◄ 2 Chronicles 2 ►
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Preparations for the Temple (1 Kings 5:1–6) 1Now Solomon purposed to build a house for the Name of the LORD and a royal palace for himself. 2So he conscripted 70,000 porters, 80,000 stonecutters in the mountains, and 3,600 supervisors. 3Then Solomon sent word to Hirama king of Tyre: “Do for me as you did for my father David when you sent him cedars to build himself a house to live in. 4Behold, I am about to build a house for the Name of the LORD my God to dedicate to Him for burning fragrant incense before Him, for displaying the showbread continuously, and for making burnt offerings every morning and evening as well as on the Sabbaths, New Moons, and appointed feasts of the LORD our God. This is ordained for Israel forever. 5The house that I am building will be great, for our God is greater than all gods. 6But who is able to build a house for Him, since the heavens, even the highest heavens, cannot contain Him? Who then am I, that I should build a house for Him, except as a place to burn sacrifices before Him? 7Send me, therefore, a craftsman skilled in engraving to work with gold and silver, with bronze and iron, and with purple, crimson, and blue yarn. He will work with my craftsmen in Judah and Jerusalem, whom my father David provided. 8Send me also cedar, cypress,b and algumc logs from Lebanon, for I know that your servants have skill to cut timber there. And indeed, my servants will work with yours 9to prepare for me timber in abundance, because the temple I am building will be great and wonderful. 10I will pay your servants, the woodcutters, 20,000 cors of ground wheat,d 20,000 cors of barley,e 20,000 baths of wine,f and 20,000 baths of olive oil.g” Hiram’s Reply to Solomon (1 Kings 5:7–12) 11Then Hiram king of Tyre wrote a letter in reply to Solomon: “Because the LORD loves His people, He has set you over them as king.” 12And Hiram added: “Blessed be the LORD, the God of Israel, who made the heavens and the earth! He has given King David a wise son with insight and understanding, who will build a temple for the LORD and a royal palace for himself. 13So now I am sending you Huram-abi, a skillful man endowed with creativity.h 14He is the son of a woman from the daughters of Dan, and his father is a man of Tyre. He is skilled in work with gold and silver, bronze and iron, stone and wood, purple, blue, and crimson yarn, and fine linen. He is experienced in every kind of engraving and can execute any design that is given him. He will work with your craftsmen and with those of my lord, your father David. 15Now let my lord send to his servants the wheat, barley, olive oil, and wine he promised. 16We will cut logs from Lebanon, as many as you need, and we will float them to you as rafts by sea down to Joppa. Then you can take them up to Jerusalem.” 17Solomon numbered all the foreign men in the land of Israel following the census his father David had conducted, and there were found to be 153,600 in all. 18Solomon made 70,000 of them porters, 80,000 stonecutters in the mountains, and 3,600 supervisors. Footnotes: 3 a Hebrew Huram, a variant of Hiram; also in verses 11 and 12 8 b Or pine or juniper or fir 8 c Algum is probably a variant of almug; see 1 Kings 10:11. 10 d 20,000 cors is approximately 124,800 bushels or 4.4 million liters (probably about 3,800 tons or 3,400 metric tons of wheat). 10 e 20,000 cors is approximately 124,800 bushels or 4.4 million liters (probably about 2,910 tons or 2,700 metric tons of barley). 10 f 20,000 baths is approximately 116,000 gallons or 440,000 liters of wine. 10 g Or 20,000 baths of oil; that is, approximately 116,000 gallons or 440,000 liters 13 h Or understanding Berean Standard Bible (BSB) printed 2016, 2020, 2022, 2025 by Bible Hub and Berean.Bible. Produced in cooperation with Bible Hub, Discovery Bible, unfoldingWord, Bible Aquifer, OpenBible.com, and the Berean Bible Translation Committee. This text of God's Word has been dedicated to the public domain. Free downloads and unlimited usage available. See also the Berean Literal Bible and Berean Interlinear Bible. Bible Hub 2 Chronicles 2 Summary Preparations for the Temple Verses 1–2 – Solomon’s Two Grand Projects and Work Force Solomon sets his heart “to build a house for the Name of the LORD and a royal palace for himself.” He assigns 70,000 carriers, 80,000 