◄ Exodus 24 ►
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Berean Standard Bible | Par ▾
The Covenant Sealed 1Then the LORD said to Moses, “Come up to the LORD—you and Aaron, Nadab and Abihu, and seventy of Israel’s elders—and you are to worship at a distance. 2Moses alone shall approach the LORD, but the others must not come near. And the people may not go up with him.” 3When Moses came and told the people all the words and ordinances of the LORD, they all responded with one voice: “All the words that the LORD has spoken, we will do.” 4And Moses wrote down all the words of the LORD. Early the next morning he got up and built an altar at the base of the mountain, along with twelve pillars for the twelve tribes of Israel. 5Then he sent out some young men of Israel, and they offered burnt offerings and sacrificed young bulls as peace offerings to the LORD. 6Moses took half of the blood and put it in bowls, and the other half he splattered on the altar. 7Then he took the Book of the Covenant and read it to the people, who replied, “All that the LORD has spoken we will do, and we will be obedient.” 8So Moses took the blood, splattered it on the people, and said, “This is the blood of the covenant that the LORD has made with you in accordance with all these words.”a 9Then Moses went up with Aaron, Nadab and Abihu, and seventy of the elders of Israel, 10and they saw the God of Israel. Under His feet was a work like a pavement made of sapphire, as clear as the sky itself. 11But God did not lay His hand on the nobles of Israel; they saw Him, and they ate and drank. Moses on the Mountain 12Then the LORD said to Moses, “Come up to Me on the mountain and stay here, so that I may give you the tablets of stone, with the law and commandments I have written for their instruction.” 13So Moses set out with Joshua his attendant and went up on the mountain of God. 14And he said to the elders, “Wait here for us until we return to you. Aaron and Hur are here with you. Whoever has a dispute can go to them.” 15When Moses went up on the mountain, the cloud covered it, 16and the glory of the LORD settled on Mount Sinai. For six days the cloud covered it, and on the seventh day the LORD called to Moses from within the cloud. 17And the sight of the glory of the LORD was like a consuming fire on the mountaintop in the eyes of the Israelites. 18Moses entered the cloud as he went up on the mountain, and he remained on the mountain forty days and forty nights. Footnotes: 8 a Cited in Hebrews 9:20 Berean Standard Bible (BSB) printed 2016, 2020, 2022, 2025 by Bible Hub and Berean.Bible. Produced in cooperation with Bible Hub, Discovery Bible, unfoldingWord, Bible Aquifer, OpenBible.com, and the Berean Bible Translation Committee. This text of God's Word has been dedicated to the public domain. Free downloads and unlimited usage available. See also the Berean Literal Bible and Berean Interlinear Bible. Bible Hub Exodus 24 Summary The Covenant Sealed Verses 1–2 – A Call Up the Mountain The LORD summons Moses, Aaron, Nadab, Abihu, and seventy elders to draw near, yet only Moses may approach fully. The people must worship from a distance while Moses becomes the sole mediator, marking clear boundaries between holy presence and common space. Verses 3–4a – Words Recorded Moses reports every command and ruling the LORD has spoken (chs. 20–23). The whole nation, united in voice, pledges obedience: “Everything that the LORD has spoken we will do.” Moses then writes all the words down, anchoring the covenant in written form. Verses 4b–6 – Altar, Pillars, Blood An altar is built at the mountain’s base with twelve stone pillars, one for each tribe. Burnt offerings and peace offerings from young bulls are presented. Moses collects half the blood in bowls and sprinkles the rest on the altar, visually linking sacrifice, people, and God. Verses 7–8 – Covenant Ratified The written “Book of the Covenant” is read aloud. The people again promise obedience. Moses sprinkles the remaining blood on the congregation, declaring, “This is the blood of the covenant that the LORD has made with you concerning all these words” (v 8), sealing the relationship. Verses 9–11 – A Shared Vision and Meal Moses, Aaron, Nadab, Abihu, and the seventy elders ascend and behold the God of Israel. Beneath His feet appears something “like a pavement of sapphire, as clear as the sky itself.” They eat and drink in His presence, demonstrating fellowship without immediate judgment. Verses 12–14 – Further Ascent The LORD calls Moses higher to receive stone tablets. Joshua accompanies him partway, while Aaron and Hur are left in charge of any disputes. Leadership layers are put in place to maintain order during Moses’ absence. Verses 15–18 – Glory on Sinai A consuming cloud covers