◄ 2 Chronicles 27 ►
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Jotham Reigns in Judah (2 Kings 15:32–38) 1Jotham was twenty-five years old when he became king, and he reigned in Jerusalem sixteen years. His mother’s name was Jerushaha daughter of Zadok. 2And he did what was right in the eyes of the LORD, just as his father Uzziahb had done. In addition, he did not enter the temple of the LORD. But the people still behaved corruptly. 3Jotham rebuilt the Upper Gate of the house of the LORD, and he worked extensively on the wall at the hill of Ophel. 4He also built cities in the hill country of Judah and fortresses and towers in the forests. 5Jotham waged war against the king of the Ammonites and defeated them, and that year they gave him a hundred talents of silver,c ten thousand cors of wheat,d and ten thousand cors of barley.e They paid him the same in the second and third years. 6So Jotham grew powerful because he ordered his ways before the LORD his God. 7As for the rest of the acts of Jotham, along with all his wars and his ways, they are indeed written in the Book of the Kings of Israel and Judah. 8He was twenty-five years old when he became king, and he reigned in Jerusalem sixteen years. 9And Jotham rested with his fathers and was buried in the City of David. And his son Ahaz reigned in his place. Footnotes: 1 a Jerushah is a variant of Jerusha; see 2 Kings 15:33. 2 b Uzziah is also called Azariah; see 2 Kings 14:21. 5 c 100 talents is approximately 3.77 tons or 3.42 metric tons of silver. 5 d 10,000 cors is approximately 62,400 bushels or 2.2 million liters (probably about 1,920 tons or 1,740 metric tons of wheat). 5 e 10,000 cors is approximately 62,400 bushels or 2.2 million liters (probably about 1,450 tons or 1,315 metric tons of barley). Berean Standard Bible (BSB) printed 2016, 2020, 2022, 2025 by Bible Hub and Berean.Bible. Produced in cooperation with Bible Hub, Discovery Bible, unfoldingWord, Bible Aquifer, OpenBible.com, and the Berean Bible Translation Committee. This text of God's Word has been dedicated to the public domain. Free downloads and unlimited usage available. See also the Berean Literal Bible and Berean Interlinear Bible. Bible Hub 2 Chronicles 27 Summary Jotham Reigns in Judah Verses 1–2 – A Righteous Yet Realistic Start Jotham becomes king at twenty-five and rules sixteen years. “He did what was right in the eyes of the LORD… yet the people still behaved corruptly” (v. 2). Unlike his father Uzziah, Jotham never forces his way into the temple, showing respect for God’s holiness even while national worship remains mixed. Verses 3–4 – Builder of Judah’s Strength He fortifies the temple area by constructing the Upper Gate, reinforces the Ophel wall, builds cities in the hill country, and erects forts and towers in the forests. Security and economic growth go hand in hand under his watch. Verses 5–6 – Victory over Ammon and Growing Might Jotham defeats the Ammonites, who pay yearly tribute—“a hundred talents of silver, ten thousand measures of wheat, and ten thousand of barley” (v. 5). His power expands because “he prepared his ways before the LORD his God” (v. 6). Verses 7–9 – Record, Rest, and Succession Further exploits are archived “in the Book of the Kings.” After sixteen stable years he dies, is buried in the City of David, and his son Ahaz inherits the throne. 2 Chronicles 27, while a relatively short chapter, recounts the account of Jotham, the son of Uzziah, who ruled Judah righteously. Despite the rampant disobedience of the people, Jotham stands out as an exemplary leader who adheres to God's commandments. However, his reign is brief, signifying the temporal nature of earthly power. Historical Context Jotham’s reign (c. 750–735 BC) overlaps with the decline of the Northern Kingdom and growing Assyrian pressure. Chronicles spotlights Judah’s kings to highlight God’s dealings with David’s line. Isaiah 1:1 places the prophet’s ministry in Jotham’s era, so Jotham rules during early chapters of Isaiah’s warnings. Family Line and Co-Regency • Father: Uzziah (Azariah) ruled for fifty-two years but ended as a leper (2 Chronicles 26). Jotham likely served as co-regent once Uzziah was quarantined (cf. 2 Kings 15:5). • Mother: Jerushah, daughter of Zadok, ties Jotham to the priestly family, echoing Aaron’s faithful line. • Son: Ahaz will turn sharply toward idolatry (2 Chronicles 28), proving that godly heritage is no guarantee of faithful offspring. Spiritual Profile Jotham’s key strength is personal obedience. The chronicler singles it out: “he ordered his ways” (v. 6 literal). He avoids his father’s pride, does not imitate the people’s corruption, and keeps institutional worship stable. High places still exist (2 Kings 15:35), but his integrity keeps