to make from the same lump of clay one vessel for special occasions and another for common use? This passage echoes the theme of God's sovereignty and our position as His creation. 2 Timothy 2:20-21 A large house contains not only vessels of gold and silver, but also of wood and clay. Some indeed are for honorable use, but others are for common use. So if anyone cleanses himself of what is unfit, he will be a vessel for honor, sanctified, useful to the Master, and prepared for every good work. This encourages us to be vessels of honor through purification and readiness for God's work. Teaching Points God's Sovereignty Jeremiah 18:6 states, O house of Israel, can I not do with you as this potter does? declares the LORD. Like clay in the hand of the potter, so are you in My hand, O house of Israel. This verse emphasizes God's absolute authority over His creation, likening His control to that of a potter over clay. Human Responsibility Verses 7-10 highlight the conditional nature of God's plans based on human response. God can relent from disaster if a nation repents, or He can withhold blessing if a nation turns to evil. The Call to Repentance In verse 11, God urges the people to turn now, each of you, from your evil ways, and correct your ways and deeds. This call to repentance is a recurring theme, underscoring the importance of aligning with God's will. The Danger of Stubbornness Verse 12 reveals the people's obstinacy: But they will reply, ‘It is hopeless. We will continue with our own plans; each of us will follow the stubbornness of his evil heart.’ This highlights the peril of resisting God's guidance. Practical Applications Yield to God's Shaping Just as clay must be pliable in the potter's hands, we should remain open to God's shaping in our lives, trusting His wisdom and purpose. Repentance as a Lifestyle Regularly examine your heart and actions, seeking to turn away from sin and align with God's will. Recognize God's Authority Acknowledge God's sovereignty in every aspect of life, understanding that He has the ultimate plan and purpose for us. Avoid Stubbornness Be wary of hardening your heart against God's guidance, and strive to remain humble and teachable. People 1. The LORD (Yahweh) The central figure in this chapter, the LORD speaks to Jeremiah, instructing him to go to the potter's house to receive a message. The LORD uses the imagery of the potter and the clay to convey His sovereignty over Israel. The Hebrew name used here is "Yahweh," which is often translated as "LORD" in English Bibles. 2. Jeremiah The prophet who receives the word of the LORD. He is instructed to observe the potter at work and to deliver God's message to the people of Judah. Jeremiah serves as the intermediary between God and the people, conveying divine warnings and instructions. 3. The Potter Although not named, the potter is a key figure in the symbolic vision given to Jeremiah. The potter represents God's authority and ability to shape and reshape nations according to His will. The potter's actions serve as a metaphor for God's relationship with Israel. 4. The House of Israel Referred to collectively, the house of Israel is the recipient of God's message through Jeremiah. They are compared to clay in the potter's hands, illustrating their malleability under God's sovereign control. The term "house of Israel" encompasses the people of Judah and their leaders. 5. The People of Judah While not explicitly named as individuals, the people of Judah are the specific audience of Jeremiah's prophecy. They are warned of impending judgment due to their disobedience and are called to repentance. In this chapter, the focus is on the relationship between God, represented by the potter, and His people, represented by the clay. The imagery underscores themes of divine sovereignty, judgment, and the possibility of repentance and restoration. Places 1. The Potter's House In Jeremiah 18:2, God instructs Jeremiah: "Go down at once to the potter’s house, and there I will reveal My message to you." The potter's house is a literal place where a potter works with clay, shaping it into various forms. This location serves as a powerful metaphor for God's sovereignty and ability to shape nations and individuals according to His will. The Hebrew term for "potter" is יוֹצֵר (yotser), which is related to the act of forming or shaping, emphasizing God's creative power. Events 1. The Command to Visit the Potter's House The LORD instructs Jeremiah to go to the potter's house to receive His message. This command emphasizes the importance of obedience and attentiveness to God's direction. The Hebrew root for "go down" (יָרַד, yarad) signifies a movement towards a place of revelation. 