the mountain for six days; on the seventh, the LORD invites Moses into the cloud. To the watching Israelites the glory looks like a devouring fire. Moses remains forty days and nights, poised to receive detailed instructions for the tabernacle and priesthood. This chapter chronicles a crucial moment in the journey of the Israelites - the meeting of Moses, Aaron, Nadab, Abihu, and the elders with God on Mount Sinai. It discusses the sacred rituals, the acceptance of God's commandments by the Israelites, the physical manifestation of God's glory, and Moses' subsequent forty days and nights on the mountain. Context and Chronology Exodus 24 stands at the hinge between the giving of moral and social commands (chs. 20–23) and the tabernacle blueprint (chs. 25–31). It records the formal ratification of the covenant only three months after the Red Sea crossing (Exodus 19:1). The ceremony binds Israel to the LORD in a national commitment comparable to wedding vows (cf. Jeremiah 2:2). Covenant Structure and Ancient Parallels Ancient Near Eastern treaties often followed a pattern: preamble, historical prologue, stipulations, written document, witnesses, and blessings/curses. Exodus 20–24 fits this mold: • Preamble and prologue—20:1–2 • Stipulations—20:3 – 23:33 • Written record—24:4, 7 • Blood witness—24:6, 8 This familiar form would help Israel grasp the seriousness of her agreement with the divine King. Blood as a Binding Sign Life is in the blood (Leviticus 17:11). Sprinkling half on the altar and half on the people symbolically unites both parties. Hebrews 9:19-20 quotes this scene to show that a better covenant is also ratified with blood—Christ’s own: “This is the blood of the covenant that God has commanded you to keep.” Jesus echoes Moses’ words at the Last Supper: “This cup is the new covenant in My blood” (Luke 22:20). Altars, Pillars, and Early Israelite Worship • Stone altars appear from Genesis onward (Genesis 8:20; 12:7; 26:25). • The twelve pillars affirm tribal equality before God. Archaeology in Sinai has uncovered stone heaps and pillars at sites like Jebel Saniya and Jebel Serbal, illustrating a common desert practice of marking sacred encounters with standing stones. • Burnt offerings express total consecration; peace offerings allow a shared meal, fitting the covenant feast in verses 9–11. Seventy Elders and Tribal Leadership Seventy fits a pattern of representative leadership (Exodus 1:5; Numbers 11:25; Luke 10:1). The elders’ presence shows that Israel’s leaders personally experienced God, lending credibility to Moses’ later words. The number also hints at completeness, embracing all families of Israel. Seeing God Without Perishing Exodus 33:20 states, “No one may see Me and live,” yet here the leaders “saw God” and lived (24:10-11). The text balances awe with grace: they perceive a tangible manifestation—often called “the God of Israel”—yet are shielded from the full, fatal glory. The sapphire-like pavement emphasizes transcendence: the Creator stands above the heavens themselves. Moses, Joshua, and Leadership Transfer Joshua ascends partway (v 13), foreshadowing his future role (Numbers 27:18; Deuteronomy 31:7). Aaron and Hur handle disputes below, rehearsing later structures of delegated authority (Exodus 18:21-22). The scene teaches orderly transition and shared responsibility. Forty Days and Nights—Patterns of Preparation Moses’ forty-day fast anticipates Elijah’s journey (1 Kings 19:8) and Jesus’ wilderness testing (Matthew 4:2). Forty often marks a period of testing, cleansing, or transition: the Flood (Genesis 7:12), spies in Canaan (Numbers 14:34), and Jonah’s warning to Nineveh (Jonah 3:4). Mountain of Revelation: Sinai in Scripture and Archaeology Scripture alternately calls the mountain Sinai and Horeb (Exodus 3:1; Deuteronomy 5:2). Traditional identification points to Jebel Musa in the southern Sinai Peninsula, where Byzantine monks erected St. Catherine’s Monastery in the 6th century AD. Other proposals—Jebel al-Lawz in northwest Arabia, Har Karkom in the Negev—cite petroglyphs, altars, and encampment evidence. While debate continues, the text’s emphasis is theological: God descends, people ascend, and covenant is established. Echoes in the Prophets and the New Testament • Jeremiah 31:31-34 promises a new covenant written on hearts, fulfilled in Christ. • Ezekiel 20 recalls Israel’s early vows and failures, reminding future generations to honor the covenant. • Hebrews 12:18-24 contrasts Sinai’s fear with Zion’s joy, yet both mountains speak of holiness and blood. • Revelation 15:2 pictures a “sea of glass mingled with fire,” resonating with the sapphire pavement and fiery glory of Exodus 24. Practical Takeaways for Today 1. Commitment matters: Israel’s repeated “We will do” challenges modern believers to align words and actions. 