stonecutters in the hills, and 3,600 overseers—153,600 workers in all—to get the work started. Verses 3–10 – Solomon’s Letter to King Hiram The king writes to Hiram of Tyre for cedar, cypress, and algum logs, plus a master craftsman. He declares, “The temple I am building will be great, for our God is greater than all gods,” yet even that structure “cannot contain Him.” Solomon promises generous food supplies in exchange for the timber and expertise. Verses 11–16 – Hiram’s Blessing and Partnership Hiram replies with praise: “Because the LORD loves His people, He has made you king over them.” He sends Huram-abi, a gifted artisan whose mother is from Dan and father from Tyre, skilled in every kind of artistic work. Hiram also arranges floating timber rafts to Joppa for overland transport to Jerusalem. Verses 17–18 – The Census and Organization of Labor Solomon counts the resident foreigners “as his father David had done” and reorganizes the 153,600 into carriers, stonecutters, and overseers, setting the stage for the temple’s foundations. 2 Chronicles 2 centers around King Solomon's wise preparations for constructing the grand Temple of God in Jerusalem. He demonstrates his dedication and prudence in this task, as he meticulously outlines his workforce, identifies materials, and seeks expert help from King Hiram of Tyre. Historical Setting • 10th century BC, early in Solomon’s reign (cf. 1 Kings 5). • Israel enjoys peace on every side (1 Kings 4:24), allowing resources to be poured into worship rather than war. • Chronicles highlights the temple as the heart of national life, pointing readers back to David’s charge (1 Chron 28:10) and forward to restoration hopes after exile. Key Themes 1. God-Centered Vision: Solomon’s first task is a house “for the Name of the LORD,” not for personal glory (2 Chron 2:5–6). 2. Partnership: Israel joins with Gentile Tyre, hinting at God’s wider plan (Isaiah 56:6–7). 3. Skill and Beauty in Worship: Artisans are Spirit-gifted (Exodus 31:2-6) and international. Good workmanship honors God. 4. Order and Administration: Clear job descriptions (v. 2, 18) show practical wisdom (Proverbs 24:3–4). Archaeological Insights • Cedar of Lebanon: Ancient shipping records and timber-laden Phoenician reliefs confirm the famous trade. Cedar resists rot—ideal for beams and paneling. • Joppa Harbor: Excavations reveal Late Bronze and Iron Age docking facilities, matching the account of timber floated south. • Stone Quarries: Subterranean quarries beneath Jerusalem’s “Zedekiah’s Cave” still bear chisel marks like those used for temple stones. Solomon and Hiram: International Diplomacy • Treaty roots: David and Hiram were allies (1 Kings 5:1). The friendship extends into Solomon’s reign, reflecting Proverbs 16:7. • Exchange rates: Wheat, barley, wine, and oil (v. 10) match Phoenicia’s need for food and Israel’s need for timber—a win-win arrangement. • Hiram’s theology: “Blessed be the LORD, the God of Israel” (v. 12). A pagan king acknowledges Israel’s God, echoing Rahab (Joshua 2:11) and Naaman (2 Kings 5:15). Temple Materials and Symbolism • Cedar (longevity), Cypress (fragrance), Algum (rich color) point to durability and beauty—worthy of divine worship. • Gold, silver, bronze, and iron (v. 7) recall the tabernacle metals (Exodus 25–27), showing continuity with Moses. • “Blue, purple, and crimson yarn” connect to priestly garments (Exodus 28:5–6), blending building and ministry. Labor Force and Social Structure • 153,600 workers match the census in 2 Chron 2:17-18; foreigners perform heavy labor while Israelites serve as soldiers and administrators (1 Kings 9:22). • Overseers (3,600) ensure quality and fairness—early project management! • The mix of free and conscripted labor foreshadows later abuses (1 Kings 12:4), reminding leaders to balance ambition with compassion. Foreigner Census and Gentile Participation • “Resident aliens” (gerim) are counted but not excluded. They are woven into Israel’s greatest worship project, previewing Ephesians 2:19 — “fellow citizens with the saints.” • Huram-abi’s mixed parentage mirrors Bezalel’s helper Oholiab from Dan (Exodus 31:6). God values skill over pedigree. Foreshadows of Christ and New Testament Connections • “A house for the Name of the LORD” (v. 1) anticipates John 1:14 — “the Word became flesh and tabernacled among us.” • The temple’s greatness yet inadequacy (v. 6) points to Christ, who is both the true temple (John 2:19-21) and its fulfillment. • Solomon’s wisdom in administration foreshadows Jesus, “one greater than Solomon” (Matthew 12:42). • Gentile cooperation prefigures Acts 10, where the gospel opens fully to the nations. Lessons for Today • Put worship first. Solomon’s priority challenges modern schedules and budgets. • Excellence honors God. Skilled labor, careful planning, and aesthetic beauty all have a place in ministry. • Unity across cultures. Israelites and Phoenicians show that God’s work often requires partnerships beyond our borders. • God is bigger than our buildings. Even a golden temple cannot contain Him; our hearts must remain the true sanctuary (1 Corinthians 3:16). Connections to Additional Scriptures 1 Kings 5:1-12 Parallel account of Solomon's preparations for building the temple, emphasizing the collaboration with Hiram. Psalm 127:1 Unless the LORD builds the house, its builders labor in vain. This verse underscores the necessity of God's involvement in our endeavors. 1 Corinthians 3:16-17 Paul speaks of believers as God's temple, highlighting the importance of holiness and dedication to God. Teaching Points Solomon's Intentions Solomon's desire to build a temple for the Lord is rooted in his commitment to honor God, as seen in 2 Chronicles 2:1, Now Solomon purposed to build a house for the Name of the LORD and a royal palace for himself. Collaboration and Resources Solomon's request for materials and skilled labor from King Hiram of Tyre (2 Chronicles 2:3-10) demonstrates the importance of collaboration and utilizing God-given resources for His glory. Recognition of God's Greatness Solomon acknowledges the greatness of God, stating, But who is able to build a house for Him, since the heavens, even the highest heavens, cannot contain Him? (2 Chronicles 2:6). This reflects a humble recognition of God's majesty. Purpose of the Temple The temple was intended as a place for worship and sacrifice, emphasizing the centrality of worship in the life of God's people (2 Chronicles 2:4). Skilled Labor and Excellence Solomon's emphasis on skilled labor (2 Chronicles 2:7-8) highlights the value of excellence and craftsmanship in serving God. Practical Applications Dedication to God's Work Like Solomon, we should be intentional and dedicated in our efforts to serve and honor God in all we do. Utilizing Resources Wisely We are called to use our resources, talents, and relationships to further God's kingdom, seeking collaboration when necessary. Reverence for God Recognize God's greatness and approach Him with humility and reverence in our worship and daily lives. Centrality of Worship Make worship a central part of our lives, understanding its importance in our relationship with God. Pursuit of Excellence Strive for excellence in our work and service, offering our best to God as an act of worship. People 1. Solomon Solomon, the son of David, is the king of Israel who initiates the construction of the temple for the name of the LORD. He is known for his wisdom and wealth, and his reign is marked by peace and prosperity. In 2 Chronicles 2:1, Solomon is described as making preparations to build a house for the name of the LORD and a royal palace for himself. 2. Hiram (Huram) Hiram, also known as Huram, is the king of Tyre. He is a friend of David and continues this friendship with Solomon. In 2 Chronicles 2:3, Solomon sends a message to Hiram, requesting materials and skilled workers for the temple construction. Hiram responds positively, providing cedar and juniper logs from Lebanon. 3. Huram-Abi Huram-Abi is a skilled craftsman sent by King Hiram to assist Solomon. In 2 Chronicles 2:13-14, he is described as a man of great skill, understanding, and knowledge in working with gold, silver, bronze, iron, stone, wood, and various textiles. His mother is from the tribe of Dan, and his father is a man of Tyre. Places 1. Lebanon Lebanon is referenced as the source of cedar and other timber for the construction of the temple. The region was renowned for its quality cedar trees, which were highly valued for building. The Hebrew word for Lebanon is "לְבָנוֹן" (Levanon), which is often associated with its white mountain peaks and forests. 2. Tyre Tyre is mentioned in the context of King Hiram of Tyre, who provided skilled laborers and materials for the temple construction. Tyre was a prominent Phoenician city known for its trade and craftsmanship. The Hebrew name for Tyre is "צֹר" (Tzor). 