◄ Hosea 11 ►
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Out of Egypt I Called My Son (Matthew 2:13–15) 1When Israel was a child, I loved him, and out of Egypt I called My son.a 2But the more I called Israel, the farther they departed from Me.b They sacrificed to the Baals and burned incense to carved images. 3It was I who taught Ephraimc to walk, taking them by the arms, but they never realized that it was I who healed them. 4I led them with cords of kindness, with ropes of love; I lifted the yoke from their necks and bent down to feed them. 5Will they not return to the land of Egypt and be ruled by Assyria because they refused to repent? 6A sword will flash through their cities; it will destroy the bars of their gates and consume them in their own plans. 7My people are bent on turning from Me. Though they call to the Most High, He will by no means exalt them. God’s Love for Israel 8How could I give you up, O Ephraim? How could I surrender you, O Israel? How could I make you like Admah? How could I treat you like Zeboiim? My heart is turned within Me; My compassion is stirred! 9I will not execute the full fury of My anger; I will not destroy Ephraim again. For I am God and not man— the Holy One among you— and I will not come in wrath. 10They will walk after the LORD; He will roar like a lion. When He roars, His children will come trembling from the west. 11They will come trembling like birds from Egypt and like doves from the land of Assyria. Then I will settle them in their homes, declares the LORD. 12Ephraim surrounds Me with lies, the house of Israel with deceit; but Judah still walks with God and is faithful to the Holy One.d Footnotes: 1 a Cited in Matthew 2:15 2 b LXX; Hebrew The more they called them, the more they went from them. 3 c That is, the northern kingdom of Israel; also in verses 8, 9, and 12 12 d Or and Judah is unruly against God, the faithful Holy One Berean Standard Bible (BSB) printed 2016, 2020, 2022, 2025 by Bible Hub and Berean.Bible. Produced in cooperation with Bible Hub, Discovery Bible, unfoldingWord, Bible Aquifer, OpenBible.com, and the Berean Bible Translation Committee. This text of God's Word has been dedicated to the public domain. Free downloads and unlimited usage available. See also the Berean Literal Bible and Berean Interlinear Bible. Bible Hub Hosea 11 Summary God's Love for Israel Verses 1–4 – Childhood Love Remembered When Israel was young, God loved him and called him “out of Egypt.” The more the Lord called, the more the people ran to false gods, yet God kept nurturing them—teaching them to walk, lifting them to His cheek, healing them, and leading them “with cords of kindness, with ropes of love.” Verses 5–7 – Discipline Announced Because Israel stubbornly refuses to return, the nation will not go back to Egypt for refuge; instead, Assyria will rule over them. The sword will swirl through their cities, and their own counsels will destroy them. Verses 8–9 – Compassion Prevails God’s heart turns within Him. Though justice calls for a fate like Admah and Zeboiim (cities linked with Sodom), He will not unleash total wrath. He will not destroy Ephraim again, for He is God, not a mere man, and His holiness moves Him to mercy. Verses 10–11 – Future Homecoming One day the people will follow the Lord. He will roar like a lion, and His children will hurry from the west, trembling as birds from Egypt and as doves from Assyria. God will settle them in their homes. Verse 12 – Persistent Deceit “Ephraim surrounds Me with lies, and the house of Israel with deceit,” while Judah still wanders restlessly with God—faithful yet unstable. Hosea 11 is a powerful passage depicting God's unfailing love for the Israelites despite their continuous rebellion and disobedience. In the chapter, God is portrayed as a loving and caring parent who nurtures and raises His children, yet watches them wander away. However, His love and compassion override the judgment they deserve, promising a future restoration. Historical Setting and Political Climate • Hosea ministered during the final decades of the northern kingdom (c. 753–722 BC). Outside, Assyria was expanding; inside, idolatry and unjust leadership eroded society (2 Kings 17:7-18). • Jeroboam II’s earlier prosperity bred complacency; later kings paid tributes, plotted alliances, or staged coups—none sought genuine repentance (Hosea 5:13; 7:7). • Verse 5’s warning about Assyria came true in 722 BC when Samaria fell. Assyrian annals confirm deportations and resettlement policies that scattered Israelite families, matching Hosea’s imagery of lost children. Father–Child Imagery Across Scripture • “Out of Egypt I called My son” (11:1) echoes Exodus 4:22 where Israel is called God’s “firstborn.” Matthew 2:15 sees a pattern fulfilled when Jesus, God’s true Son, returns from Egypt. • Deuteronomy 1:31 depicts God carrying Israel “as a father carries his son,” the same tenderness Hosea recalls. • Discipline “as a