2. Written truth anchors faith: Moses’ record underscores the value of Scripture for remembering God’s terms. 3. Access to God requires a mediator: Moses foreshadows Jesus, the one who brings people into God’s presence. 4. Fellowship follows sacrifice: the covenant meal models the Lord’s Supper, where forgiven people dine with their Redeemer. 5. Leadership works best in teams: Moses, Joshua, Aaron, Hur, and the elders illustrate shared ministry and accountability. Connections to Additional Scriptures Hebrews 9:11-15 This passage explains how Christ's sacrifice is the fulfillment of the old covenant, offering eternal redemption through His blood. Matthew 26:28 Jesus refers to His blood as the blood of the covenant, linking His sacrifice to the covenant established in Exodus 24. Psalm 24:3-4 These verses remind us of the purity and holiness required to stand in God's presence, echoing the reverence seen in Exodus 24. Teaching Points The Covenant Confirmed Exodus 24:3-8 describes the formal ratification of the covenant between God and Israel. Moses reads the Book of the Covenant to the people, and they respond, All that the LORD has spoken we will do, and we will be obedient (Exodus 24:7). This highlights the importance of obedience in our relationship with God. The Blood of the Covenant Moses uses the blood of sacrificed animals to seal the covenant, sprinkling it on the altar and the people (Exodus 24:6-8). This act foreshadows the ultimate sacrifice of Jesus Christ, whose blood establishes the new covenant for the forgiveness of sins. The Divine Encounter Moses, Aaron, Nadab, Abihu, and seventy elders ascend the mountain and see a manifestation of God (Exodus 24:9-11). They behold God and eat and drink in His presence, signifying fellowship and communion with the Divine. Moses on the Mountain Moses is called further up the mountain to receive the tablets of stone, the law, and the commandments (Exodus 24:12). This emphasizes the importance of receiving God's Word and instructions directly from Him. The Glory of the LORD The chapter concludes with the glory of the LORD settling on Mount Sinai, and Moses entering the cloud to commune with God for forty days and nights (Exodus 24:15-18). This underscores the holiness and majesty of God’s presence. Practical Applications Commitment to Obedience Just as the Israelites committed to obeying God's commands, we too should strive to live in obedience to His Word. Understanding the Sacrifice Reflect on the significance of Christ's sacrifice, which fulfills and surpasses the old covenant, offering us redemption and a personal relationship with God. Seeking God's Presence Like Moses and the elders, we should seek to experience God's presence in our lives through prayer, worship, and meditation on His Word. Receiving God's Word Prioritize time to study and understand the Scriptures, allowing God to speak to us and guide our lives. People 1. Moses Moses is the central figure in this chapter, serving as the leader of the Israelites and the mediator between God and the people. He is instructed by God to come up the mountain to receive the tablets of stone with the law and commandments. 2. Aaron Aaron is Moses' brother and the high priest of Israel. He accompanies Moses partway up the mountain and is left in charge of the people along with Hur when Moses ascends further. 3. Nadab Nadab is one of Aaron's sons. He is mentioned as part of the group that goes up the mountain with Moses, Aaron, and the elders of Israel. 4. Abihu Abihu is another son of Aaron. Like Nadab, he is part of the group that ascends the mountain to witness the presence of God. 5. Seventy Elders of Israel These elders represent the people of Israel and accompany Moses, Aaron, Nadab, and Abihu up the mountain. They witness a vision of God and partake in a covenant meal. 6. Joshua Although not explicitly mentioned in the initial verses of Exodus 24, Joshua is later referenced in verse 13 as Moses' assistant who accompanies him further up the mountain. Places 1. Mount Sinai Mount Sinai is the central location in Exodus 24 where Moses, Aaron, Nadab, Abihu, and the seventy elders of Israel ascend to meet with God. It is a significant place of divine revelation and covenant-making. In Hebrew, it is referred to as "הַר סִינַי" (Har Sinai). 