◄ Genesis 39 ►
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Joseph and Potiphar’s Wife 1Meanwhile, Joseph had been taken down to Egypt, where an Egyptian named Potiphar, an officer of Pharaoh and captain of the guard, bought him from the Ishmaelites who had taken him there. 2And the LORD was with Joseph, and he became a successful man, serving in the household of his Egyptian master. 3When his master saw that the LORD was with him and made him prosper in all he did, 4Joseph found favor in his sight and became his personal attendant. Potiphar put him in charge of his household and entrusted him with everything he owned. 5From the time that he put Joseph in charge of his household and all he owned, the LORD blessed the Egyptian’s household on account of him. The LORD’s blessing was on everything he owned, both in his house and in his field. 6So Potiphar left all that he owned in Joseph’s care; he did not concern himself with anything except the food he ate. Now Joseph was well-built and handsome, 7and after some time his master’s wife cast her eyes upon Joseph and said, “Sleep with me.” 8But he refused. “Look,” he said to his master’s wife, “with me here, my master does not concern himself with anything in his house, and he has entrusted everything he owns to my care. 9No one in this house is greater than I am. He has withheld nothing from me except you, because you are his wife. So how could I do such a great evil and sin against God?” 10Although Potiphar’s wife spoke to Joseph day after day, he refused to go to bed with her or even be near her. 11One day, however, Joseph went into the house to attend to his work, and not a single household servant was inside. 12She grabbed Joseph by his cloak and said, “Sleep with me!” But leaving his cloak in her hand, he escaped and ran outside. Joseph Falsely Imprisoned 13When she saw that he had left his cloak in her hand and had run out of the house, 14she called her household servants. “Look,” she said, “this Hebrew has been brought to us to make sport of us. He came to me so he could sleep with me, but I screamed as loud as I could. 15When he heard me scream for help, he left his cloak beside me and ran out of the house.” 16So Potiphar’s wife kept Joseph’s cloak beside her until his master came home. 17Then she told him the same story: “The Hebrew slave you brought us came to me to make sport of me, 18but when I screamed for help, he left his cloak beside me and ran out of the house.” 19When his master heard the story his wife told him, saying, “This is what your slave did to me,” he burned with anger. 20So Joseph’s master took him and had him thrown into the prison where the king’s prisoners were confined. While Joseph was there in the prison, 21the LORD was with him and extended kindness to him, granting him favor in the eyes of the prison warden. 22And the warden put all the prisoners under Joseph’s care, so that he was responsible for all that was done in the prison. 23The warden did not concern himself with anything under Joseph’s care, because the LORD was with Joseph and gave him success in whatever he did. Berean Standard Bible (BSB) printed 2016, 2020, 2022, 2025 by Bible Hub and Berean.Bible. Produced in cooperation with Bible Hub, Discovery Bible, unfoldingWord, Bible Aquifer, OpenBible.com, and the Berean Bible Translation Committee. This text of God's Word has been dedicated to the public domain. Free downloads and unlimited usage available. See also the Berean Literal Bible and Berean Interlinear Bible. Bible Hub Genesis 39 Summary Joseph and Potiphar's Wife Verses 1–6 – Favored in Potiphar’s House Joseph is sold to Potiphar, an officer of Pharaoh. “The LORD was with Joseph, and he became a successful man” (Genesis 39:2). Potiphar notices, entrusts Joseph with everything, and his entire estate flourishes. Verses 7–12 – Temptation and Refusal Potiphar’s wife tries to seduce Joseph daily. Joseph insists, “How then could I do such a wicked thing and sin against God?” (v. 9). Cornered alone, he flees, leaving his cloak in her hand. Verses 13–18 – False Accusation Enraged, Potiphar’s wife claims Joseph attempted assault. She brandishes the cloak as proof and calls servants and husband to witness her fabricated story. Verses 19–23 – Favor in Prison Potiphar jails Joseph. Yet again, “the LORD