3. Jerusalem While not explicitly named in this chapter, Jerusalem is the implied location where the temple is to be built. It is the central city of worship for the Israelites and the site chosen by Solomon for the temple. The Hebrew name for Jerusalem is "יְרוּשָׁלַיִם" (Yerushalayim). Events 1. Solomon's Decision to Build the Temple Solomon decides to build a temple for the Name of the LORD and a royal palace for himself. This reflects his commitment to fulfilling his father David's vision (2 Chronicles 2:1). 2. Solomon's Request to Hiram Solomon sends a message to Hiram, king of Tyre, requesting cedar logs from Lebanon. He acknowledges Hiram's past support for David and seeks skilled workers (2 Chronicles 2:3). The Hebrew term for "cedar" (אֶרֶז, 'erez) signifies the quality and durability of the wood. 3. Solomon's Offer of Compensation Solomon offers to provide food for Hiram's household in exchange for the timber and skilled laborers. This demonstrates the mutual benefit and cooperation between the two kingdoms (2 Chronicles 2:10). 4. Solomon's Acknowledgment of God's Greatness Solomon acknowledges that the temple he is building cannot contain God, as "the heavens, even the highest heavens, cannot contain Him" (2 Chronicles 2:6). This reflects the Hebrew understanding of God's transcendence. 5. Hiram's Response to Solomon Hiram responds positively to Solomon's request, blessing the LORD for giving David a wise son to rule over Israel. He agrees to supply the timber and sends skilled workers (2 Chronicles 2:11-14). 6. Agreement on Labor and Materials An agreement is reached on the exchange of materials and labor. Hiram will send cedar, cypress, and algum logs, while Solomon will provide wheat, barley, wine, and olive oil (2 Chronicles 2:15). 7. Solomon's Labor Force Solomon organizes a labor force of 153,600 men, including 70,000 burden-bearers, 80,000 stonecutters, and 3,600 overseers. This reflects the scale and complexity of the temple project (2 Chronicles 2:17-18). Lessons from 2 Chronicles 2 1. The Importance of Preparation In 2 Chronicles 2, we see Solomon preparing to build a temple for the Lord. Preparation is key in any endeavor, especially when it comes to serving God. Solomon's meticulous planning reminds us that our efforts should be intentional and well thought out. As it is written, "Now I am building a house for the Name of the LORD my God, to dedicate it to Him" (2 Chronicles 2:4). Just as Solomon prepared to honor God, we too should prepare our hearts and minds to serve Him in all we do. 2. Recognizing God's Greatness Solomon acknowledges the greatness of God, stating, "But who is able to build a house for Him, since the heavens, even the highest heavens, cannot contain Him?" (2 Chronicles 2:6). This recognition of God's majesty is a humbling reminder that our Creator is beyond our comprehension. In our daily lives, acknowledging God's greatness can inspire awe and reverence, motivating us to live in a way that honors Him. 3. The Value of Skilled Workmanship Solomon sought skilled workers to construct the temple, emphasizing the value of craftsmanship and excellence. "Send me, therefore, a craftsman skilled in gold, silver, bronze, and iron" (2 Chronicles 2:7). This teaches us that God values the talents and skills He has given us. Whether in our careers or personal projects, we should strive for excellence, using our gifts to glorify God. 4. Collaboration and Unity Solomon's collaboration with King Hiram of Tyre highlights the power of unity and cooperation. "Now send me cedar logs from Lebanon" (2 Chronicles 2:8). Working together with others, even those outside our immediate community, can lead to greater achievements. In our lives, fostering unity and collaboration can help us accomplish more for God's kingdom. 5. Generosity in Giving Solomon's willingness to provide for the workers shows the importance of generosity. "I will give your servants, the woodsmen who cut the timber, twenty thousand cors of ground wheat" (2 Chronicles 2:10). Generosity is a reflection of God's own nature, and when we give freely, we mirror His love and provision. Let us be generous with our resources, time, and talents. 