2. The Mountain This term is used interchangeably with Mount Sinai in the chapter. It emphasizes the sacredness and the elevated nature of the place where God communicates with Moses and the leaders of Israel. The mountain serves as a physical and spiritual high point in the narrative. Events 1. God Calls Moses, Aaron, Nadab, Abihu, and the Seventy Elders God instructs Moses to come up the mountain with Aaron, Nadab, Abihu, and seventy of the elders of Israel to worship from afar. (Exodus 24:1) 2. Moses Communicates God's Words and Ordinances Moses relays all the words and ordinances of the LORD to the people, and they respond with a commitment to obey. (Exodus 24:3) 3. The People Affirm the Covenant The people unanimously agree to do everything the LORD has spoken. This reflects the Hebrew concept of "covenant" (בְּרִית, berit), a binding agreement. (Exodus 24:3) 4. Moses Writes Down the Words of the LORD Moses writes down all the words of the LORD, preserving the covenant in written form. (Exodus 24:4) 5. The Construction of an Altar and Twelve Pillars Moses builds an altar at the foot of the mountain and sets up twelve pillars representing the twelve tribes of Israel. (Exodus 24:4) 6. The Offering of Sacrifices Young Israelite men offer burnt offerings and sacrifice young bulls as peace offerings to the LORD. (Exodus 24:5) 7. The Sprinkling of Blood Moses takes half of the blood and puts it in bowls, and the other half he sprinkles on the altar. This act signifies purification and consecration. (Exodus 24:6) 8. Reading of the Book of the Covenant Moses reads the Book of the Covenant to the people, and they again affirm their commitment to obey. (Exodus 24:7) 9. The Blood of the Covenant Moses sprinkles the blood on the people, declaring it as the blood of the covenant that the LORD has made with them. This act is foundational in the Hebrew understanding of covenantal relationships. (Exodus 24:8) 10. The Vision of God Moses, Aaron, Nadab, Abihu, and the seventy elders ascend the mountain and see a vision of God. They see a pavement of sapphire beneath His feet, yet God does not harm them. (Exodus 24:9-11) 11. Moses Called to Ascend Further The LORD calls Moses to ascend further up the mountain to receive the tablets of stone with the law and commandments. (Exodus 24:12) 12. Moses and Joshua Ascend the Mountain Moses, accompanied by his assistant Joshua, ascends the mountain of God. (Exodus 24:13) 13. Moses Entrusts Leadership to the Elders Moses instructs the elders to wait for them and appoints Aaron and Hur to resolve any disputes. (Exodus 24:14) 14. The Glory of the LORD on Mount Sinai The glory of the LORD settles on Mount Sinai, and a cloud covers it for six days. On the seventh day, God calls to Moses from within the cloud. (Exodus 24:15-16) 15. Moses Enters the Cloud Moses enters the cloud and remains on the mountain for forty days and forty nights, signifying a period of divine revelation and instruction. (Exodus 24:18) Lessons from Exodus 24 1. The Importance of Covenant Commitment In Exodus 24, we witness the solemn moment when the Israelites affirm their covenant with God. This chapter reminds us of the importance of commitment in our relationship with God. Just as the Israelites declared, "All that the LORD has spoken we will do, and we will be obedient" (Exodus 24:7), we too are called to live out our faith with dedication and integrity. Our commitment to God should be unwavering, reflecting our love and reverence for Him. 2. The Power of God's Word The chapter highlights the significance of God's Word as Moses reads the Book of the Covenant to the people. The Word of God is not just a historical document; it is alive and active, guiding us in truth and righteousness. As it is written, "The word of God is living and active, sharper than any two-edged sword" (Hebrews 4:12). Let us immerse ourselves in Scripture, allowing it to transform our hearts and minds. 3. The Role of Sacrifice Exodus 24 illustrates the role of sacrifice in worship and covenant. Moses builds an altar and offers sacrifices, symbolizing the people's dedication to God. Today, while we no longer offer animal sacrifices, we are called to present our lives as living sacrifices, holy and pleasing to God (Romans 12:1). Our daily acts of love, service, and obedience are offerings that honor Him. 4. The Significance of Blood The sprinkling of blood in this chapter signifies the sealing of the covenant. Blood represents life and purification, pointing us to the ultimate sacrifice of Jesus Christ, whose blood was shed for our salvation. "This is My blood of the covenant, which is poured out for many for the forgiveness of sins" (Matthew 26:28). Through His sacrifice, we are cleansed and brought into a new covenant with God. 5. The Call to Worship Moses, Aaron, Nadab, Abihu, and the seventy elders ascend the mountain to worship God. This act of worship is a powerful reminder of our need to draw near to God in reverence and adoration. Worship is not just a Sunday activity; it is a lifestyle that acknowledges God's sovereignty and grace in every aspect of our lives. 