was with him and extended kindness to him” (v. 21). The warden hands Joseph full responsibility, and even the prison prospers under his hand. This chapter explores Joseph's journey from being sold into slavery to becoming a trusted servant in Egypt, only to be falsely accused and thrown into prison. Despite adversity, Joseph's integrity, resilience, and God's favor leads him to a position of influence even within his confines. Historical Setting: Egypt and the Slave Trade • Genesis places Joseph’s arrival during Egypt’s Middle Kingdom or early Second Intermediate Period (circa 1900–1700 BC). Caravan trade from Canaan to the Nile was vigorous, carrying spices, gum, and human cargo. • The Ishmaelites/Midianites (Genesis 37:25–28) fit well with nomadic traders known from Egyptian execration texts. • Egyptian households commonly bought foreign servants. Papyri and tomb paintings show Semitic slaves working fields, managing estates, and, on occasion, rising to trusted positions—mirroring Joseph’s promotion. Potiphar: Title and Role • “Officer of Pharaoh and captain of the guard” (v. 1) likely means head of state security, including royal prisoners. Egyptian titles such as “Overseer of the Prison” appear in inscriptions at Thebes. • Potiphar’s wealth (fields, house staff, indoor food stores) matches what archaeology reveals about elite residences in Memphis and Avaris: separate women’s quarters, storerooms, and private prisons on the grounds. Slavery and Responsibility • Scripture never softens the tragedy of slavery, yet it shows God’s ability to redeem one trapped in it. Compare: – Deuteronomy 23:15–16—Israel later commanded to protect runaway slaves. – 1 Corinthians 7:22—Paul calls the believing slave “the Lord’s freedman.” • Joseph’s faithful service, even when enslaved, echoes New Testament calls: “Serve with sincerity of heart, fearing the Lord” (Colossians 3:22). God’s Presence in Trouble Phrase repeated: “The LORD was with Joseph” (vv. 2, 3, 21, 23). • Psalm 105:17-19 recounts iron shackles on Joseph but adds, “the word of the LORD proved him true.” • Isaiah 43:2 promises, “When you pass through the waters, I will be with you.” Joseph’s life embodies that pledge centuries earlier. Integrity Behind Closed Doors • Joseph calls adultery “sin against God,” showing a conscience shaped more by divine presence than human eyes. • Proverbs 5–7 warn of seduction; Joseph becomes a living illustration of heeding that wisdom. • 2 Timothy 2:22 echoes his response: “Flee youthful passions.” False Accusation and Suffering • Joseph loses his cloak for righteousness—later he will receive royal garments (Genesis 41:42). • 1 Peter 2:19–20 commends enduring unjust pain because of conscience toward God. Joseph models this decades before Peter writes. • Jesus, too, is falsely accused (Mark 14:55-59). Joseph’s account foreshadows the righteous sufferer who saves many. Rise in Prison: Administrative Skill • Ancient “House of Confinement” records show trusties running day-to-day operations—the warden’s delegation to Joseph fits that model. • Joseph displays leadership, stewardship, and mercy, traits that will qualify him for governing Egypt (Genesis 41:40). Archaeological Notes on Egyptian Prisons • Inscribed bowls from the fortress at Tjel name a “Chief of the Prisoners.” • Tomb TT100 (Rekhmire) depicts scribes tallying rations for captives—evidence of organized prison management. • Leather scrolls list prisoners responsible for other inmates, paralleling Joseph’s appointment. Key Themes for Daily Life • God’s presence is not limited by geography or circumstance. • Faithfulness in small tasks invites larger trust. • Sexual purity safeguards destiny. • Injustice may delay but cannot destroy God’s plan. • The Lord’s blessing on His people overflows to surrounding people, even unbelievers. Connections Forward and Backward • Genesis 12:3—Abraham’s seed brings blessing; Joseph blesses Potiphar’s house. • Genesis 29—Jacob misused a garment to deceive; Joseph’s garment is used to deceive about him, then to frame him. Garments track the family’s moral journey. • Acts 7:9–10—Stephen cites Joseph’s favor in prison as proof God’s promise stood through Israel’s darkest moments. Joseph and a Greater Deliverer • Both Joseph and Jesus are betrayed, falsely tried, and raised to save. • Joseph