6. The Role of Worship The temple Solomon built was a place for worship, underscoring the centrality of worship in our relationship with God. "To burn fragrant incense before Him, to set out the showbread regularly" (2 Chronicles 2:4). Worship is not just a Sunday activity; it is a lifestyle. By making worship a priority, we align our hearts with God's will and draw closer to Him. 7. Seeking Wisdom Solomon's request for skilled workers also reflects his wisdom in seeking the best for God's house. "Send me, therefore, a craftsman skilled in gold, silver, bronze, and iron" (2 Chronicles 2:7). Wisdom is a gift from God, and we should seek it earnestly in all our decisions. By asking God for wisdom, we can navigate life's challenges with discernment and grace. 8. Acknowledging Our Limitations Solomon's admission that no building could contain God is a lesson in humility. "But who is able to build a house for Him?" (2 Chronicles 2:6). Recognizing our limitations keeps us humble and reliant on God's strength. In our daily lives, acknowledging that we cannot do everything on our own leads us to depend more on God's guidance and power. 9. The Significance of Dedication Solomon's dedication to building the temple shows the importance of commitment to God's work. "Now I am building a house for the Name of the LORD my God" (2 Chronicles 2:4). Dedication to God's purposes requires perseverance and faithfulness. Let us commit ourselves fully to the tasks God has set before us, trusting that He will bless our efforts. 10. The Eternal Perspective Finally, Solomon's focus on building a temple for God's Name reminds us of the eternal perspective we should maintain. "To dedicate it to Him" (2 Chronicles 2:4). Our lives are not just about the here and now; they are part of God's eternal plan. By keeping our eyes on eternity, we can live with purpose and hope, knowing that our efforts have lasting significance in God's kingdom. Topics 1. Solomon's Preparations for Building the Temple Solomon begins preparations to build a temple for the name of the LORD and a royal palace for himself. This reflects his commitment to fulfilling his father David's vision and God's promise. The Hebrew word for "temple" (הֵיכָל, heikal) signifies a grand and sacred space dedicated to worship. 2. Request for Skilled Labor and Materials Solomon sends a message to Hiram, king of Tyre, requesting skilled laborers and materials, particularly cedar and juniper logs. This demonstrates the importance of collaboration and the use of the best resources for God's work. The Hebrew term for "skilled" (חָכָם, chakam) implies wisdom and expertise. 3. Hiram's Response and Agreement Hiram responds positively to Solomon's request, acknowledging the wisdom given to Solomon by God. This exchange highlights the mutual respect and recognition of God's hand in Solomon's reign. The Greek equivalent of "wisdom" (σοφία, sophia) in the Septuagint underscores divine insight. 4. Solomon's Workforce Solomon organizes a large workforce, including foreigners residing in Israel, to carry out the construction. This reflects the scale and significance of the temple project. The Hebrew word for "workforce" (סַבָּל, sabal) indicates those who bear burdens, emphasizing the labor-intensive nature of the task. 5. Purpose of the Temple Solomon articulates the purpose of the temple: to be a place for offering sacrifices and worship to the LORD. This underscores the temple's role as a central place of worship and the heart of Israel's spiritual life. The Hebrew word for "sacrifice" (זֶבַח, zevach) is associated with offerings that express devotion and atonement. Themes 1. Preparation for Temple Construction In 2 Chronicles 2, Solomon begins preparations for building the temple, emphasizing the importance of worship and dedication to God. The chapter highlights Solomon's commitment to creating a dwelling place for the Lord, reflecting the Hebrew root "בָּנָה" (banah), meaning "to build." This theme underscores the significance of preparing one's heart and resources for God's work. 2. Divine Wisdom and Understanding Solomon's request for skilled workers and materials from King Hiram of Tyre demonstrates his reliance on God-given wisdom and understanding. The Hebrew word "חָכְמָה" (chokmah) for wisdom is central here, as Solomon seeks to honor God through the temple's construction, acknowledging that true wisdom comes from the Lord. 3. Collaboration and Unity The chapter illustrates the collaboration between Israel and Tyre, as Solomon enlists Hiram's help. This theme of unity in purpose and cooperation reflects the broader biblical principle of working together for God's glory, as seen in the partnership between different nations and peoples. 