6. The Vision of God's Glory In this chapter, the elders of Israel see a glimpse of God's glory, described as a pavement of sapphire beneath His feet. This vision reminds us of the majesty and holiness of God. While we may not see Him with our physical eyes, we can experience His presence and glory through prayer, worship, and the indwelling of the Holy Spirit. 7. The Role of Leadership Moses' leadership is evident as he guides the people in their covenant with God. He serves as a mediator, pointing us to Jesus, our ultimate Mediator. Leaders in the faith are called to shepherd their flocks with wisdom and humility, always pointing others to Christ, the Good Shepherd. 8. The Necessity of Obedience The Israelites' promise to obey God's commands is a crucial lesson in obedience. Our faith is demonstrated through our actions, as James reminds us, "Faith by itself, if it does not result in action, is dead" (James 2:17). Let us strive to live out our faith through obedience to God's Word. 9. The Invitation to Fellowship God invites Moses and the elders to a meal in His presence, symbolizing fellowship and communion. This invitation is extended to us through Jesus, who calls us to dine with Him in intimate fellowship. "Behold, I stand at the door and knock. If anyone hears My voice and opens the door, I will come in and dine with him, and he with Me" (Revelation 3:20). 10. The Assurance of God's Presence Finally, Exodus 24 assures us of God's abiding presence. As Moses enters the cloud on the mountain, we are reminded that God is with us, guiding and sustaining us. "I am with you always, even to the end of the age" (Matthew 28:20). In every season of life, we can trust in His faithful presence and guidance. Topics 1. The Covenant Confirmed (Exodus 24:1-8) In this section, God instructs Moses to come up the mountain with Aaron, Nadab, Abihu, and seventy of the elders of Israel to worship from afar. Moses writes down all the words of the LORD and builds an altar at the foot of the mountain. Young men offer burnt offerings and sacrifice young bulls as peace offerings to the LORD. Moses takes half of the blood and puts it in basins, and the other half he sprinkles on the altar. He reads the Book of the Covenant to the people, who respond, "We will do everything that the LORD has said; we will obey." Moses then sprinkles the blood on the people, saying, "This is the blood of the covenant that the LORD has made with you in accordance with all these words." 2. The Vision of God (Exodus 24:9-11) Moses, Aaron, Nadab, Abihu, and the seventy elders of Israel ascend the mountain and see the God of Israel. Under His feet is something like a pavement made of sapphire, clear as the sky itself. Despite seeing God, He does not raise His hand against the leaders of Israel; they see God and eat and drink. The Hebrew word for "see" (רָאָה, ra'ah) implies a profound spiritual vision rather than a physical sight. 3. Moses on the Mountain (Exodus 24:12-18) The LORD calls Moses to come up the mountain to receive the tablets of stone with the law and commandments. Moses sets out with his assistant Joshua, instructing the elders to wait for them. A cloud covers the mountain, and the glory of the LORD settles on Mount Sinai. The appearance of the LORD's glory is like a consuming fire on the mountaintop. Moses enters the cloud and stays on the mountain for forty days and forty nights. The Hebrew term for "glory" (כָּבוֹד, kavod) signifies the weighty presence and majesty of God. Themes 1. Covenant Confirmation Exodus 24 describes the formal ratification of the covenant between God and Israel. Moses, Aaron, Nadab, Abihu, and seventy elders of Israel ascend the mountain to confirm the covenant. This event underscores the solemnity and sacredness of the covenant relationship, as seen in verses like Exodus 24:7, where Moses reads the Book of the Covenant to the people, and they respond, "We will do everything that the LORD has said; we will obey." 2. Divine Revelation and Worship The chapter highlights the theme of divine revelation and worship. In Exodus 24:10, the elders of Israel see a vision of God, described as having a pavement of sapphire stone under His feet. This vision emphasizes the holiness and majesty of God, inviting the people into a deeper understanding and reverence for Him. 3. Sacrificial System and Atonement The sacrificial system is introduced as a means of atonement and covenant ratification. In Exodus 24:5-6, young men offer burnt offerings and sacrifice young bulls as peace offerings to the LORD. Moses uses the blood to sprinkle on the altar and the people, symbolizing purification and the binding nature of the covenant, reflecting the Hebrew concept of "kaphar" (כָּפַר), meaning to cover or atone. 