feeds nations in famine; Jesus feeds souls with the bread of life (John 6:35). • Joseph forgives his brothers; Jesus prays, “Father, forgive them” (Luke 23:34). Practical Takeaways • When no one else sees, God sees. Choose His approval over momentary advantage. • Flight is sometimes the most courageous act; staying to negotiate with temptation is often folly. • Skill, diligence, and a good attitude can shine even in harsh settings—work as worship transforms any workplace. • Trust God’s timing; today’s prison may be tomorrow’s platform. Connections to Additional Scriptures Psalm 105:17-19 Reflects on Joseph's trials and God's purpose in them. 1 Peter 2:19-20 Encourages believers to endure suffering for doing good, as it is commendable before God. Romans 8:28 Reminds us that God works all things together for the good of those who love Him. Teaching Points God's Favor and Presence The LORD was with Joseph, and he became a successful man, serving in the household of his Egyptian master (Genesis 39:2). Despite being sold into slavery, God's presence was evident in Joseph's life, leading to success and favor. Integrity in Temptation Joseph's refusal of Potiphar's wife's advances demonstrates his commitment to righteousness. How then could I do such a wicked thing and sin against God? (Genesis 39:9). Joseph's integrity was rooted in his relationship with God. False Accusations and Suffering Despite his integrity, Joseph was falsely accused and imprisoned. When his master heard the account his wife told him... he burned with anger (Genesis 39:19). This teaches us that doing the right thing doesn't always lead to immediate reward. God's Continued Presence in Trials Even in prison, the LORD was with Joseph and extended kindness to him, granting him favor in the eyes of the prison warden (Genesis 39:21). God's presence remained with Joseph, providing comfort and favor even in unjust circumstances. Practical Applications Trust in God's Presence Like Joseph, we can trust that God is with us in every situation, whether in success or trial. His presence is our source of strength and guidance. Maintain Integrity In moments of temptation, remember Joseph's example and choose to honor God above all else. Integrity is a testament to our faith and trust in God's plan. Persevere Through Injustice When facing false accusations or unjust treatment, hold fast to your faith. God sees your heart and will ultimately bring justice and vindication. Seek God's Favor In every circumstance, seek to live in a way that honors God, trusting that His favor will follow you, even in the most challenging situations. People 1. Joseph Joseph is the central figure in Genesis 39. He is one of the twelve sons of Jacob (Israel) and is sold into slavery by his brothers. In this chapter, Joseph is taken to Egypt and becomes a servant in the house of Potiphar. Despite his circumstances, Joseph remains faithful to God, and the Lord blesses him, granting him success in all he does. His integrity is tested when Potiphar's wife attempts to seduce him, but Joseph refuses her advances, leading to his imprisonment. 2. Potiphar Potiphar is an Egyptian officer of Pharaoh and the captain of the guard. He purchases Joseph as a slave and places him in charge of his household due to Joseph's evident success and the Lord's blessing upon him. Potiphar trusts Joseph completely, but later, due to his wife's false accusations, he has Joseph imprisoned. 3. Potiphar's Wife Potiphar's wife is not named in the text, but she plays a significant role in the narrative. She attempts to seduce Joseph, and when he refuses her, she falsely accuses him of trying to assault her. Her actions lead to Joseph's imprisonment, despite his innocence. 4. The LORD (Yahweh) While not a human character, the presence and influence of the LORD (Yahweh) are central to the narrative. The text emphasizes that "the LORD was with Joseph" (Genesis 39:2), granting him favor and success in Potiphar's house and later in prison. This divine presence underscores the theme of God's providence and faithfulness throughout Joseph's trials. Places 1. Egypt Egypt is the primary setting for Genesis 39. Joseph is brought to Egypt after being sold by his brothers. In Hebrew, Egypt is referred to as "Mitzrayim" (מִצְרַיִם), which is a significant location throughout the biblical narrative, often symbolizing a place of both refuge and bondage for the Israelites. 