2. Observation of the Potter's Work Jeremiah observes the potter working at the wheel. The potter's actions symbolize God's sovereign authority over nations and individuals, shaping them according to His will. The Hebrew word for "potter" (יֹצֵר, yotser) is related to the concept of forming or fashioning. 3. The Vessel Marred in the Potter's Hand The vessel being formed by the potter becomes marred, prompting the potter to remake it. This illustrates the idea of divine correction and the possibility of renewal. The Hebrew term for "marred" (שָׁחַת, shachat) conveys the notion of corruption or spoilage. 4. The Potter's Authority to Remake the Vessel The potter's decision to remake the vessel as he sees fit highlights God's prerogative to reshape His creation. This event underscores the theme of divine sovereignty and mercy. 5. The LORD's Message to Israel God declares to the house of Israel that, like the potter, He has the authority to reshape nations. This message serves as a warning and a call to repentance. The Hebrew word for "house" (בַּיִת, bayit) often signifies a family or lineage, emphasizing the collective responsibility of the people. 6. The Conditional Nature of Prophecy God explains that if a nation repents of its evil, He will relent from the disaster He intended. Conversely, if a nation turns to evil, He will reconsider the good He planned for it. This reflects the dynamic relationship between divine judgment and human response. 7. The Call to Repentance The LORD urges the people to turn from their evil ways and reform their actions. This call to repentance is central to the prophetic message, emphasizing the possibility of redemption and transformation. 8. The People's Rejection of the Message Despite the warning, the people choose to follow their own plans, demonstrating stubbornness and rebellion. This rejection highlights the theme of human obstinacy in the face of divine instruction. 9. The Consequences of Rebellion God warns of the impending disaster due to the people's refusal to heed His message. The consequences serve as a reminder of the seriousness of disobedience and the reality of divine justice. 10. The Plot Against Jeremiah The people conspire against Jeremiah, rejecting his prophetic role and seeking to silence him. This event illustrates the challenges faced by prophets and the resistance to God's truth. 11. Jeremiah's Prayer for Vindication In response to the plot against him, Jeremiah prays for God's intervention and justice. His prayer reflects a reliance on divine protection and the belief in God's ultimate vindication of His servants. Lessons from Jeremiah 18 1. The Potter's Sovereignty In Jeremiah 18, we are introduced to the image of God as the potter and us as the clay. This powerful metaphor reminds us of God's sovereignty over our lives. Just as a potter shapes clay, God shapes us according to His divine purpose. "Like clay in the hand of the potter, so are you in My hand, O house of Israel" (Jeremiah 18:6). Embrace the comfort that comes from knowing that the Creator of the universe is actively molding you for His glory. 2. The Call to Repentance Jeremiah 18 emphasizes the importance of repentance. God warns that if a nation turns from its evil ways, He will relent from the disaster He planned to bring upon it. "If that nation I warned turns from its evil, then I will relent of the disaster I had planned to inflict" (Jeremiah 18:8). This is a call to examine our hearts and turn back to God, trusting in His mercy and grace. 3. The Power of Prayer The chapter highlights the significance of prayer in our relationship with God. Jeremiah's dialogue with God shows us that prayer is not just about requests but about aligning our hearts with His will. When we pray, we invite God to work in our lives and the world around us, trusting in His perfect plan. 4. The Consequences of Disobedience Jeremiah 18 warns of the consequences of turning away from God. The people of Judah are reminded that their stubbornness and refusal to listen will lead to their downfall. "But they will say, ‘It is hopeless! We will continue with our own plans, and each of us will follow the stubbornness of his evil heart’" (Jeremiah 18:12). This serves as a sobering reminder to heed God's Word and walk in obedience. 5. God's Relentless Pursuit Despite the people's rebellion, God continues to reach out to them. His desire is for restoration, not destruction. "Perhaps they will listen and each will turn from his evil way. Then I will relent of the disaster I am planning to bring upon them" (Jeremiah 18:11). This demonstrates God's relentless love and pursuit of His people, always offering a path back to Him. 6. The Importance of Listening Jeremiah 18 underscores the need to listen to God's voice. The people of Judah are criticized for their refusal to listen, which leads to their downfall. "Yet My people have forgotten Me; they burn incense to worthless idols" (Jeremiah 18:15). In our fast-paced world, it's crucial to pause and listen to God's guidance through Scripture and prayer. 