◄ Joshua 3 ►
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Berean Standard Bible | Par ▾
Crossing the Jordan 1Early the next morning Joshua got up and left Shittima with all the Israelites. They went as far as the Jordan, where they camped before crossing over. 2After three days the officers went through the camp 3and commanded the people: “When you see the ark of the covenant of the LORD your God being carried by the Levitical priests, you are to set out from your positions and follow it. 4But keep a distance of about two thousand cubitsb between yourselves and the ark. Do not go near it, so that you can see the way to go, since you have never traveled this way before.” 5Then Joshua told the people, “Consecrate yourselves, for tomorrow the LORD will do wonders among you.” 6And he said to the priests, “Take the ark of the covenant and go on ahead of the people.” So they carried the ark of the covenant and went ahead of them. 7Now the LORD said to Joshua, “Today I will begin to exalt you in the sight of all Israel, so they may know that I am with you just as I was with Moses. 8Command the priests carrying the ark of the covenant: ‘When you reach the edge of the waters, stand in the Jordan.’” 9So Joshua told the Israelites, “Come here and listen to the words of the LORD your God.” 10He continued, “This is how you will know that the living God is among you and that He will surely drive out before you the Canaanites, Hittites, Hivites, Perizzites, Girgashites, Amorites, and Jebusites. 11Behold, the ark of the covenant of the Lord of all the earth will go ahead of you into the Jordan. 12Now choose twelve men from the tribes of Israel, one from each tribe. 13When the feet of the priests who carry the ark of the LORD—the Lord of all the earth—touch down in the waters of the Jordan, its flowing waters will be cut off and will stand up in a heap.” 14So when the people broke camp to cross the Jordan, the priests carried the ark of the covenant ahead of them. 15Now the Jordan overflows its banks throughout the harvest season. But as soon as the priests carrying the ark reached the Jordan and their feet touched the water’s edge, 16the flowing water stood still. It backed up as far upstream as Adam, a city in the area of Zarethan, while the water flowing toward the Sea of the Arabah (the Salt Seac) was completely cut off. So the people crossed over opposite Jericho. 17The priests carrying the ark of the covenant of the LORD stood firm on dry ground in the middle of the Jordan, while all Israel crossed over the dry ground, until the entire nation had crossed the Jordan. Footnotes: 1 a Or Acacia Grove 4 b 2,000 cubits is approximately 3,000 feet or 914.4 meters. 16 c That is, the Dead Sea Berean Standard Bible (BSB) printed 2016, 2020, 2022, 2025 by Bible Hub and Berean.Bible. Produced in cooperation with Bible Hub, Discovery Bible, unfoldingWord, Bible Aquifer, OpenBible.com, and the Berean Bible Translation Committee. This text of God's Word has been dedicated to the public domain. Free downloads and unlimited usage available. See also the Berean Literal Bible and Berean Interlinear Bible. Bible Hub Joshua 3 Summary Crossing the Jordan Verses 1–3 – Dawn at the Jordan Joshua rises “early in the morning,” moves camp from Shittim, and the people lodge beside the swollen Jordan. Officers circulate through the ranks: “When you see the Ark of the Covenant of the LORD your God… you are to set out and follow it.” The Ark—not the army—will lead. Verses 4–6 – Sanctification and the Ark’s Lead A gap of about 2,000 cubits (⅔ mile) must remain between Israelites and Ark, underscoring God’s holiness. Joshua commands, “Consecrate yourselves, for tomorrow the LORD will do wonders among you” (v. 5). Priests lift the Ark and step forward. Verses 7–8 – God Confirms Joshua The LORD promises, “Today I will begin to exalt you in the sight of all Israel” (v. 7), mirroring Moses at the Red Sea. Joshua then directs priests to halt in the river once their feet touch the water. Verses 9–13 – Promise of the Miracle Joshua summons the tribes to hear: the living God will drive out Canaanite nations. The Ark is called “the Lord of all the earth.” As soon as priests’ soles rest in the Jordan, “Its waters flowing downstream will be cut off and stand up in a heap” (v. 13). Verses 14–17 – Crossing on Dry Ground At flood stage, the moment priests’ feet meet the edge, waters pile up at Adam, near Zarethan, while those toward the Dead Sea disappear. Israel passes opposite Jericho on dry riverbed. Priests remain motionless mid-river until