4. Holiness and Reverence for God Solomon's detailed plans for the temple construction highlight the holiness and reverence due to God. The temple is to be a sacred space, reflecting the Hebrew concept of "קֹדֶשׁ" (qodesh), meaning "holiness." This theme emphasizes the need for purity and reverence in worship and in the places dedicated to God. 5. Provision and Generosity Solomon's provision of resources and labor for the temple construction demonstrates the theme of generosity and stewardship. The chapter shows how God provides abundantly for His purposes, and how His people are called to give generously in return, reflecting the biblical principle of stewardship. 6. Recognition of God's Sovereignty Throughout the preparations, Solomon acknowledges God's sovereignty and greatness. This theme is evident in his communication with Hiram, where he recognizes that the temple is for the "name of the LORD my God" (2 Chronicles 2:4). The acknowledgment of God's supreme authority is a central theme in the chapter. Prayer Points Pray for wisdom and dedication in serving God, as Solomon demonstrated in his preparations. Ask for guidance in using our resources and talents for God's glory. Seek a deeper reverence and awe for God's greatness in our worship and daily lives. Pray for a heart that prioritizes worship and seeks to honor God in all things. Request God's help in pursuing excellence in our work and service, offering our best to Him. Answering Tough Questions 1. In 2 Chronicles 2:2, is the workforce of 70,000 laborers and 80,000 stonecutters feasible given ancient population estimates? 2. How reliable is the account in 2 Chronicles 2:3–16 of extensive trade deals with Tyre, considering limited archaeological evidence? 3. In 2 Chronicles 2:4, how can a temple truly contain God if other passages assert He cannot be confined? 4. Why is there no broader historical record of the forced labor Solomon imposes on foreigners in 2 Chronicles 2:17–18? 5. In 2 Chronicles 2:11–12, why does Tyrian King Hiram express devotion to Israel’s God when no independent Tyrian records verify such reverence? Bible Study Discussion Questions 1. How does Solomon’s meticulous planning reflect his devotion to God? 2. How would you interpret the significance of Solomon's letter to Hiram in today's context of global collaboration? 3. How might you apply Solomon's strategy for resource allocation in your personal or professional life? 4. How does King Hiram's response reflect a sense of unity and shared faith? 5. What can we learn about communication from the correspondence between Solomon and Hiram? 6. What does Huram-Abi's role tell us about the importance of skilled labor in achieving divine plans? 7. How does Solomon demonstrate leadership and wisdom in his preparation to build the Temple? 8. In what ways does this chapter reflect the theme of preparation? 9. In our modern society, how can we manifest the same level of dedication to God's work as Solomon displayed? 10. How can Solomon’s request for help from Hiram inform how we ask for assistance in our own lives? 11. What are the potential implications of Solomon involving foreigners in the construction of the Temple? 12. What can we learn about the value of different skills and expertise from Solomon’s workforce allocation? 13. How does Solomon's wisdom in this chapter inspire you in your daily life? 14. How do you interpret the exchange of goods between Solomon and Hiram in today’s economy? 15. How can we apply the lessons learned from Solomon's temple preparations to our own spiritual preparations? 16. How does the agreement between Solomon and Hiram demonstrate the importance of mutual respect and cooperation in accomplishing goals? 17. How can we take lessons from Solomon's respect for craftsmanship in our daily lives? 18. What can we learn from Solomon about turning vision into reality? 19. How can we model Solomon's approach to work in our own dedication to our jobs, studies, or other tasks? 20. How can the collaboration between Solomon and Hiram inspire unity and cooperation in modern society? Bible Hub Chapter Summaries and Bible Study Questions