◄ Philippians 3 ►
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Righteousness through Faith in Christ (Romans 3:21–31) 1Finally, my brothers, rejoice in the Lord. It is no trouble for me to write the same things to you again, and it is a safeguard for you. 2Watch out for those dogs, those workers of evil, those mutilators of the flesh! 3For it is we who are the circumcision, we who worship by the Spirit of God, who glory in Christ Jesus, and who put no confidence in the flesh— 4though I myself could have such confidence. If anyone else thinks he has grounds for confidence in the flesh, I have more: 5circumcised on the eighth day, of the people of Israel, of the tribe of Benjamin; a Hebrew of Hebrews; as to the law, a Pharisee; 6as to zeal, persecuting the church; as to righteousness in the law, faultless. 7But whatever was gain to me I count as loss for the sake of Christ. 8More than that, I count all things as loss compared to the surpassing excellence of knowing Christ Jesus my Lord, for whom I have lost all things. I consider them rubbish, that I may gain Christ 9and be found in Him, not having my own righteousness from the law, but that which is through faith in Christ,a the righteousness from God on the basis of faith. 10I want to know Christ and the power of His resurrection and the fellowship of His sufferings, being conformed to Him in His death, 11and so, somehow, to attain to the resurrection from the dead. Pressing on toward the Goal 12Not that I have already obtained all this, or have already been made perfect, but I press on to take hold of that for which Christ Jesus took hold of me. 13Brothers, I do not consider myself yet to have taken hold of it. But one thing I do: Forgetting what is behind and straining toward what is ahead, 14I press on toward the goal to win the prize of God’s heavenly calling in Christ Jesus. 15All of us who are mature should embrace this point of view. And if you think differently about some issue, God will reveal this to you as well. 16Nevertheless, we must live up to what we have already attained. Citizenship in Heaven 17Join one another in following my example, brothers, and carefully observe those who walk according to the pattern we set for you. 18For as I have often told you before, and now say again even with tears: Many live as enemies of the cross of Christ. 19Their end is destruction, their god is their belly, and their glory is in their shame. Their minds are set on earthly things. 20But our citizenship is in heaven, and we eagerly await a Savior from there, the Lord Jesus Christ, 21who, by the power that enables Him to subject all things to Himself, will transform our lowly bodies to be like His glorious body. Footnotes: 9 a Or through the faithfulness of Christ Berean Standard Bible (BSB) printed 2016, 2020, 2022, 2025 by Bible Hub and Berean.Bible. Produced in cooperation with Bible Hub, Discovery Bible, unfoldingWord, Bible Aquifer, OpenBible.com, and the Berean Bible Translation Committee. This text of God's Word has been dedicated to the public domain. Free downloads and unlimited usage available. See also the Berean Literal Bible and Berean Interlinear Bible. Bible Hub Philippians 3 Summary Pressing on toward the Goal Verses 1–3 – Rejoice and Beware Paul repeats his joyful call: “Rejoice in the Lord.” Yet the tone shifts quickly—believers must keep an eye out for “those dogs,” teachers who insist that physical circumcision is the gateway to God. Real covenant people are those who “worship by the Spirit of God… and put no confidence in the flesh.” Verses 4–6 – Paul’s Former Advantages If anyone could rely on earthly credentials, it was Paul: circumcised on the eighth day, from Israel’s prized tribe of Benjamin, a Hebrew of Hebrews, a Pharisee burning with zeal, spotless under the Law. That impressive résumé once looked like his ticket to God. Verses 7–11 – The Great Exchange Paul now calls every earthly gain “loss.” Knowing Christ Jesus overtakes all else. He wants a righteousness that comes by faith, not law-keeping. His life goal: “to know Him and the power of His resurrection and the fellowship of His sufferings.” Verses 12–16 – Still Running Paul hasn’t arrived. He is chasing, stretching, pressing toward the goal of full maturity in Christ. The past—good or bad—no longer rules him. He urges everyone “mature” to adopt the same mindset. Verses 17–21 – Eyes on Home The church should imitate Paul’s pattern, not the “enemies of the cross” whose minds are set on earthly things. Believers are already citizens of heaven, awaiting Jesus, who will transform lowly bodies to match His glorious one. Philippians 3 is a vibrant and challenging chapter from the Apostle Paul's letter to the church in Philippi. In it, Paul