the whole nation finishes crossing. Joshua 3, in the Bible, unfolds a significant phase in Israel's journey to the Promised Land. Here, we see the Israelites, led by Joshua, on the brink of the Jordan River, ready to step into Canaan, the land promised to them by God. This chapter encapsulates their awe-inspiring journey across the river, orchestrated by divine power and executed in profound faith and obedience. Historical Setting: From Wilderness to Promised Land Forty years earlier the exodus generation balked at entering (Numbers 14). Now their children stand poised, camped in the acacia groves of eastern Jordan. The Bronze Age city of Jericho glimmers just five miles across the valley. Crossing the river is the final barrier before conquest. Chronology and Calendar The event occurs on the tenth day of the first month (Joshua 4:19), forty years to the week after the original Passover in Egypt (Exodus 12). Within four days they will celebrate Passover in Canaan—another link between deliverance by blood and deliverance by water. The Jordan in Flood Spring snowmelt from Mount Hermon swells the Jordan, turning the usual 100-foot channel into a half-mile-wide torrent. God times the miracle when the river is least fordable so His power is unmistakable (cf. Judges 7:2). The Ark of the Covenant as the Presence of God 1. Contents: tablets of the law, manna jar, Aaron’s rod (Hebrews 9:4). 2. Symbolism: throne of the invisible King (1 Samuel 4:4). 3. Placement: always at the center—in camp, in march, now at the river. 4. Contrast: pagan nations carried idols into battle; Israel bears the word and presence of the living God. Sanctify Yourselves: Holiness Precedes Help Consecration likely involved washing clothes (Exodus 19:10), abstaining from marital relations (Exodus 19:15), and wholehearted devotion. God works wonders through clean vessels (2 Timothy 2:21). Spiritual preparation precedes visible victory. Joshua: The New Moses • Both call Israel to follow divine command (Exodus 14:13 vs. Joshua 3:9). • Both stretch out an arm—or priests’ feet—as catalyst for water walls (Exodus 14:21; Joshua 3:13). • Both lead through water to new covenant stages (Red Sea -> Sinai; Jordan -> Jericho/Gilgal). Thus Deuteronomy 34:9 is fulfilled: “Joshua son of Nun was filled with the spirit of wisdom.” Miracle Mechanics: Waters Heaped Up Text says waters stood “in a heap” (v. 16), same Hebrew word used at the Red Sea (Exodus 15:8). Whether through sudden landslide, earthquake, or pure supernatural suspension, timing is divinely controlled. Psalm 114:3 celebrates, “The Jordan turned back.” Archaeological and Geographical Notes • Adam (Tell ed-Damiyeh) lies ~18 miles north of Jericho; historical mudslides there in AD 1267 and 1927 blocked the river for hours, illustrating how God may employ natural means at supernatural moments. • Flood-stage sediment leaves a hard clay bed once water recedes—perfect footing for a nation to cross. • Late Bronze Age Jericho’s walls (excavated by Kenyon, 1950s) show a collapse layer that fits within the general biblical timeline that begins here at the Jordan. Foreshadowing of Christ and New Testament Links • Jesus is baptized in the Jordan, identifying with Israel’s journey (Matthew 3:13). • The Ark leading Israel parallels Christ “forerunning” into the heavenly sanctuary (Hebrews 6:20). • Crossing from wilderness to promise anticipates believers moving from death to life (John 5:24). • Mark 4:35–41 shows Jesus commanding water, echoing YHWH’s mastery at Jordan. Lessons in Leadership and Faith 1. Leaders rise early and move at God’s word. 2. Obedience often precedes explanation—priests stepped in while water still raged. 3. Keeping distance from the Ark cultivates reverence; familiarity must not breed casualness in worship. 4. God magnifies leaders who magnify Him, not themselves. Applications for Believers Today • When facing “rivers” of impossibility, fix eyes on God’s presence, not the problem. • Spiritual preparation—confession, worship, expectancy—positions hearts for breakthrough. • Remember the gap: God is holy, yet He graciously goes before us. • God’s timing often chooses the flood season so His glory cannot be mistaken for human strategy. Scripture Connections for Further Study Exodus 14; Psalm 114; Isaiah 43:2; Jeremiah 2:6; Hebrews 3–4; 1 Corinthians 10:1–2; Revelation 15:3–4. Each passage reinforces themes of deliverance through water, God’s kingship, and the call to trust Him on the brink of promise. Connections to Additional Scriptures Exodus 14:21-22 The crossing of the