man disciplines his son” (Deuteronomy 8:5) explains why love and correction mingle in Hosea 11. Hebrews 12:6 applies this principle to believers today. Compassion That Limits Judgment • Verses 8–9 reveal a tension: justice demands punishment; love longs to spare. God references Admah and Zeboiim (Deuteronomy 29:23) to show how close Israel is to becoming like those obliterated towns, yet He pulls back. • “I am God, and not a man” underscores divine otherness. Human anger often seeks revenge; God’s holy nature blends righteousness with mercy (Psalm 103:8-10). • The refusal to annihilate Israel preserves the covenant promise to Abraham (Genesis 17:7) and paves the way for the New Covenant fulfilled in Christ (Luke 22:20). Archaeological Notes • Assyrian reliefs from Sargon II and Sennacherib depict captives led on ropes—a grim mirror of Hosea’s “cords of love.” What Assyria used for oppression, God uses as an image of care. • Bull and calf idols unearthed at Samaria and Tel Dan illustrate why Hosea calls idolatry “calf worship” (Hosea 10:5). Such finds confirm the prophet confronted real, tangible idols. • Ostraca (inscribed potsherds) from Samaria record wine and oil shipments for royal officials, highlighting economic inequality that prophets condemned (Amos 4:1; Hosea 12:7). Literary Features and Imagery 1. Repetition: “The more I called, the more they went away” paints escalating rebellion. 2. Contrast: tender parental verbs (taught, lifted, healed) set against Israel’s violent self-destruction. 3. Animal metaphors: cords, yoke, roaring lion, trembling birds—each chosen from everyday life to make the message vivid for farmers and herders. Practical Themes for Today • God’s past faithfulness (rescue from Egypt) should fuel present loyalty. Forgetting leads to new forms of slavery—spiritual or otherwise. • Loving discipline aims to restore, not ruin. Accepting correction keeps hearts soft. • Divine compassion is stronger than human failure. No matter how long rebellion persists, return remains possible (Luke 15:20). Connections to Other Prophets • Isaiah 1:2—“I reared children and brought them up, but they have rebelled.” Same family metaphor, same heartbreak. • Jeremiah 31:20—Ephraim is “My dear son... My heart yearns for him.” Jeremiah picks up Hosea’s tune of deep divine emotion. • Micah 7:18—“Who is a God like You, pardoning iniquity...?” The prophets agree: mercy is God’s signature move. Future Restoration and Messianic Hints • The lion-roar (11:10) signals a return, echoed in Amos 3:8 where God’s roar demands response. Jesus, “the Lion of Judah” (Revelation 5:5), ultimately calls scattered people home. • Trembling birds find secure nests (Psalm 84:3). When Christ gathers His people (Matthew 24:31), Hosea’s picture reaches full bloom. Key Takeaways • Remember the kindness that first drew you. Gratitude fuels obedience. • Discipline is proof of sonship, not rejection. • God’s holiness includes mercy; His plans for restoration outlast our worst detours. Connections to Additional Scriptures Parental Love Compare with Deuteronomy 1:31, where God is described as carrying Israel as a father carries his son. God's Call Reflect on Isaiah 65:2, where God stretches out His hands to a rebellious people. Compassion and Mercy Consider Lamentations 3:22-23, which speaks of God's mercies being new every morning. Restoration Look at Jeremiah 31:20, where God expresses His yearning for Ephraim and His promise to restore. Teaching Points God's Parental Love Hosea 11:1-4 illustrates God's tender care for Israel, likening His relationship to that of a parent with a child. When Israel was a child, I loved him, and out of Egypt I called My son (Hosea 11:1). This highlights God's nurturing and guiding presence in the lives of His people. Israel's Rebellion Despite God's love, Israel turned away, pursuing idols and false gods. But the more I called them, the farther they departed from Me (Hosea 11:2). This reflects the human tendency to stray from God, even when He calls us back to Him. God's Compassionate Heart In verses 8-9, God expresses His internal struggle between justice and mercy. How can I give you up, O Ephraim? How can I hand you over, O Israel? (Hosea 11:8). This reveals God's deep compassion and reluctance to abandon His people. Promise of Restoration Despite Israel's unfaithfulness, God promises not to execute His fierce anger. For I am God and not man—the Holy One among you—and I will not come in wrath (Hosea 11:9). This assurance points to God's ultimate plan for redemption and restoration. Practical Applications Reflect on God's Love Take time to meditate on the depth of God's love for you personally. Consider how He has guided and cared for you throughout your life. Respond to God's Call Just as God called Israel, He calls us to return to Him. Evaluate areas in your life where you may have strayed and seek to realign your heart with His. Embrace God's Mercy Recognize that God's