national judgment at bay for a season. Building Projects: Archaeology and Geography • Upper Gate: Likely on the temple’s north side, the most vulnerable approach. Excavations near the Western Wall reveal gate structures from the period that may reflect Jotham’s work. • Ophel Wall: The Ophel ridge south of the Temple Mount has yielded massive fortification blocks dated to the eighth century BC, consistent with Jotham’s construction. • Hill-Country Cities, Forest Towers: Judah’s backbone of ridges allowed secure settlements. Stone watchtowers in the Judean hills—some still visible—date to this era. They oversaw olive groves and vineyards, boosting agriculture and trade. The Ammonite Campaign Ammon lay east of the Jordan. Earlier clashes (Judges 11; 1 Samuel 11) show a long rivalry. Tribute listed in verse 5 equals roughly 3.4 tons of silver and about 220,000 bushels of grain—vital for Judah’s economy. Repeated payments in the second and third years suggest either a three-year indemnity or ongoing vassalage. “He Prepared His Ways”: Key Theme “Prepared” pictures leveling a road. Jotham removes spiritual obstacles before they trip him up. Other texts use the same verb: • 1 Samuel 7:3—Samuel urges Israel to “prepare your hearts for the LORD.” • Proverbs 16:3—“Commit your works to the LORD, and your plans will be established.” Jotham lives this principle, and God rewards him with stability and strength. Links to Other Scriptures • Deuteronomy 20:5—Building a new house mirrors covenant blessing; Jotham’s construction fulfills this. • Psalm 127:1—“Unless the LORD builds the house…”; Jotham’s success underscores the psalm. • 2 Chronicles 26:16–21—Uzziah’s proud entry into the temple contrasts with Jotham’s restraint. • 2 Chronicles 28; 2 Kings 16—Ahaz’s apostasy highlights the fragile nature of faith from one generation to the next. Contrasts with Uzziah and Ahaz Uzziah started well, grew proud, and was struck with leprosy. Jotham started well and stayed steady. Ahaz will abandon the LORD altogether. Chronicles quietly invites readers to choose whose path to follow. Practical Takeaways • Personal faithfulness matters even when culture drifts. • Humility before God keeps past blessings from turning into pride. • Wise leaders balance worship, defense, and economy. • Preparing one’s ways before the LORD builds a life God can bless. Timeline Snapshot c. 792 BC – Uzziah becomes king c. 751 BC – Jotham begins co-regency c. 750–735 BC – Solo reign of Jotham (16 years total) c. 735 BC – Jotham’s death, Ahaz succeeds Connections to Additional Scriptures Psalm 1:1-3 The blessings of walking in righteousness and delighting in the law of the LORD. Proverbs 3:5-6 Trusting in the LORD and acknowledging Him in all our ways for guidance and success. 1 Timothy 4:12 Setting an example in speech, conduct, love, faith, and purity. Teaching Points Jotham's Righteousness He did what was right in the eyes of the LORD, just as his father Uzziah had done (2 Chronicles 27:2). Jotham's commitment to righteousness sets a standard for leadership. Avoidance of Sin Unlike his father, Jotham did not enter the temple of the LORD, avoiding the sin that led to Uzziah's downfall (2 Chronicles 27:2). Strength and Success Jotham grew powerful because he ordered his ways before the LORD his God (2 Chronicles 27:6). His strength was a direct result of his faithfulness. Construction and Defense Jotham's building projects, including the Upper Gate of the temple and fortifications, demonstrate his dedication to both spiritual and physical security (2 Chronicles 27:3-4). Military Victories His victories over the Ammonites and the tribute they paid highlight the blessings of obedience (2 Chronicles 27:5). Practical Applications Personal Integrity Like Jotham, strive to do what is right in the eyes of the LORD, even when surrounded by corruption. Avoiding Temptation Learn from Jotham's wisdom in avoiding the sins that ensnared his father. Spiritual and Physical Preparedness Invest in both spiritual growth and practical defenses against life's challenges. Faithfulness and Prosperity Recognize that true strength and success come from ordering our ways before God. People 1. Jotham Jotham is the central figure in 2 Chronicles 27. He is the son of Uzziah and becomes king of Judah. The chapter highlights his reign, his construction projects, and his military successes. Jotham is noted for doing what was right in the eyes of the LORD, following the example of his father Uzziah, but he did not enter the temple of the LORD. The Hebrew root for his name, יוֹתָם (Yotam), means "the LORD is perfect" or "the LORD is complete." 