Red Sea parallels the crossing of the Jordan, both demonstrating God's power to deliver His people. Hebrews 11:29-30 These verses highlight the faith of the Israelites in crossing the Red Sea and the fall of Jericho, reinforcing the theme of faith in action. Psalm 114:3-5 This Psalm poetically recounts the parting of the Jordan and the Red Sea, celebrating God's mighty acts. Teaching Points God's Timing and Leadership Joshua 3:1-3 highlights the importance of waiting on God's timing. The Israelites camped by the Jordan for three days before receiving instructions. This teaches us the value of patience and readiness to follow God's lead. The Role of the Ark of the Covenant In verses 3-4, the Ark of the Covenant is central, symbolizing God's presence. The people are instructed to follow it, maintaining a respectful distance. This underscores the holiness of God and the necessity of following His guidance. Consecration Before Action Joshua 3:5 emphasizes the need for consecration, as Joshua tells the people, Consecrate yourselves, for tomorrow the LORD will do wonders among you. Spiritual preparation is crucial before undertaking God's work. Faith in Action Verses 13-17 describe the priests stepping into the Jordan, which was at flood stage. Their faith and obedience resulted in a miraculous parting of the waters, demonstrating that faith often requires stepping out before seeing the outcome. Practical Applications Trust in God's Timing Just as the Israelites waited for God's command, we should trust in His perfect timing for our lives, even when it requires patience. Follow God's Presence Like the Israelites followed the Ark, we should seek and follow God's presence in our daily decisions, ensuring we are aligned with His will. Prepare Spiritually Before embarking on any significant endeavor, take time to consecrate yourself through prayer, repentance, and seeking God's guidance. Step Out in Faith When God calls you to action, be willing to step out in faith, trusting that He will provide a way even when the path seems impossible. People 1. Joshua Joshua is the central figure in this chapter, serving as the leader of the Israelites. He is responsible for guiding the people and conveying God's instructions for crossing the Jordan River. The name "Joshua" (Hebrew: יְהוֹשֻׁעַ, Yehoshua) means "The LORD is salvation." 2. The LORD (Yahweh) While not a human person, the LORD is a central figure in the narrative, providing guidance and instructions to Joshua and the Israelites. The Hebrew name for God used here is יְהוָה (YHWH), often rendered as "Yahweh" or "the LORD." 3. The Priests The priests are tasked with carrying the Ark of the Covenant ahead of the people. They play a crucial role in the miraculous crossing of the Jordan River, as their presence in the river causes the waters to part. 4. The Levites Although not explicitly named in this chapter, the Levites are implied as part of the group carrying the Ark, as they are traditionally responsible for its transport. 5. The Israelites The collective group of the Israelite people, who are preparing to cross into the Promised Land. They follow Joshua's leadership and the priests carrying the Ark. 6. The Ark of the Covenant While not a person, the Ark is a significant religious symbol representing God's presence among the people. It is carried by the priests and plays a central role in the crossing of the Jordan. Places 1. Shittim This is the location where the Israelites were camped before they set out to cross the Jordan River. Shittim, also known as Abel-Shittim, is situated in the plains of Moab, east of the Jordan River. The Hebrew root for Shittim is "שִׁטִּים" (Shittim), which refers to the acacia trees that were abundant in the area. 2. Jordan River The Jordan River is the significant body of water that the Israelites miraculously crossed to enter the Promised Land. The crossing of the Jordan is a pivotal event, symbolizing the transition from the wilderness wanderings to the inheritance of Canaan. The Hebrew name for the Jordan is "יַרְדֵּן" (Yarden), meaning "descender," reflecting the river's descent from the mountains to the Dead Sea. 3. Jericho Although not directly mentioned in the crossing narrative of Joshua 3, Jericho is the first major city the Israelites encounter after crossing the Jordan. It is located just west of the Jordan River and is significant as the site of the Israelites' first conquest in the Promised Land. Events 1. Israel Prepares to Cross the Jordan Early in the morning, Joshua and all the Israelites set out from Shittim and came to the Jordan River, where they camped before crossing over (Joshua 3:1). The Hebrew root for "set out" (נָסַע, nasa) implies a purposeful journey, indicating the Israelites' readiness to follow God's command. 