mercy is greater than our failures. Allow His compassion to lead you to repentance and a renewed relationship with Him. Trust in God's Promises Hold onto the promise of restoration and hope that God offers, even in times of difficulty or when you feel distant from Him. People 1. God (Yahweh) God is portrayed as a loving father who called Israel out of Egypt. He expresses deep compassion and sorrow over Israel's waywardness. The Hebrew root for God here is often "YHWH" (יהוה), emphasizing His covenantal relationship with Israel. Hosea 11:1 states, "When Israel was a child, I loved him, and out of Egypt I called My son." 2. Israel Israel is depicted as God's son, whom He called out of Egypt. Despite God's love and care, Israel turns away, worshiping other gods. The name "Israel" (יִשְׂרָאֵל) in Hebrew signifies "God contends" or "one who struggles with God," reflecting the nation's ongoing struggle with faithfulness. Hosea 11:2 mentions, "But the more I called them, the farther they departed from Me." 3. Ephraim Ephraim is often used as a representative name for the northern kingdom of Israel. In Hosea 11, Ephraim is depicted as rebellious and ungrateful, despite God's nurturing care. The Hebrew root "Ephraim" (אֶפְרַיִם) means "fruitful," which is ironic given their spiritual barrenness. Hosea 11:8 states, "How can I give you up, O Ephraim? How can I surrender you, O Israel?" Places 1. Egypt In Hosea 11:1, Egypt is referenced as the place from which God called His son, symbolizing the historical exodus of the Israelites from slavery. The Hebrew root for Egypt is "מִצְרַיִם" (Mitzrayim), which often represents a place of bondage or oppression in biblical texts. 2. Assyria Mentioned in Hosea 11:5, Assyria is the nation to which the Israelites will return due to their refusal to repent. The Hebrew root for Assyria is "אַשּׁוּר" (Ashur), a powerful empire known for its military might and as an instrument of God's judgment against Israel. Events 1. God's Love for Israel The chapter begins with God expressing His love for Israel, saying, "When Israel was a child, I loved him, and out of Egypt I called My son" (Hosea 11:1). This reflects God's historical deliverance of Israel from Egypt, symbolizing His paternal care and affection. 2. Israel's Rebellion Despite God's love, Israel turned away. "But the more I called them, the farther they departed from Me" (Hosea 11:2). This highlights Israel's persistent idolatry and disobedience, despite God's continuous call to return. 3. God's Guidance and Care God recalls His nurturing role, "It was I who taught Ephraim to walk, taking them in My arms" (Hosea 11:3). This metaphor of teaching a child to walk emphasizes God's patient guidance and support. 4. Israel's Ingratitude Despite God's care, Israel did not recognize His healing and provision. "But they did not realize it was I who healed them" (Hosea 11:3). This reflects Israel's lack of acknowledgment of God's benevolence. 5. God's Compassionate Restraint God expresses His internal conflict over punishing Israel, "How can I give you up, O Ephraim? How can I hand you over, O Israel?" (Hosea 11:8). This shows God's deep compassion and reluctance to destroy His people, despite their sins. 6. Promise of Restoration God promises not to execute His fierce anger, "I will not carry out My fierce anger; I will not devastate Ephraim again" (Hosea 11:9). This indicates a future hope and restoration for Israel, rooted in God's mercy. 7. Return to God The chapter concludes with a vision of Israel's return, "They will follow the LORD; He will roar like a lion" (Hosea 11:10). This portrays a future where Israel responds to God's call and returns to Him, signifying reconciliation and renewal. Lessons from Hosea 11 1. God's Unfailing Love In Hosea 11, we see a beautiful portrayal of God's unwavering love for His people. Despite Israel's repeated disobedience, God declares, "When Israel was a child, I loved him, and out of Egypt I called My son" (Hosea 11:1). This verse reminds us that God's love is not contingent on our actions. His love is steadfast and enduring, a comforting truth that encourages us to trust in His eternal care. 2. The Pain of Rejection God expresses His heartache over Israel's rejection, saying, "But the more I called them, the farther they departed from Me" (Hosea 11:2). This highlights the pain that comes with turning away from God. It serves as a reminder to remain faithful and attentive to His call, understanding that our choices can grieve the heart of our loving Creator. 3. The Tenderness of God’s Guidance Hosea 11:3 reveals God's gentle guidance: "It was I who taught Ephraim to walk, taking them in My arms, but they never realized that it was I who healed them." This imagery of a parent teaching a child to walk illustrates God's tender care and patience. It encourages us to recognize His hand in our lives, guiding us with love and healing. 