encourages believers to shift their focus from worldly accolades to the surpassing worth of knowing Jesus Christ. He emphasizes the pursuit of Christ as the ultimate goal, a call to strive for heavenly citizenship, and living in anticipation of Christ's return. Background of the Letter Philippians was written from Rome (Acts 28) around AD 60-62. The church in Philippi, first planted in Acts 16, had remained a faithful partner in Paul’s ministry, even sending gifts when others did not (Philippians 4:15-16). Setting in Philippi • A Roman colony populated by retired soldiers. • Latin was common, but Greek culture remained strong. • The city boasted a proud “citizenship” culture, making Paul’s talk of heavenly citizenship especially pointed. Key Words and Phrases • “Rejoice” (v. 1) – sixteenth use in the letter; joy is not optional. • “Dogs” (v. 2) – harsh street term for scavengers, flipping the Jewish insult toward Gentiles back on false teachers. • “Press on” (v. 12) – athletic verb for a runner leaning into the tape. Paul’s List of Credentials Paul’s seven-part pedigree (vv. 5-6) mirrors what first-century Jews prized most: birthright, tribe, upbringing, education, passion, obedience, and reputation. Yet all seven are tossed aside like rubbish (“skubalon,” refuse) compared to Christ. Comparison with Other Scriptures • Galatians 5:12 – Paul uses similar language against circumcision-pushers. • Romans 10:3-4 – righteousness through faith, not the law. • Hebrews 12:1-2 – running the race with eyes on Jesus echoes vv. 12-14. • Colossians 3:1-4 – setting minds on things above aligns with vv. 19-20. Knowing Christ and the Power of His Resurrection To “know” is relational, not merely factual (see John 17:3). Paul longs to experience: 1. Resurrection power now—victory over sin (Romans 6:4). 2. Fellowship in suffering—sharing Christ’s mission (2 Corinthians 1:5). 3. Final resurrection—bodily glory (1 Corinthians 15:52-53). Forgetting What Lies Behind • Past failures: forgiven (Psalm 103:12). • Past successes: surrendered (Luke 14:33). • Present focus: the upward call (Hebrews 3:1). Enemies of the Cross Their god is appetite, glory is shame, destiny is destruction (v. 19). Similar profiles appear in 2 Timothy 3:1-5 and Jude 4. They may talk Christian but live self-centered. Citizens of Heaven Roman citizenship was prized in Philippi, yet Paul says a higher passport rules: • Rights: access to the Father (Ephesians 2:18). • Responsibilities: live worthy of the gospel (Philippians 1:27). • Hope: Christ’s return and bodily transformation (1 John 3:2). Archaeological Window into Philippi • Ruins of the forum reveal inscriptions honoring the emperor—contrast to confessing “Jesus is Lord.” • A first-century jail with iron fittings resembles the place Paul and Silas sang hymns (Acts 16:25). • Carved reliefs of athletic contests along the Via Egnatia illustrate Paul’s racing metaphors. Practical Applications • Joy is anchored in the Lord, not circumstances. • Spiritual pride is lethal; trust Christ alone. • Keep moving forward—growth is a marathon, not a leap. • Evaluate teachers by their fruit and doctrine. • Remember where home truly is; let heaven’s values shape today’s choices. Connections to Additional Scriptures Romans 3:22-24 Discusses righteousness through faith in Jesus Christ for all who believe. Hebrews 12:1-2 Encourages believers to run with perseverance the race marked out for them, fixing their eyes on Jesus. 2 Timothy 4:7-8 Paul reflects on having fought the good fight and finished the race, anticipating the crown of righteousness. Teaching Points Confidence in the Flesh vs. Confidence in Christ Paul begins by warning against placing confidence in the flesh, listing his own credentials and achievements (Philippians 3:4-6). He then declares, But whatever was gain to me I count as loss for the sake of Christ (Philippians 3:7). The Surpassing Worth of Knowing Christ Paul emphasizes the incomparable value of knowing Christ Jesus, stating, I consider everything a loss compared to the surpassing greatness of knowing Christ Jesus my Lord (Philippians 3:8). Righteousness Through Faith Paul contrasts righteousness based on the law with righteousness through faith in Christ, saying, Not having my own righteousness from the law, but that which is through faith in Christ (Philippians 3:9). Pressing On Toward the Goal Paul uses the metaphor of a race to describe the Christian journey, encouraging believers to press on toward the goal to win the prize of God’s heavenly calling in Christ Jesus (Philippians 3:14). Imitating Christ and Godly Examples Paul urges believers to follow his example and to keep your eyes on those who walk according to the example you have in us (Philippians 