2. Instructions from the Officers After three days, the officers went throughout the camp, instructing the people to follow the ark of the covenant when they see the Levitical priests carrying it, as it would guide them on the way to go (Joshua 3:2-4). The ark, representing God's presence, was central to their journey. 3. Consecration of the People Joshua commanded the people to consecrate themselves, for the LORD would do wonders among them the next day (Joshua 3:5). The Hebrew word for "consecrate" (קָדַשׁ, qadash) signifies setting apart for a holy purpose, emphasizing the spiritual preparation required for witnessing God's miracles. 4. The Role of the Priests Joshua instructed the priests to take up the ark of the covenant and pass on ahead of the people, leading the way (Joshua 3:6). This act symbolized the leadership of God through His appointed servants. 5. God's Assurance to Joshua The LORD told Joshua that He would begin to exalt him in the eyes of all Israel, so they would know that God was with him as He was with Moses (Joshua 3:7). This assurance was crucial for establishing Joshua's leadership. 6. Command to the Priests Joshua relayed God's command to the priests carrying the ark to stand still in the Jordan when they reached its edge (Joshua 3:8). This act of faith was pivotal for the miracle to occur. 7. Joshua's Address to the Israelites Joshua told the Israelites to come and listen to the words of the LORD, affirming that the living God was among them and would drive out the inhabitants of the land (Joshua 3:9-10). The term "living God" (אֱלֹהִים חַיִּים, Elohim Chayyim) underscores God's active presence and power. 8. The Miracle of the Jordan As soon as the priests carrying the ark stepped into the Jordan, the waters upstream stopped flowing and piled up in a heap, allowing the people to cross on dry ground (Joshua 3:13-17). This miraculous event mirrored the parting of the Red Sea, reinforcing God's continued faithfulness. 9. Completion of the Crossing The entire nation of Israel crossed over on dry ground, with the priests standing in the middle of the Jordan until everyone had crossed (Joshua 3:17). This event marked a significant transition into the Promised Land, fulfilling God's promise to the patriarchs. Lessons from Joshua 3 1. Trust in Divine Guidance In Joshua 3, the Israelites are instructed to follow the Ark of the Covenant as they prepare to cross the Jordan River. This teaches us the importance of trusting in God's guidance. "When you see the ark of the covenant of the LORD your God being carried by the Levitical priests, you are to set out from your positions and follow it" (Joshua 3:3). Just as the Israelites followed the Ark, we too should follow God's lead in our lives, trusting that He knows the best path for us. 2. Prepare for God's Wonders Before crossing the Jordan, Joshua tells the people, "Consecrate yourselves, for tomorrow the LORD will do wonders among you" (Joshua 3:5). This reminds us to prepare our hearts and minds for the amazing things God can do. By setting ourselves apart and focusing on His promises, we open ourselves to witnessing His miraculous works in our lives. 3. Step Out in Faith The priests carrying the Ark had to step into the Jordan River before it parted. "As soon as the priests carrying the ark reached the Jordan and their feet touched the water’s edge, the water from upstream stopped flowing" (Joshua 3:15-16). This act of faith demonstrates that sometimes we need to take the first step, trusting that God will provide the way forward. 4. Recognize God's Power The parting of the Jordan River is a powerful reminder of God's might. "The waters flowing downstream stood still, rising up in a heap" (Joshua 3:16). This event shows us that no obstacle is too great for God. When we face challenges, we can be confident in His ability to overcome them. 5. Follow God's Timing The Israelites crossed the Jordan at the exact moment God instructed. "The priests who carried the ark of the covenant of the LORD stood firm on dry ground in the middle of the Jordan" (Joshua 3:17). This teaches us the importance of waiting for God's perfect timing. His plans unfold at the right moment, and our patience is rewarded with His blessings. 