2. Uzziah Uzziah is mentioned as the father of Jotham. He was the previous king of Judah, and his reign is described in the preceding chapter. Uzziah's influence is seen in Jotham's actions, as Jotham followed his father's example in doing what was right in the eyes of the LORD. 3. The LORD While not a human person, the LORD is a central figure in the narrative, as Jotham's actions are evaluated based on his adherence to the LORD's ways. The Hebrew name for the LORD used in this context is יהוה (YHWH), often rendered as "Yahweh" or "Jehovah," signifying the covenantal God of Israel. Places 1. Jerusalem Jerusalem is the capital city of Judah and the central location of Jotham's reign. It is where he carried out construction projects, including building the Upper Gate of the house of the LORD. The Hebrew root for Jerusalem is "יְרוּשָׁלַיִם" (Yerushalayim), which is often associated with meanings related to "foundation of peace." 2. Lebanon While Lebanon itself is not directly mentioned in 2 Chronicles 27, the chapter refers to the construction of cities in the hill country of Judah, which could imply the use of resources from the region of Lebanon, known for its cedars. The Hebrew root for Lebanon is "לְבָנוֹן" (Levanon), meaning "white," likely referring to the snow-capped mountains. 3. Ammon The Ammonites are mentioned as a people whom Jotham subdued, and they paid him tribute. The land of Ammon is east of the Jordan River. The Hebrew root for Ammon is "עַמּוֹן" (Ammon), which is related to the word for "people" or "nation." Events 1. Jotham's Reign Begins Jotham becomes king at the age of 25 and reigns in Jerusalem for 16 years. His mother is Jerushah, the daughter of Zadok. This introduction sets the stage for his reign, emphasizing his lineage and the duration of his rule (2 Chronicles 27:1). 2. Jotham's Righteousness Jotham is described as doing what is right in the eyes of the LORD, following the example of his father Uzziah, but he does not enter the temple of the LORD. This highlights his adherence to God's laws while avoiding his father's mistake of unlawfully entering the temple (2 Chronicles 27:2). 3. Construction Projects Jotham undertakes significant building projects, including fortifying the Upper Gate of the temple of the LORD and extensive construction on the wall of Ophel. This demonstrates his commitment to strengthening the infrastructure and religious sites of Judah (2 Chronicles 27:3). 4. Military Success Jotham wages war against the Ammonites and prevails. As a result, the Ammonites pay him a substantial tribute for three years, consisting of silver, wheat, and barley. This event underscores his military prowess and the economic benefits of his victories (2 Chronicles 27:5). 5. Jotham's Strength and Legacy The text notes that Jotham grows powerful because he orders his ways before the LORD his God. This statement reflects the biblical principle that obedience to God leads to strength and success (2 Chronicles 27:6). 6. Summary of Jotham's Reign The chapter concludes with a summary of Jotham's reign, noting that the rest of his acts, including his wars and ways, are recorded in the Book of the Kings of Israel and Judah. This serves as a historical record of his accomplishments and reign (2 Chronicles 27:7). 7. Jotham's Death and Succession Jotham dies and is buried in the City of David, and his son Ahaz succeeds him as king. This marks the transition of leadership and the continuation of the Davidic line (2 Chronicles 27:9). Lessons from 2 Chronicles 27 1. The Power of Righteous Leadership In 2 Chronicles 27, we see Jotham, the king of Judah, who "did what was right in the eyes of the LORD" (2 Chronicles 27:2). His commitment to righteousness set a positive example for his people. As leaders in our own spheres—whether at home, work, or church—our actions can inspire others to follow a path of integrity and faithfulness. Remember, leadership rooted in righteousness can transform communities. 2. The Importance of Obedience Jotham's reign was marked by obedience to God, as he "did not enter the temple of the LORD" (2 Chronicles 27:2), respecting the boundaries set by God. This teaches us the value of obedience in our walk with God. When we align our actions with His commands, we invite His blessings and guidance into our lives. 3. Building a Strong Foundation Jotham "built the Upper Gate of the house of the LORD" (2 Chronicles 27:3), emphasizing the importance of strengthening our spiritual foundations. Just as Jotham fortified the physical structures, we should invest time in prayer, Bible study, and fellowship to build a robust spiritual life that can withstand life's challenges. 4. The Blessings of Faithfulness Jotham's faithfulness to God resulted in prosperity and strength. "Jotham grew powerful because he ordered his ways before the LORD his God" (2 Chronicles 27:6). This reminds us that when we prioritize our relationship with God, He blesses us with the strength and resources we need to thrive. 