3:17). Practical Applications Evaluate Your Priorities Regularly assess what you value most in life. Are there areas where you need to shift your focus from worldly achievements to knowing Christ more deeply? Cultivate Faith-Based Righteousness Embrace the righteousness that comes through faith in Christ, rather than relying on personal accomplishments or adherence to the law. Pursue Spiritual Growth Like an athlete in a race, commit to spiritual disciplines that help you grow closer to Christ and press on toward the heavenly prize. Seek Godly Mentors Identify and learn from mature Christians who exemplify a Christ-centered life, and strive to imitate their faith and conduct. People 1. Paul The apostle and author of the letter to the Philippians. In Philippians 3, Paul shares his personal testimony, emphasizing his background, achievements, and the transformation he experienced through Christ. He writes about his former confidence in the flesh and his current pursuit of knowing Christ. Paul is central to the chapter as he uses his own life as an example of the Christian journey. 2. Christ Jesus Referred to as the ultimate goal and prize for believers. Paul expresses his desire to know Christ and the power of His resurrection, as well as to share in His sufferings. Christ is the focal point of Paul's life and teachings, and he encourages believers to press on toward the goal of becoming more like Him. 3. The Circumcision This term is used by Paul to describe true believers who worship by the Spirit of God and glory in Christ Jesus, putting no confidence in the flesh. It contrasts with those who rely on physical circumcision and adherence to the law for righteousness. 4. Enemies of the Cross of Christ Paul warns about individuals who live as enemies of the cross, whose end is destruction, whose god is their belly, and whose glory is in their shame. These individuals set their minds on earthly things, in contrast to the heavenly focus that Paul advocates. 5. Timothy and Epaphroditus While not directly mentioned in Philippians 3, they are key figures in the letter as a whole. Timothy is Paul's close companion and fellow worker, and Epaphroditus is a messenger from the Philippian church who ministered to Paul. Their presence in the letter provides context for the relationships and community Paul is addressing. In Philippians 3, Paul uses his own life and experiences to illustrate the transformative power of faith in Christ, contrasting it with reliance on human achievements and legalistic righteousness. The chapter emphasizes the importance of pursuing a deeper relationship with Christ and living with a heavenly perspective. Places 1. The Past (Philippians 3:4-6) Paul reflects on his past achievements and status in Judaism, describing his credentials and accomplishments. He mentions being "circumcised on the eighth day, of the people of Israel, of the tribe of Benjamin, a Hebrew of Hebrews; in regard to the law, a Pharisee; as for zeal, persecuting the church; as for righteousness based on the law, faultless." This "place" is a metaphorical reference to his former life and identity before knowing Christ. 2. The Present (Philippians 3:7-11) Paul contrasts his past with his present life in Christ. He considers everything he once valued as "loss" compared to the "surpassing worth of knowing Christ Jesus my Lord." This shift represents a new spiritual "place" where his identity and values are rooted in his relationship with Christ. 3. The Goal (Philippians 3:12-14) Paul speaks of pressing on toward the goal to win the prize for which God has called him heavenward in Christ Jesus. This "place" is a metaphor for his spiritual journey and the ultimate aim of his faith, which is to attain the resurrection from the dead. 4. The Future (Philippians 3:20-21) Paul describes the believers' citizenship in heaven and the anticipation of the return of the Savior, the Lord Jesus Christ. This "place" is a future hope and reality for Christians, emphasizing their heavenly citizenship and the transformation of their bodies to be like Christ's glorious body. While Philippians 3 does not mention physical locations, these metaphorical "places" are central to understanding Paul's message and the spiritual journey he describes. Events 1. Warning Against False Teachers Paul begins by warning the Philippians to "beware of the dogs, beware of the evil workers, beware of the false circumcision" (Philippians 3:2). The term "dogs" (Greek: κύνες, kynes) was often used to describe those who were considered impure or unclean, and here it refers to false teachers who promote legalism. 