6. Unity in Purpose The entire nation of Israel crossed the Jordan together, demonstrating unity and shared purpose. "All Israel crossed over on dry ground" (Joshua 3:17). This unity is a powerful example for us today, reminding us that when we work together with a common goal, we can achieve great things through God's strength. 7. Leadership and Obedience Joshua's leadership and the people's obedience to God's commands are central to this chapter. "Joshua said to the Israelites, 'Come here and listen to the words of the LORD your God'" (Joshua 3:9). This highlights the importance of strong, godly leadership and the willingness to follow God's instructions for success. 8. God's Faithfulness The crossing of the Jordan is a testament to God's faithfulness in fulfilling His promises. "This is how you will know that the living God is among you" (Joshua 3:10). Just as He was faithful to the Israelites, He remains faithful to us, keeping His promises and guiding us through life's challenges. 9. Memorialize God's Works Though not explicitly in Joshua 3, the subsequent chapters describe the setting up of memorial stones. This act serves as a reminder of God's miraculous deeds. We too should remember and celebrate God's work in our lives, using these memories to strengthen our faith and encourage others. 10. Embrace New Beginnings Crossing the Jordan marked a new chapter for the Israelites as they entered the Promised Land. This encourages us to embrace new beginnings with hope and trust in God's plan. "The LORD will certainly drive out before you the Canaanites, Hittites, Hivites, Perizzites, Girgashites, Amorites, and Jebusites" (Joshua 3:10). With God leading the way, we can confidently step into the future He has prepared for us. Topics 1. Preparation for Crossing the Jordan (Joshua 3:1-6) The Israelites, led by Joshua, prepare to cross the Jordan River. Joshua instructs the people to follow the Ark of the Covenant, which symbolizes God's presence. The Hebrew word for "ark" (אֲרוֹן, aron) signifies a sacred chest, emphasizing the holiness and guidance of God. 2. Instructions for the People (Joshua 3:7-13) God promises to exalt Joshua in the sight of Israel, affirming his leadership. Joshua relays God's instructions to the people, emphasizing the miraculous nature of the crossing. The priests carrying the Ark are to step into the Jordan, and the waters will be cut off. The Hebrew term for "cut off" (כָּרַת, karat) indicates a decisive action, highlighting God's power. 3. The Crossing of the Jordan (Joshua 3:14-17) As the priests carrying the Ark step into the Jordan, the waters are miraculously halted, allowing the Israelites to cross on dry ground. This event parallels the crossing of the Red Sea, reinforcing God's faithfulness and might. The Hebrew word for "dry ground" (חָרָבָה, charavah) underscores the complete removal of water, signifying divine intervention. Themes 1. Divine Guidance and Leadership In Joshua 3, the Israelites are instructed to follow the Ark of the Covenant as it is carried by the Levitical priests. This symbolizes God's guidance and leadership. The Ark represents God's presence among His people, and the Israelites are to keep a distance of about 2,000 cubits to show reverence and obedience (Joshua 3:3-4). The Hebrew word for "ark" (אֲרוֹן, aron) emphasizes its role as a sacred chest containing the tablets of the covenant. 2. Sanctification and Preparation Joshua commands the people to "consecrate yourselves, for tomorrow the LORD will do wonders among you" (Joshua 3:5). This theme highlights the importance of spiritual preparation and holiness before witnessing God's miraculous works. The Hebrew root for "consecrate" (קָדַשׁ, qadash) means to set apart or make holy, indicating a call to purity and readiness. 3. Faith and Obedience The crossing of the Jordan River requires faith and obedience from the Israelites. They must trust in God's promise and follow His instructions precisely. Joshua 3:13 states, "And when the soles of the feet of the priests carrying the ark of the LORD—the Lord of all the earth—touch the waters of the Jordan, its flowing waters will be cut off and will stand up in a heap" . The act of stepping into the river before it parts is a demonstration of faith. 4. God's Sovereignty and Power The miraculous stopping of the Jordan River's flow showcases God's sovereignty and power over nature. Joshua 3:16 describes how "the waters flowing downstream stood still, rising up in a heap very far away at Adam, the city beside Zarethan" . This event reaffirms God's control over creation and His ability to intervene supernaturally for His people. 