5. The Impact of Consistency Jotham's consistent walk with God over his sixteen-year reign (2 Chronicles 27:1) highlights the importance of steadfastness in our faith journey. Consistency in our spiritual practices leads to growth and maturity, enabling us to face life's ups and downs with grace and resilience. 6. The Influence of a Godly Heritage Jotham followed in the footsteps of his father, Uzziah, who also sought to honor God. This underscores the impact of a godly heritage. Whether you're passing down faith to the next generation or starting a new legacy, your commitment to God can influence your family for years to come. 7. The Consequences of National Disobedience Despite Jotham's personal faithfulness, "the people still acted corruptly" (2 Chronicles 27:2). This serves as a sobering reminder that individual righteousness doesn't always translate to national obedience. It challenges us to pray for our communities and nations, seeking God's mercy and guidance. 8. The Role of Strategic Planning Jotham's success was partly due to his strategic planning, as he "built cities in the hill country of Judah" (2 Chronicles 27:4). This teaches us the value of planning and preparation in our endeavors. By seeking God's wisdom and making thoughtful decisions, we can achieve our goals more effectively. 9. The Significance of Humility Jotham's reign was marked by humility, as he did not seek to exalt himself. His focus was on serving God and his people. This reminds us that true greatness comes from humility and service, reflecting the heart of Christ, who "came not to be served, but to serve" (Matthew 20:28). 10. The Legacy of a Godly Life Jotham's legacy is recorded in Scripture as a testament to his faithfulness. Our lives, too, can leave a lasting impact when we live for God's glory. By prioritizing our relationship with Him and serving others, we can create a legacy that points others to the hope and salvation found in Jesus Christ. Topics 1. Jotham's Reign and Righteousness Jotham, the son of Uzziah, becomes king of Judah and is noted for doing what was right in the eyes of the LORD. The text emphasizes his adherence to God's ways, similar to his father, but with the distinction that he did not enter the temple of the LORD, which may imply a respect for sacred boundaries. The Hebrew root for "right" (יָשָׁר, yashar) conveys a sense of uprightness and moral integrity. 2. Construction and Fortification Efforts Jotham is credited with significant building projects, including the construction of the Upper Gate of the temple and extensive work on the wall of Ophel. He also built cities in the hill country of Judah and fortresses and towers in the forests. This reflects his commitment to strengthening the kingdom both spiritually and physically. 3. Military Success and Tribute from the Ammonites Jotham's military campaigns are successful, particularly against the Ammonites, who pay him a substantial tribute for three years. This tribute included silver, wheat, and barley, indicating both his military prowess and the economic benefits of his reign. The Hebrew term for "tribute" (מִנְחָה, minchah) often refers to offerings or gifts, underscoring the respect and submission of the Ammonites. 4. Summary of Jotham's Reign The chapter concludes with a summary of Jotham's reign, noting his strength and the continuation of his righteous actions. It mentions that his acts are recorded in the Book of the Kings of Israel and Judah, highlighting the historical documentation of his rule. The Hebrew word for "strength" (חָזַק, chazaq) implies not just physical might but also steadfastness and courage. 5. Jotham's Death and Succession Jotham's death and burial in the City of David are briefly noted, with his son Ahaz succeeding him as king. This transition marks the continuation of the Davidic line, which is significant in the biblical narrative for its messianic implications. Themes 1. Righteous Leadership Jotham is described as a king who "did what was right in the eyes of the LORD" (2 Chronicles 27:2). This theme highlights the importance of righteous leadership, as Jotham followed the example of his father Uzziah but avoided his mistakes. The Hebrew word for "right" (יָשָׁר, yashar) emphasizes moral integrity and uprightness. 2. Obedience to God Jotham's reign is marked by obedience to God's commands, as he did not enter the temple of the LORD, unlike his father (2 Chronicles 27:2). This theme underscores the significance of adhering to divine instructions and respecting sacred boundaries. 