7. The Role of Prophets Jeremiah's role as a prophet highlights the importance of speaking God's truth, even when it's unpopular. Prophets are called to deliver God's message, urging people to turn back to Him. This reminds us of our responsibility to share the Gospel and be a light in a world that often rejects truth. 8. The Hope of Restoration Even in the face of judgment, Jeremiah 18 offers hope. God's ultimate desire is to restore His people. "But if they will not listen, then I will uproot that nation, uproot and destroy it" (Jeremiah 18:17). Yet, the underlying message is one of hope and restoration for those who turn back to God. 9. The Reality of Spiritual Warfare Jeremiah faces opposition and plots against him, illustrating the reality of spiritual warfare. "Come, let us make plans against Jeremiah" (Jeremiah 18:18). As believers, we must be aware of the spiritual battles we face and rely on God's strength to stand firm in our faith. 10. The Assurance of God's Justice Finally, Jeremiah 18 assures us of God's justice. While the wicked may seem to prosper temporarily, God's justice will ultimately prevail. "But You, O LORD, know all their plots to kill me" (Jeremiah 18:23). We can trust that God sees all and will bring about justice in His perfect timing. Topics 1. The Potter and the Clay (Jeremiah 18:1-6) This passage describes the Lord instructing Jeremiah to visit a potter's house, where he observes the potter shaping clay. The imagery of the potter and clay illustrates God's sovereign authority over Israel. The Hebrew word for "potter" (יֹצֵר, yotser) emphasizes the Creator's power to mold and reshape His creation according to His will. The passage highlights God's ability to reform nations based on their actions. 2. God's Sovereign Right to Judge and Relent (Jeremiah 18:7-10) Here, God declares His right to uproot, tear down, or build up nations depending on their behavior. If a nation repents of its evil, God may relent from the disaster He planned. Conversely, if a nation turns to evil, He may withdraw promised blessings. This underscores the conditional nature of God's dealings with nations, rooted in the Hebrew concept of "repentance" (שׁוּב, shuv), meaning to turn back or return. 3. The Call to Repentance (Jeremiah 18:11-12) God instructs Jeremiah to warn the people of Judah and Jerusalem of impending disaster unless they repent. Despite the warning, the people respond with stubbornness, choosing to follow their own plans. The Hebrew term for "stubbornness" (שְׁרִרוּת, sherirut) conveys a sense of obstinacy and hardness of heart, highlighting the people's resistance to divine correction. 4. The People's Rejection of God's Ways (Jeremiah 18:13-17) This section describes the people's rejection of God's ancient paths, leading to their downfall. God compares their actions to forsaking a reliable source of water for something worthless. The imagery of water, often symbolizing life and purity in Hebrew thought, underscores the folly of abandoning God's life-giving ways. 5. The Plot Against Jeremiah (Jeremiah 18:18-23) The chapter concludes with a plot by the people against Jeremiah, seeking to silence his prophetic message. Jeremiah responds with a prayer for justice, asking God to remember their wickedness. The Hebrew word for "plot" (מְזִמָּה, mezimmah) indicates a calculated plan, reflecting the depth of opposition Jeremiah faced for speaking God's truth. Themes 1. God as the Potter This theme emphasizes God's sovereignty and creative authority over nations and individuals, likening Him to a potter shaping clay. Jeremiah 18:6 states, "O house of Israel, can I not do with you as this potter does? declares the LORD. Like clay in the hand of the potter, so are you in My hand, O house of Israel." The Hebrew word for "potter" (יָצַר, yatsar) underscores God's role as the one who forms and shapes according to His will. 2. Conditional Prophecy The chapter highlights the conditional nature of prophecy, where God's declarations of judgment or blessing are contingent upon the response of the people. Jeremiah 18:7-8 explains, "At any time I might announce that a nation or kingdom will be uprooted, torn down, and destroyed. But if that nation I warned turns from its evil, then I will relent of the disaster I had planned to bring." This reflects the Hebrew concept of repentance (שׁוּב, shuv), meaning to turn back or return. 3. Human Responsibility and Repentance The theme of human responsibility is evident as God calls His people to repentance. Jeremiah 18:11 urges, "Now therefore, tell the men of Judah and the residents of Jerusalem: This is what the LORD says: Behold, I am devising a disaster against you and plotting a plan against you. Turn now, each of you, from your evil ways, and correct your ways and deeds." The call to "turn" (שׁוּב, shuv) emphasizes the necessity of a change in behavior and heart. 