2. True Circumcision Paul contrasts the false circumcision with the true believers, stating, "For we are the circumcision, who worship by the Spirit of God and glory in Christ Jesus and put no confidence in the flesh" (Philippians 3:3). The Greek word for "worship" (λατρεύω, latreuō) implies serving or ministering, emphasizing a spiritual rather than physical act. 3. Paul’s Credentials and Loss for Christ Paul lists his Jewish credentials, including being "circumcised on the eighth day, of the people of Israel, of the tribe of Benjamin, a Hebrew of Hebrews" (Philippians 3:5). Despite these credentials, he considers them loss for the sake of Christ, using the Greek word ζημία (zēmia), meaning damage or loss (Philippians 3:7). 4. The Surpassing Worth of Knowing Christ Paul expresses the value of knowing Christ, saying, "I count everything as loss because of the surpassing worth of knowing Christ Jesus my Lord" (Philippians 3:8). The Greek word for "knowing" (γνῶσις, gnōsis) implies an experiential and relational knowledge. 5. Righteousness Through Faith Paul emphasizes righteousness through faith, not by the law: "not having my own righteousness from the law, but that which is through faith in Christ" (Philippians 3:9). The Greek term for "faith" (πίστις, pistis) denotes trust and belief. 6. Pressing Toward the Goal Paul describes his pursuit of spiritual maturity: "I press on toward the goal to win the prize of God’s heavenly calling in Christ Jesus" (Philippians 3:14). The Greek word for "press on" (διώκω, diōkō) suggests a vigorous and determined effort. 7. Imitating Paul’s Example Paul encourages the Philippians to follow his example: "Join one another in following my example, brothers, and carefully observe those who walk according to the pattern we set for you" (Philippians 3:17). The Greek word for "example" (τύπος, typos) refers to a model or pattern to be followed. 8. Warning Against Enemies of the Cross Paul warns about those who are "enemies of the cross of Christ" (Philippians 3:18), whose "end is destruction, their god is their belly, and their glory is in their shame" (Philippians 3:19). The Greek word for "destruction" (ἀπώλεια, apōleia) indicates ruin or loss. 9. Citizenship in Heaven Paul reminds the Philippians of their heavenly citizenship: "But our citizenship is in heaven, and we eagerly await a Savior from there, the Lord Jesus Christ" (Philippians 3:20). The Greek word for "citizenship" (πολίτευμα, politeuma) refers to a commonwealth or community. 10. Transformation of Our Bodies Paul concludes with the promise of transformation: "He will transform our lowly bodies to be like His glorious body" (Philippians 3:21). The Greek word for "transform" (μετασχηματίζω, metaschēmatizō) means to change in form or appearance. Lessons from Philippians 3 1. The Value of Knowing Christ In Philippians 3:8, Paul declares, "I consider everything a loss compared to the surpassing greatness of knowing Christ Jesus my Lord." This verse reminds us that all worldly achievements and possessions pale in comparison to the profound joy and fulfillment found in a relationship with Jesus. Prioritizing our spiritual journey over material gains can lead to a more meaningful and purpose-driven life. 2. Righteousness Through Faith Paul emphasizes in Philippians 3:9 that righteousness comes "through faith in Christ—the righteousness from God on the basis of faith." This lesson teaches us that our standing before God is not based on our own efforts or merits but on our faith in Jesus. Embracing this truth can free us from the burden of trying to earn God's favor and allow us to rest in His grace. 3. Pressing On Toward the Goal In Philippians 3:13-14, Paul encourages us to "forget what is behind and strain toward what is ahead." This powerful imagery of pressing on toward the goal reminds us to focus on our spiritual journey and the eternal prize that awaits us. By letting go of past mistakes and distractions, we can move forward with renewed determination and hope. 4. The Power of Resurrection Philippians 3:10 speaks of the desire "to know Christ and the power of His resurrection." This lesson highlights the transformative power of Christ's resurrection, which not only assures us of eternal life but also empowers us to live victoriously in the present. Embracing this power can inspire us to overcome challenges and live boldly for Christ. 5. The Fellowship of Suffering Paul shares in Philippians 3:10 his longing to "participate in His sufferings." While suffering is not something we naturally seek, this lesson teaches us that sharing in Christ's sufferings can deepen our relationship with Him and refine our character. It is through trials that we often experience God's presence and strength most profoundly. 