2. House of Potiphar Potiphar's house is where Joseph serves after being purchased by Potiphar, an officer of Pharaoh and captain of the guard. This house becomes a place of both prosperity and trial for Joseph, as he is entrusted with great responsibility but also faces false accusations from Potiphar's wife. 3. Prison The prison is where Joseph is confined after being falsely accused by Potiphar's wife. Despite the adversity, Joseph finds favor even in prison, as the Lord is with him. The Hebrew term for prison here is "bêyth ha-sôhar" (בֵּית הַסֹּהַר), which can be translated as "house of confinement." Events 1. Joseph's Arrival in Egypt Joseph is brought to Egypt and sold to Potiphar, an officer of Pharaoh and captain of the guard. The Hebrew root for "officer" (סָרִיס, saris) can also mean "eunuch," though in this context, it likely refers to a high-ranking official. 2. Joseph's Success in Potiphar's House The LORD is with Joseph, and he becomes successful in Potiphar's house. Potiphar notices that the LORD is with Joseph and makes him overseer of his house, entrusting him with all he owns. 3. Potiphar's Household Blessed Because of Joseph, the LORD blesses Potiphar's house, and all that he has, both in the house and in the field, prospers. 4. Joseph's Temptation by Potiphar's Wife Potiphar's wife takes notice of Joseph and repeatedly tries to seduce him, saying, "Lie with me." Joseph refuses, citing his loyalty to Potiphar and his fear of sinning against God. 5. Joseph's Refusal and Integrity Joseph consistently refuses her advances, emphasizing his commitment to God and his master. The Hebrew word for "sin" (חָטָא, chata) underscores the moral and spiritual dimensions of his refusal. 6. False Accusation by Potiphar's Wife One day, when Joseph is alone in the house, Potiphar's wife grabs his garment, and he flees, leaving it behind. She uses the garment to falsely accuse Joseph of trying to assault her. 7. Potiphar's Reaction Potiphar becomes angry when he hears his wife's accusation and has Joseph thrown into prison, where the king's prisoners are confined. 8. Joseph's Favor in Prison Even in prison, the LORD is with Joseph, showing him kindness and granting him favor in the eyes of the prison warden. 9. Joseph's Responsibility in Prison The warden puts Joseph in charge of all the prisoners, and whatever is done there, Joseph is the one responsible for it. The LORD makes everything Joseph does successful. Lessons from Genesis 39 1. Integrity in the Face of Temptation Joseph's story in Genesis 39 is a powerful reminder of the importance of maintaining integrity, even when faced with temptation. When Potiphar's wife attempted to seduce him, Joseph stood firm, saying, "How then could I do such a wicked thing and sin against God?" (Genesis 39:9). His unwavering commitment to righteousness, despite the personal cost, teaches us to prioritize our relationship with God above all else. 2. God's Presence in Adversity Even in the darkest moments, God was with Joseph. Genesis 39:2 tells us, "The LORD was with Joseph, and he became a successful man." This assurance of God's presence is a comforting reminder that we are never alone, no matter the trials we face. His presence is our strength and guide through life's challenges. 3. Faithfulness Brings Favor Joseph's faithfulness to God and his duties did not go unnoticed. "The LORD blessed the household of the Egyptian because of Joseph" (Genesis 39:5). This illustrates how our commitment to God can bring blessings not only to us but also to those around us. Our faithfulness can be a conduit for God's favor in our communities. 4. Resisting Sin Requires Action Joseph didn't just say no to temptation; he fled from it. "He left his cloak in her hand and ran out of the house" (Genesis 39:12). This proactive approach to resisting sin is a lesson for us all. Sometimes, the best way to avoid sin is to remove ourselves from the situation entirely. 