4. The Call to Repentance God's call to repentance is evident as He laments over Israel's waywardness. "My people are bent on turning from Me" (Hosea 11:7). This serves as a powerful reminder of the importance of repentance in our spiritual journey. Turning back to God is not just a one-time event but a continual process of aligning our hearts with His will. 5. The Compassion of God Despite Israel's rebellion, God’s compassion shines through: "How can I give you up, O Ephraim? How can I hand you over, O Israel?" (Hosea 11:8). This verse underscores the depth of God's compassion, showing that His mercy triumphs over judgment. It reassures us that no matter how far we stray, God’s compassion is always ready to welcome us back. 6. The Promise of Restoration God promises restoration, saying, "I will not carry out My fierce anger; I will not again destroy Ephraim" (Hosea 11:9). This promise of restoration is a testament to God’s faithfulness and His desire to renew and restore His people. It encourages us to hold onto hope, knowing that God’s plans for us are always for our good. 7. The Holiness of God In Hosea 11:9, God declares, "For I am God and not man—the Holy One among you." This statement highlights the holiness and otherness of God. It reminds us that His ways are higher than ours, and His holiness calls us to live lives that reflect His character, set apart for His purposes. 8. The Assurance of God’s Presence God’s presence is a constant theme, as He promises, "They will follow the LORD; He will roar like a lion" (Hosea 11:10). This assurance of His presence gives us confidence and courage to follow Him, knowing that He leads us with strength and authority. 9. The Call to Return Hosea 11:11 speaks of a return: "They will come trembling like birds from Egypt, like doves from Assyria." This call to return is an invitation to come back to God with humility and reverence. It encourages us to approach Him with a heart ready to receive His grace and forgiveness. 10. The Faithfulness of God Finally, Hosea 11 concludes with a reminder of God’s faithfulness: "I will settle them in their homes, declares the LORD" (Hosea 11:11). This promise of settling and security reflects God’s unwavering faithfulness to His promises. It reassures us that He is a God who keeps His word, providing us with a firm foundation on which to build our lives. Topics 1. God's Love for Israel Hosea 11 begins with a profound expression of God's enduring love for Israel. The chapter opens with the declaration, "When Israel was a child, I loved him, and out of Egypt I called My son" (Hosea 11:1). This verse reflects God's paternal affection and the historical deliverance of Israel from Egypt, symbolizing His covenantal relationship with His people. The Hebrew word for "loved" (אָהַב, 'ahav) emphasizes a deep, committed love. 2. Israel's Rebellion Despite God's love, Israel's response is characterized by rebellion. Verse 2 states, "But the more I called them, the farther they departed from Me" (Hosea 11:2). This highlights the persistent disobedience and idolatry of Israel, as they turned to Baals and idols. The Hebrew root for "departed" (זָבַח, zabach) conveys a sense of turning away or sacrificing to other gods. 3. God's Tender Care God reminisces about His nurturing care for Israel, saying, "It was I who taught Ephraim to walk, taking them in My arms" (Hosea 11:3). This imagery of a parent teaching a child to walk underscores God's guidance and support. The Hebrew verb "taught" (יָסַר, yasar) implies instruction and discipline, reflecting God's patient guidance. 4. Divine Compassion and Reluctance to Punish Despite Israel's waywardness, God expresses a reluctance to execute His wrath fully. In verse 8, He declares, "How can I give you up, O Ephraim? How can I hand you over, O Israel?" (Hosea 11:8). This passage reveals God's internal conflict between justice and mercy, highlighting His compassionate nature. The Hebrew word for "compassion" (נִחַם, nicham) suggests a deep emotional response and a change of heart. 5. Promise of Restoration The chapter concludes with a promise of future restoration. God assures that He will not execute His fierce anger, stating, "For I am God and not man—the Holy One among you" (Hosea 11:9). This promise reflects God's faithfulness and the hope of redemption for Israel. The Hebrew term for "Holy One" (קָדוֹשׁ, qadosh) emphasizes God's distinct and pure nature, setting Him apart from human limitations. Themes 1. Divine Love and Compassion Hosea 11:1 states, "When Israel was a child, I loved him, and out of Egypt I called My son." This verse highlights God's enduring love and compassion for Israel, likening the nation to a beloved child. The Hebrew word for "loved" (אָהַב, 'ahav) emphasizes a deep, covenantal affection. 