6. The Call to Humility Philippians 3:12 reminds us that we have not yet "obtained all this" or "arrived at our goal." This lesson encourages humility, acknowledging that we are all works in progress. Recognizing our need for growth keeps us dependent on God's guidance and open to His transformative work in our lives. 7. Citizenship in Heaven In Philippians 3:20, Paul declares, "Our citizenship is in heaven." This profound truth shifts our perspective from earthly concerns to eternal realities. Understanding our heavenly citizenship can influence our priorities, values, and decisions, encouraging us to live with an eternal mindset and invest in what truly matters. 8. Imitating Godly Examples Paul urges the Philippians in 3:17 to "join together in following my example." This lesson underscores the importance of surrounding ourselves with godly influences and mentors who can guide us in our spiritual journey. By learning from those who faithfully follow Christ, we can grow in wisdom and maturity. 9. Guarding Against Distractions Philippians 3:18-19 warns of those who "live as enemies of the cross of Christ." This lesson serves as a reminder to be vigilant against influences that can lead us astray. By staying rooted in Scripture and prayer, we can guard our hearts and minds against distractions that hinder our spiritual growth. 10. The Joy of Anticipation Finally, Philippians 3:21 speaks of the transformation that awaits us when Christ returns. This lesson fills us with hope and joy as we anticipate the day when we will be made like Him. Keeping our eyes on this glorious future can inspire us to live faithfully and joyfully in the present, knowing that our ultimate reward is secure. Topics 1. Warning Against Confidence in the Flesh (Philippians 3:1-3) Paul begins by urging the Philippians to "rejoice in the Lord" and warns them against placing confidence in the flesh. He refers to those who rely on circumcision and the law as "dogs" and "evildoers," emphasizing that true believers are those who worship by the Spirit of God and glory in Christ Jesus, not in human efforts. 2. Paul’s Credentials and Their Worthlessness (Philippians 3:4-7) Paul lists his impressive Jewish credentials, including being "circumcised on the eighth day" and a "Hebrew of Hebrews." However, he considers these gains as "loss for the sake of Christ," highlighting the futility of relying on human achievements for righteousness. 3. The Surpassing Worth of Knowing Christ (Philippians 3:8-11) Paul expresses that everything is "loss compared to the surpassing greatness of knowing Christ Jesus." He desires to be found in Christ, not having a righteousness of his own, but that which comes through faith in Christ. The Greek word for "knowing" (γνῶσις, gnōsis) implies an intimate, experiential knowledge. 4. Pressing On Toward the Goal (Philippians 3:12-14) Paul acknowledges that he has not yet attained perfection but is "pressing on" to take hold of that for which Christ took hold of him. He uses the metaphor of a race, "forgetting what is behind and straining toward what is ahead," to describe his pursuit of the heavenly prize. 5. Imitating Paul and Living as Citizens of Heaven (Philippians 3:15-21) Paul encourages mature believers to adopt this mindset and warns against those who live as "enemies of the cross of Christ." He contrasts earthly-minded individuals with believers whose "citizenship is in heaven." The Greek term for "citizenship" (πολίτευμα, politeuma) reflects a sense of belonging and allegiance to a heavenly kingdom. Themes 1. Rejoicing in the Lord Paul begins the chapter by encouraging believers to "rejoice in the Lord" (Philippians 3:1). This theme emphasizes the importance of finding joy in Christ, regardless of circumstances. The Greek word for rejoice, "χαίρω" (chairō), conveys a deep, abiding joy that is rooted in faith. 2. Warning Against False Teachers Paul warns the Philippians to "beware of the dogs, beware of the evil workers, beware of the false circumcision" (Philippians 3:2). This theme highlights the danger of false teachings and the need for discernment. The term "dogs" (Greek: "κύνες," kynes) was a derogatory term used for those who distorted the Gospel. 3. True Circumcision Paul contrasts physical circumcision with being the "true circumcision," who "worship by the Spirit of God and glory in Christ Jesus and put no confidence in the flesh" (Philippians 3:3). This theme underscores the spiritual nature of true faith, which is not reliant on external rituals but on a heart transformed by the Spirit. 4. Paul’s Credentials and Loss for Christ Paul lists his Jewish credentials and accomplishments but considers them "loss for the sake of Christ" (Philippians 3:7). This theme illustrates the surpassing value of knowing Christ over any earthly status or achievement. The Greek word for loss, "ζημία" (zēmia), indicates a complete forfeiture of what was once considered valuable. 