5. Fulfillment of Promises The crossing of the Jordan River is a fulfillment of God's promise to bring the Israelites into the Promised Land. This theme underscores God's faithfulness to His covenant with Israel. Joshua 3:17 notes that "the priests carrying the ark of the covenant of the LORD stood firmly on dry ground in the middle of the Jordan, while all Israel crossed over on dry ground" , signifying the realization of God's promises. 6. Community and Unity The entire nation of Israel crosses the Jordan together, emphasizing the theme of community and unity. The collective action of the people, led by the priests and the Ark, illustrates the importance of communal faith and obedience. Joshua 3:1-2 mentions that "Joshua rose early in the morning, and they set out from Shittim and came to the Jordan, he and all the people of Israel" , highlighting their unified journey. 7. Memorialization of God's Acts Although more explicitly detailed in Joshua 4, the preparation for memorializing God's miraculous act begins in Joshua 3. The crossing is meant to be remembered by future generations as a testament to God's power and faithfulness. This theme is rooted in the Hebrew concept of "zakar" (זָכַר), meaning to remember or commemorate, which is central to Israel's identity and faith. Prayer Points Pray for Patience and Trust Ask God to help you trust in His timing and to wait patiently for His direction. Seek God's Presence Pray for a deeper awareness of God's presence in your life and the ability to follow His lead. Consecration and Holiness Ask God to help you consecrate yourself, removing any barriers that hinder your relationship with Him. Courage to Act in Faith Pray for the courage to step out in faith, trusting God to lead you through the challenges you face. As we reflect on Joshua 3, may we be inspired to trust in God's faithfulness, follow His guidance, and step out in faith, knowing that He is with us every step of the way. Answering Tough Questions 1. How could the Jordan River have stopped flowing on command as described in Joshua 3:13 without a natural explanation? 2. Why is there no clear extra-biblical record or archaeological evidence for this mass crossing in Joshua 3? 3. How can the timing of the harvest season in Joshua 3:15 align with a miraculous event instead of a known seasonal change in the river’s flow? 4. Why does a miracle of this scale in Joshua 3 seem unmentioned in other historical or nearby cultures' writings? 5. How does the crossing in Joshua 3 compare with contradictory or differing accounts of water-parting miracles elsewhere in the Bible? Bible Study Discussion Questions 1. How does the preparation of the Israelites reflect their faith in God's promise? 2. Why do you think it was important for the Ark of the Covenant to lead the way across the Jordan? 3. How does the miracle at the Jordan demonstrate the power of God? 4. Compare the leadership of Joshua and Moses. How does God’s promise to exalt Joshua impact his leadership? 5. How does the role of the priests reflect their commitment to their faith? 6. What lessons can you draw from the Israelites' obedience and faith? 7. How can the story of crossing the Jordan River influence your own faith journey? 8. Can you recall a situation in your life where you had to step out in faith, much like the Israelites crossing the Jordan? 9. What 'rivers' are you facing in your life right now? How can this chapter inspire you to handle them? 10. In what ways can you 'consecrate' yourself in preparation for God's intervention in your life? 11. How do you feel when you're in a situation where you must wait for God's timing, like the Israelites waiting to cross the Jordan? 12. How does the promise God made to the Israelites relate to His promises to us today? 13. How can the story of Joshua 3 encourage you when facing the 'Canaanites' in your life? 14. How does this chapter affect your understanding of obedience to God? 15. How can we discern God's guidance when faced with significant life decisions? 16. How can we stand firm in our faith, just like the priests holding the Ark in the middle of the Jordan? 17. What does 'exaltation' look like in a modern context? How does God exalt us in our daily lives? 18. What does it mean to trust in God's presence and guidance in times of transition or change? 19. How does this chapter change your perception of the possible 'miracles' in your life? 20. How can we continue to keep our faith strong, even when we have not yet seen the fulfillment of God's promises? Bible Hub Chapter Summaries and Bible Study Questions