4. Stubbornness and Rebellion The chapter addresses the stubbornness and rebellion of the people, who refuse to heed God's warnings. Jeremiah 18:12 laments, "But they will reply, 'It is hopeless. We will continue with our own plans, and each of us will follow the stubbornness of his evil heart.'" The Hebrew word for "stubbornness" (שְׁרִרוּת, sherirut) conveys a sense of obstinacy and hardness of heart. 5. Divine Justice and Judgment God's justice and the inevitability of judgment for persistent disobedience are underscored. Jeremiah 18:17 declares, "Like a wind from the east, I will scatter them before their enemies; I will show them My back and not My face in the day of their calamity." The imagery of the "east wind" (רוּחַ קָדִים, ruach qadiym) symbolizes destruction and divine retribution. 6. Intercession and Advocacy Jeremiah's role as an intercessor and advocate for the people is evident, as he pleads with God on their behalf. Jeremiah 18:20 asks, "Should good be repaid with evil? Yet they have dug a pit for me. Remember how I stood before You to speak good on their behalf, to turn Your wrath from them." This highlights the prophet's mediatory role and the Hebrew concept of intercession (פָּגַע, paga). Prayer Points Pray for a Teachable Spirit Ask God to help you remain pliable and open to His shaping in your life. Seek Repentance and Renewal Pray for the strength to turn away from sin and align your actions with God's will. Acknowledge God's Sovereignty Thank God for His authority and wisdom, trusting His plans for your life. Guard Against Stubbornness Request God's help in softening any areas of resistance in your heart, allowing His guidance to lead you. Answering Tough Questions 1. If God is unchanging, how can He “reconsider” His plans for nations as suggested in Jeremiah 18:7–10? 2. What archaeological or historical evidence supports the specific events or setting described in Jeremiah 18? 3. How does Jeremiah 18 align with other passages that depict God’s judgment as predetermined, creating a seeming contradiction about free will? 4. Why would a just God hold the entire “clay” (nation) responsible when individuals have varying degrees of guilt, per Jeremiah 18? 5. Jeremiah 18 portrays God as learning from people’s actions; how does that reconcile with the belief in His omniscience? Bible Study Discussion Questions 1. How does the analogy of the potter and the clay in Jeremiah 18:1-4 relate to our lives today? 2. In what ways do you see God's sovereignty manifesting in your life? 3. How can we reconcile human free will with God's sovereignty as presented in this chapter? 4. How does God's message of the ability to "revoke the good" (verse 10) challenge your understanding of His character? 5. How does the concept of God relenting from causing harm (verse 8) affect your understanding of divine judgment? 6. What actions can you take to embody a spirit of repentance in your everyday life? 7. In the face of Jeremiah's call for repentance, the people of Israel chose to follow their own plans (verse 12). How do you respond when God's plans differ from yours? 8. Have there been instances where you felt people plotted against you because of your faith, similar to Jeremiah's experience in verses 18-23? How did you handle it? 9. How can you seek justice in a godly way when faced with opposition or persecution? 10. How can the consequences faced by Israel for ignoring God's call to repentance serve as a warning for modern society? 11. How can we encourage others to respond to God’s call for repentance in our communities? 12. In a society that often values independence and self-reliance, how can we cultivate a spirit of surrender, recognizing that we are the clay and God is the potter? 13. How does Jeremiah's plea for justice in the face of opposition inspire you to stand firm in your faith? 14. What practical steps can you take to align your plans and actions with God's will? 15. How does Jeremiah 18 challenge our understanding of the consequences of disobedience? 16. Can you recall a time when you experienced God's forgiveness and reshaping in your life? How did it transform you? 17. How can we apply the lessons of divine judgment and mercy from this chapter in addressing social issues today? 18. How does the metaphor of the potter and the clay speak to you personally? 19. How can you foster an attitude of humility in recognition of God's sovereignty over your life? 20. How can we turn the message of Jeremiah 18 into a call to action in our personal lives and our communities? 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