3. Divine Favor and Prosperity The text notes that Jotham "became mighty because he ordered his ways before the LORD his God" (2 Chronicles 27:6). This theme illustrates the connection between faithfulness to God and receiving His favor and blessings. The Hebrew root for "ordered" (כּוּן, kun) implies establishing or preparing one's path in alignment with God's will. 4. Construction and Development Jotham's reign included significant building projects, such as fortifying cities and constructing towers (2 Chronicles 27:3-4). This theme reflects the importance of infrastructure and development in establishing a strong and secure nation. 5. Military Success Jotham's military campaigns against the Ammonites resulted in victory and tribute (2 Chronicles 27:5). This theme highlights the role of military strength and strategic leadership in securing peace and prosperity for the nation. 6. Legacy and Influence The chapter concludes with a summary of Jotham's reign and his legacy (2 Chronicles 27:7-9). This theme emphasizes the lasting impact of a leader's actions and decisions on future generations, encouraging a focus on leaving a positive and godly legacy. Prayer Points Pray for the strength to remain faithful and righteous in a world that often strays from God's ways. Ask for wisdom to avoid the pitfalls and temptations that can lead to downfall. Seek God's guidance in ordering your ways before Him, trusting in His provision and protection. Pray for leaders in your community and nation to follow the example of Jotham, leading with integrity and faithfulness. Answering Tough Questions 1. How can 2 Chronicles 27:1–2 claim Jotham faithfully followed God if “the high places” were not removed, suggesting partial disobedience? 2. Is there any archaeological evidence to verify Jotham’s construction projects mentioned in 2 Chronicles 27:3–4, or are these works historically unattested? 3. Why does 2 Chronicles 27 omit details about Jotham’s conflicts found in 2 Kings, raising doubts about the reliability of both accounts? 4. How does the brief reign of Jotham in 2 Chronicles 27 align with known historical timelines, and why are external sources silent on his rule? 5. If 2 Chronicles 27:6 asserts Jotham “became mighty” through obedience to God, why is there little to no external corroboration of his fame or influence? Bible Study Discussion Questions 1. What qualities made Jotham a righteous king? How can you incorporate these qualities into your life? 2. How did Jotham’s refusal to enter the Lord’s sanctuary differentiate him from his father, Uzziah? What can we learn from this about respecting God's boundaries? 3. Even though Jotham was righteous, the people continued to act corruptly. What does this tell us about the relationship between leadership and the moral choices of individuals? 4. How does Jotham's reign illustrate the consequences of societal corruption despite righteous leadership? 5. What role did architecture play in Jotham's reign, and what does it signify? 6. How did Jotham handle the threat of the Ammonites, and what can we learn from this about dealing with opposition? 7. In the face of corrupt society, Jotham 'prepared his ways before the LORD his God'. What does this mean and how can we apply this principle to our lives today? 8. How does the account of Jotham's reign challenge our understanding of success? 9. Despite Jotham's faithfulness, his reign was brief. How does this align with your understanding of divine justice? 10. What can Jotham's story teach us about personal integrity amid societal decay? 11. How does Jotham's life inspire you to stay steadfast in your walk with God, regardless of external circumstances? 12. Jotham managed to secure tribute from the Ammonites. How does this victory reflect on the power of righteous leadership? 13. How might Jotham's reign have been different if the people of Judah had chosen to follow God's laws? 14. How can we, as individuals, encourage a culture of righteousness within our own communities? 15. Why is it important for us to respect the boundaries set by God, as Jotham did by not entering the Lord's sanctuary? 16. Jotham's other deeds and ways were documented in the Book of the Kings of Israel and Judah. What does this teach us about the significance of recording and remembering our actions? 17. How can we balance the pursuit of power and progress while ensuring we remain faithful to God's commandments? 18. How might you apply the lessons learned from Jotham's construction projects in your personal life or professional work? 19. How does Jotham's story help us understand the complexity of societal change, especially when dealing with ingrained corruption or immoral practices? 20. How can Jotham’s life inspire modern leaders to steer their nations towards righteousness and the respect of divine principles? Bible Hub Chapter Summaries and Bible Study Questions