2. Rebellion and Ingratitude In Hosea 11:2, it is written, "But the more I called them, the farther they departed from Me." This theme underscores Israel's persistent rebellion and ingratitude despite God's continuous call and care. The Hebrew root for "departed" (זָבַח, zabach) suggests a turning away or sacrifice to other gods. 3. Parental Guidance and Nurture Verse 3 states, "It was I who taught Ephraim to walk, taking them in My arms, but they never realized that it was I who healed them." This theme reflects God's nurturing role, akin to a parent teaching a child to walk, emphasizing His guidance and healing presence. 4. Judgment and Consequences Hosea 11:5 warns, "They will not return to the land of Egypt, but Assyria will be their king because they refused to repent." This theme addresses the consequences of Israel's refusal to repent, leading to judgment and exile under Assyrian rule. The Hebrew word for "repent" (שׁוּב, shuv) means to turn back or return, highlighting the missed opportunity for reconciliation. 5. Divine Mercy and Reluctance to Punish In Hosea 11:8, God expresses, "How can I give you up, O Ephraim? How can I surrender you, O Israel?" This theme reveals God's internal struggle and reluctance to punish His people, showcasing His mercy and desire for their redemption. The Hebrew word for "give up" (נָתַן, natan) conveys a sense of relinquishing or abandoning, which God is hesitant to do. 6. Promise of Restoration Hosea 11:11 promises, "They will come trembling like birds from Egypt and like doves from the land of Assyria, and I will settle them in their homes, declares the LORD." This theme highlights the promise of restoration and return, with God ultimately bringing His people back to their land. The Hebrew root for "settle" (יָשַׁב, yashav) implies dwelling or establishing, indicating a future hope and stability. Prayer Points Thanksgiving for God's Love Thank God for His unwavering love and faithfulness, even when we fall short. Repentance and Return Pray for a heart that is quick to repent and return to God when we stray. Embrace of Mercy Ask God to help you fully embrace His mercy and forgiveness, letting go of guilt and shame. Hope in Restoration Pray for strength to trust in God's promises of restoration and to live in the hope of His redemption. Answering Tough Questions 1. In Hosea 11:1, how can “Out of Egypt I called my son” refer to both Israel’s exodus and Jesus in Matthew 2:15 without contradiction? 2. In Hosea 11:2, is there concrete archaeological evidence of Israel’s widespread idol worship to affirm or dispute the prophet’s accusation? 3. Does Hosea 11:5–6 accurately reflect Assyrian conquests when historical records sometimes dispute the extent of Assyrian rule over Israel? 4. How does Hosea 11:8–9’s portrayal of divine compassion align with Old Testament passages describing God’s severe judgments? 5. Why does Hosea 11:8 mention Admah and Zeboiim if archaeological findings for these cities are scarce or inconclusive? Bible Study Discussion Questions 1. How does God's portrayal as a parent in Hosea 11 influence your understanding of His relationship with us? 2. In what ways can you see the struggle between God’s justice and mercy in your own life experiences? 3. Why do you think the Israelites kept turning away from God despite His constant love and care? 4. What are some modern "Egypts" or "Assyrias" that people tend to turn to instead of God? 5. How does God's promise of restoration in verses 10-12 provide hope for you in your current life circumstances? 6. What does the statement "For I am God and not a man" tell us about God's nature and how He deals with us? 7. How can we reconcile God’s judgment and His compassion based on our understanding from Hosea 11? 8. How can the cycles of rebellion and restoration in Hosea 11 be observed in today's world? 9. How can the historical context of Israel's disobedience help us understand our present-day tendency to stray from God? 10. How does God's enduring love despite Israel’s disobedience impact your perspective on God's love for you? 11. What steps can we take to avoid the cycle of disobedience observed in the Israelites? 12. How does Hosea 11 challenge our understanding of God's response to disobedience? 13. How might you apply the lessons learned from Hosea 11 in your own journey of faith? 14. In what ways can the church today heed the warnings and promises found in Hosea 11? 15. How does understanding the magnitude of God's love affect how you interact with others in your life? 16. How does Hosea 11 inspire you to return to God when you have strayed away? 17. If God is not a man, as stated in Hosea 11:9, how does this influence your expectations of God’s actions? 18. In the light of God's mercy and compassion seen in Hosea 11, how can we extend similar mercy to others in our lives? 19. How does God's "roaring like a lion" symbolize His power and authority, and what does this mean for us today? 20. Reflect on a personal situation where you felt the pull between God's justice and mercy. How did it resolve, and what did you learn from that experience? Bible Hub Chapter Summaries and Bible Study Questions