4. Obedience and Commitment The theme of obedience and commitment is central, as the Israelites pledge to follow God's commands. In Exodus 24:3, the people respond to Moses' words, "Everything that the LORD has spoken we will do." This commitment is a crucial aspect of their relationship with God, emphasizing the importance of faithfulness and adherence to His laws. 5. Mediatorship of Moses Moses acts as a mediator between God and the people, a role that foreshadows the ultimate mediatorship of Christ in the New Testament. In Exodus 24:12, God calls Moses to ascend the mountain to receive the tablets of stone, the law, and the commandments. This mediatorship highlights the necessity of a go-between in the divine-human relationship, rooted in the Hebrew concept of "shaliach" (שָׁלִיחַ), meaning an emissary or representative. 6. Divine Presence and Glory The presence and glory of God are manifest on Mount Sinai, as described in Exodus 24:16-17, where the glory of the LORD settles on the mountain, appearing like a consuming fire. This theme underscores God's transcendence and immanence, inviting awe and reverence from the people. 7. Communal Participation in the Covenant The communal aspect of the covenant is emphasized as the entire nation is involved in its ratification. In Exodus 24:8, Moses takes the blood and sprinkles it on the people, saying, "This is the blood of the covenant that the LORD has made with you in accordance with all these words." This act signifies the collective responsibility and participation of the community in the covenant relationship with God. Prayer Points Thanksgiving for the New Covenant Thank God for the sacrifice of Jesus Christ, which allows us to enter into a new and everlasting covenant with Him. Desire for Obedience Pray for a heart that desires to obey God's commands and live according to His will. Seeking God's Presence Ask God to draw you closer to Him, to experience His presence and glory in your daily life. Understanding and Wisdom Pray for wisdom and understanding as you study God's Word, that you may apply it faithfully in your life. Answering Tough Questions 1. How could Moses and the elders literally “see” God and survive (Exodus 24:9–11)? 2. Why does there appear to be no archaeological evidence confirming this covenant ceremony (Exodus 24)? 3. How could Moses remain on the mountain for forty days and nights without food or water (Exodus 24:18)? 4. Why does the blood ritual in Exodus 24:6–8 seem inconsistent with modern ethical and scientific perspectives? 5. How does the account in Exodus 24 align or conflict with other passages describing God’s nature and appearance? Bible Study Discussion Questions 1. What does the Israelites' collective response to God's words tell us about their willingness to follow Him? 2. How do the rituals of offerings and the sprinkling of blood symbolize the Israelites' commitment to the covenant? 3. In what ways might the appearance of God to the elders influence their leadership roles within the Israelite community? 4. How do we interpret the sight of the elders eating and drinking in the presence of God? What does it signify? 5. What can we learn from Moses' obedience to ascend the mountain despite the evident display of God's power? 6. What does the image of the sapphire-clear pavement beneath God's feet convey about His divine nature? 7. What does God's instruction to Moses about the stone tablets teach us about the importance of the written word and commandments? 8. Why do you think Aaron and Hur were left in charge of settling disputes? What does it say about their roles? 9. How might the spectacle of God's glory in the form of a cloud and consuming fire affect the Israelites' understanding of God's might? 10. What can we glean from the fact that Moses stayed on the mountain for forty days and forty nights? 11. How does this passage demonstrate the importance of leadership and representation in religious matters? 12. How does Moses' isolation on the mountain reflect the solitude often necessary in spiritual journeys? 13. How can we understand and appreciate the importance of God's law and instructions in our lives today? 14. What can this passage teach us about the reverence we should have when approaching God? 15. How does the covenant between God and the Israelites relate to our own personal relationship with God? 16. How can the elders' experience of seeing God influence their faith and actions afterwards? 17. How does Moses' act of writing down God's words underscore the importance of Scripture in our lives? 18. In what ways can we see the importance of obedience in our relationship with God from this passage? 19. How can we apply the principles of sacrificial offerings to our lives today? 20. What does the cloud and consuming fire represent in terms of God's divine presence and glory? Bible Hub Chapter Summaries and Bible Study Questions