5. Righteousness Through Faith Paul emphasizes that righteousness comes "through faith in Christ—the righteousness from God on the basis of faith" (Philippians 3:9). This theme is central to the doctrine of justification by faith, highlighting that righteousness is a gift from God, not earned by human effort. 6. Knowing Christ and His Power Paul expresses his desire to "know Him and the power of His resurrection and the fellowship of His sufferings" (Philippians 3:10). This theme focuses on the intimate relationship with Christ and the transformative power of His resurrection, as well as sharing in His sufferings. 7. Pressing Toward the Goal Paul describes his pursuit of the "goal for the prize of the upward call of God in Christ Jesus" (Philippians 3:14). This theme encourages believers to remain focused and diligent in their spiritual journey, striving toward the ultimate reward of eternal life with Christ. 8. Heavenly Citizenship Paul reminds the Philippians that "our citizenship is in heaven" (Philippians 3:20). This theme emphasizes the believer's identity and hope, which are anchored in the eternal kingdom of God rather than earthly affiliations. Prayer Points Thanksgiving for Salvation Thank God for the gift of salvation and the righteousness that comes through faith in Christ. Desire to Know Christ More Pray for a deeper desire to know Christ and to value Him above all else. Strength to Press On Ask for strength and perseverance to press on toward the goal of the heavenly calling. Guidance in Choosing Mentors Seek God’s guidance in identifying and learning from godly examples in your life. May this study of Philippians 3 inspire you to pursue a deeper relationship with Christ, valuing Him above all else and pressing on toward the eternal prize. Answering Tough Questions 1. How can Paul claim to be “blameless” under the law in Philippians 3:6 if other scriptures (like Romans 3:10) state that no one is righteous? 2. Is Paul’s hope to “attain the resurrection from the dead” in Philippians 3:11 scientifically plausible in light of modern evidence against bodily resurrection? 3. Does the promise that Jesus will transform “our lowly bodies” in Philippians 3:21 conflict with established biological and medical understanding of human mortality? 4. How can Paul’s view of all his achievements as “loss” in Philippians 3:7–8 be reconciled with other Bible passages that stress the value of good works and moral responsibility? 5. Does Paul’s emphasis on “citizenship in heaven” in Philippians 3:20 undermine the Bible’s instructions (like in Romans 13:1–7) to respect and submit to earthly governments? Bible Study Discussion Questions 1. What are the false teachings Paul warns against in Philippians 3:1-3? 2. How does Paul's view of his own religious credentials challenge societal values? 3. How does the concept of righteousness through faith differ from righteousness through works? 4. In what ways have you found the worth of knowing Christ surpassing everything else in your life? 5. What does it mean to "press on toward the goal" in your daily life? 6. How can you live up to what you have already attained in Christ? 7. How can we apply the principle of forgetting what lies behind and straining toward what is ahead? 8. How does the concept of heavenly citizenship influence your perspective on your role in society? 9. How does anticipating Christ's return impact your daily decisions and actions? 10. How does Paul's perspective on his physical body inform our understanding of physical versus spiritual priorities? 11. In what ways are you tempted to put confidence in the flesh, and how can you shift that confidence to faith in Christ? 12. How does knowing your citizenship is in heaven impact your interaction with worldly issues? 13. How does the hope of bodily transformation inspire you in your Christian walk? 14. How can you encourage others to live as citizens of heaven? 15. What worldly accolades or accomplishments are challenging for you to view as "rubbish" compared to the worth of knowing Christ? 16. How can you strive to know Christ better in your daily life? 17. How does the principle of "pressing on toward the goal" affect your approach to challenges and setbacks? 18. How does the idea of living as a heavenly citizen influence your attitudes and actions in your community? 19. What practical steps can you take to ensure that your mind is set on heavenly, not earthly things? 20. How does the concept of the transformation of our bodies into glorious bodies like Christ's affect your view of aging, illness, or physical hardships? Bible Hub Chapter Summaries and Bible Study Questions