5. Misunderstandings Can Lead to Growth Despite his innocence, Joseph was falsely accused and imprisoned. Yet, this setback was part of God's greater plan for his life. "But while Joseph was there in the prison, the LORD was with him" (Genesis 39:20-21). Misunderstandings and false accusations can be painful, but they can also be opportunities for growth and deeper reliance on God. 6. Trust in God's Timing Joseph's journey from favored son to prisoner was not immediate, nor was his rise to power. This teaches us the importance of trusting in God's timing. His plans unfold in ways we may not understand, but they are always for our good and His glory. 7. Excellence in All We Do Joseph's diligence and excellence in his work earned him favor in Potiphar's house and later in prison. "The warden put all the prisoners in Joseph’s care" (Genesis 39:22). This highlights the importance of doing our best in every situation, as our work is ultimately for the Lord. 8. God's Sovereignty Over Circumstances Despite the ups and downs of Joseph's life, God's sovereignty was evident. "The LORD was with Joseph and gave him success in whatever he did" (Genesis 39:23). This reassures us that God is in control, orchestrating events for His purposes, even when we can't see the full picture. 9. The Power of a Good Reputation Joseph's reputation for integrity and faithfulness preceded him, influencing how others perceived and treated him. This underscores the importance of maintaining a good reputation, as it can open doors and create opportunities for God's work in our lives. 10. Endurance Through Trials Joseph's endurance through trials is a testament to his faith and trust in God. His story encourages us to persevere through our own challenges, knowing that God is with us and will use our trials for His greater purpose. As James 1:12 reminds us, "Blessed is the man who perseveres under trial, because when he has stood the test, he will receive the crown of life that God has promised to those who love Him." Topics 1. Joseph's Prosperity in Potiphar's House Joseph, sold into slavery by his brothers, is taken to Egypt and becomes a servant in the house of Potiphar, an officer of Pharaoh. The Lord is with Joseph, and he prospers in everything he does, gaining favor in Potiphar's eyes. Potiphar entrusts his entire household to Joseph's care, recognizing that the Lord's blessing is upon him. The Hebrew word for "prosper" (צָלַח, tsalach) indicates success and advancement, emphasizing God's active role in Joseph's achievements. 2. Joseph's Temptation by Potiphar's Wife Joseph is described as handsome and well-built, attracting the attention of Potiphar's wife. She repeatedly attempts to seduce him, but Joseph refuses, citing his loyalty to Potiphar and his fear of sinning against God. The Hebrew term for "sin" (חָטָא, chata) underscores the moral and spiritual dimensions of Joseph's resistance, highlighting his commitment to righteousness. 3. Joseph's False Accusation and Imprisonment After Joseph consistently rejects her advances, Potiphar's wife falsely accuses him of attempting to assault her. Potiphar, believing his wife's accusations, becomes enraged and has Joseph imprisoned. Despite the injustice, the narrative emphasizes Joseph's integrity and the consequences of false testimony, reflecting the Hebrew understanding of justice and truth. 4. Joseph's Favor in Prison Even in prison, the Lord remains with Joseph, granting him favor in the eyes of the prison warden. Joseph is put in charge of all the prisoners and the daily operations of the prison. The Hebrew word for "favor" (חֵן, chen) signifies grace and acceptance, illustrating God's continued presence and support in Joseph's life, regardless of his circumstances. Themes 1. Divine Favor and Prosperity Genesis 39 highlights the theme of divine favor, as seen in Joseph's success in Potiphar's house. The text states, "The LORD was with Joseph, and he became a successful man" (Genesis 39:2). The Hebrew word for "successful" (מַצְלִיחַ, matsliach) implies prosperity and advancement, indicating that God's presence brings about success. 2. Integrity and Righteousness Joseph's refusal to sin with Potiphar's wife demonstrates his commitment to integrity and righteousness. He says, "How then could I do such a wicked thing and sin against God?" (Genesis 39:9). The Hebrew word for "wicked" (רָעָה, ra'ah) underscores the moral gravity of the act, emphasizing Joseph's dedication to God's standards. 3. Temptation and Resistance The chapter explores the theme of temptation and the strength to resist it. Joseph faces persistent advances from Potiphar's wife but remains steadfast. The narrative illustrates the importance of resisting temptation through reliance on God's strength. 4. False Accusation and Suffering Despite his integrity, Joseph is falsely accused and imprisoned. This theme highlights the reality of suffering for righteousness' sake. The Hebrew term for "accuse" (שָׁקַר, shaqar) conveys deceit, reflecting the unjust nature of the accusation against Joseph. 5. God's Presence in Adversity Even in prison, the theme of God's presence is evident. The text states, "But while Joseph was there in the prison, the LORD was with him" (Genesis 39:20-21). The Hebrew word for "with" (אֵת, 'et) signifies accompaniment, emphasizing that God's presence is constant, even in difficult circumstances. 6. Divine Providence and Sovereignty The overarching theme of divine providence is seen as God orchestrates events for a greater purpose. Joseph's journey, though fraught with challenges, is part of God's sovereign plan. This theme reassures believers of God's control over all situations. 7. Faithfulness and Trust in God Joseph's unwavering faithfulness, despite trials, exemplifies trust in God's plan. His life encourages believers to remain faithful, trusting that God is working for their good, even when circumstances seem unfavorable. Prayer Points Pray for strength to maintain integrity and resist temptation, as Joseph did. Ask for God's presence and favor in all areas of life, trusting Him in both success and trials. Seek God's justice and peace when facing false accusations or unjust treatment. Thank God for His faithfulness and the assurance that He is always with us, no matter the circumstances. Answering Tough Questions 1. In Genesis 39:1–6, how historically plausible is it that a Hebrew slave could rise to such prominence in an Egyptian official’s household so quickly? 2. In Genesis 39:7–10, does the portrayal of Potiphar’s wife align with known cultural norms for elite Egyptian women of the time? 3. In Genesis 39:11–14, is there any archaeological or historical evidence supporting the practice of using clothing to prove guilt or innocence in ancient Egypt? 4. In Genesis 39:19–20, would a high-ranking Egyptian official realistically imprison a slave for alleged assault, rather than resorting to harsher punishment? 5. Throughout Genesis 39, is there any evidence outside the text that corroborates the presence of Hebrews prospering in Egypt under divine favor? Bible Study Discussion Questions 1. How does Joseph's faithfulness to God influence his actions throughout the chapter? 2. What does Joseph's response to Potiphar's wife's advances reveal about his character? 3. How does the recurring theme of God's favor play out in Joseph's life? 4. What are the parallels between Joseph's roles in Potiphar's house and in the prison? 5. How does this chapter illustrate the concept of divine providence? 6. How would you handle being falsely accused, as Joseph was? 7. How does this chapter deepen our understanding of Joseph's character and his faith? 8. Discuss the power dynamics at play in this chapter. How do they impact Joseph's fate? 9. How does Joseph's story illustrate the concept of resilience in the face of adversity? 10. In what ways does Joseph serve as a role model for dealing with temptation? 11. How does the concept of divine favor manifest in Joseph's life, and how can we see it in our own lives? 12. How can Joseph's response to his situation be an example for us when we face difficulties in our life? 13. What does this chapter teach us about integrity and its importance in our lives? 14. How does the story of Joseph challenge our understanding of justice? 15. How do you think Joseph felt when he was thrown into prison despite his innocence? How would you feel? 16. How does Joseph's story inspire you in your personal walk of faith? 17. In what ways does Joseph's story encourage us to trust in God's timing and plans? 18. How can we apply the lessons from Joseph's life when dealing with false accusations in our lives? 19. What does Joseph's life teach us about maintaining our faith in difficult times? 20. How does this chapter challenge or confirm your understanding of God's providence and favor? Bible Hub Chapter Summaries and Bible Study Questions