◄ Leviticus 1 ►
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Laws for Burnt Offerings (Leviticus 6:8–13) 1Then the LORD called to Moses and spoke to him from the Tent of Meeting, saying, 2“Speak to the Israelites and tell them: When any of you brings an offering to the LORD, you may bring as your offering an animal from the herd or the flock. 3If his offering is a burnt offering from the herd, he is to present an unblemished male. He must bring it to the entrance to the Tent of Meeting for its acceptance before the LORD. 4He is to lay his hand on the head of the burnt offering, so it can be accepted on his behalf to make atonement for him. 5And he shall slaughter the young bull before the LORD, and Aaron’s sons the priests are to present the blood and splatter it on all sides of the altar at the entrance to the Tent of Meeting. 6Next, he is to skin the burnt offering and cut it into pieces. 7The sons of Aaron the priest shall put a fire on the altar and arrange wood on the fire. 8Then Aaron’s sons the priests are to arrange the pieces, including the head and the fat, atop the burning wood on the altar. 9The entrails and legs must be washed with water, and the priest shall burn all of it on the altar as a burnt offering, a food offering, a pleasing aroma to the LORD. 10If, however, one’s offering is a burnt offering from the flock—from the sheep or goats—he is to present an unblemished male. 11He shall slaughter it on the north side of the altar before the LORD, and Aaron’s sons the priests are to splatter its blood against the altar on all sides. 12He is to cut the animal into pieces, and the priest shall arrange them, including the head and fat, atop the burning wood that is on the altar. 13The entrails and legs must be washed with water, and the priest shall present all of it and burn it on the altar; it is a burnt offering, a food offering, a pleasing aroma to the LORD. 14If, instead, one’s offering to the LORD is a burnt offering of birds, he is to present a turtledove or a young pigeon. 15Then the priest shall bring it to the altar, twist off its head, and burn it on the altar; its blood should be drained out on the side of the altar. 16And he is to remove the crop with its contentsa and throw it to the east side of the altar, in the place for ashes. 17He shall tear it open by its wings, without dividing the bird completely. And the priest is to burn it on the altar atop the burning wood. It is a burnt offering, a food offering, a pleasing aroma to the LORD. Footnotes: 16 a Or the crop and feathers Berean Standard Bible (BSB) printed 2016, 2020, 2022, 2025 by Bible Hub and Berean.Bible. Produced in cooperation with Bible Hub, Discovery Bible, unfoldingWord, Bible Aquifer, OpenBible.com, and the Berean Bible Translation Committee. This text of God's Word has been dedicated to the public domain. Free downloads and unlimited usage available. See also the Berean Literal Bible and Berean Interlinear Bible. Bible Hub Leviticus 1 Summary Laws for Burnt Offerings Verses 1–2 – Divine Call from the Tent of Meeting The LORD speaks to Moses “from the Tent of Meeting” and summons Israel to hear instructions about approaching Him by sacrifice. The place, the voice, and the order all come from God, not human invention. Verses 3–9 – Burnt Offering from the Herd If a worshiper brings a bull, it must be “a male without blemish.” He presents it at the entrance, lays his hand on its head, slaughters it, and the priests splash the blood on the altar. The carcass is skinned, cut into pieces, washed, and completely burned. The smoke is “a pleasing aroma to the LORD.” Verses 10–13 – Burnt Offering from the Flock The same pattern applies to a sheep or goat. After blood is applied, the priest arranges head, fat, and pieces on the fire. The total offering rises to God just like the larger animal. Verses 14–17 – Burnt Offering from Birds For those with limited means, turtledoves or young pigeons are acceptable. The priest wrings off the head, drains the blood, removes the crop and feathers, tears the bird open without severing it, and burns it entirely on the altar. This passage vividly portrays God's meticulous instructions to Moses about the different offerings acceptable to Him. The narrative details the process of presenting offerings, whether they are animals from the herd, the flock, or birds, and emphasizes the importance of these offerings for atonement. Background: Where We Stand in the Story Exodus ended with the glory of the LORD filling the Tabernacle (Exodus 40:34-38). Leviticus opens by teaching a redeemed people how to live with that glory in their midst. The first topic—burnt offerings—sets the tone. In a world where neighboring nations sacrificed to manipulate fickle gods, Israel learns to worship the one true God who graciously tells them exactly how to come near. The Burnt Offering: Meaning and Purpose • Hebrew olah means “that which goes up.” Everything ascends in flame—nothing held back. • It atones for sin in a general way but, more than that, it symbolizes total dedication. • Romans 12:1 echoes the theme: “present your bodies as a living sacrifice.” • The phrase “a pleasing aroma” shows God’s acceptance. Ephesians 5:2 later applies the same wording to Christ’s self-sacrifice. The Entrance and the Laying On of Hands “he is to lay his hand on the head of the burnt offering, so that it may be accepted on his behalf” (1:4). • Identification: the worshiper says, in effect, “this life stands for my life.” • Transfer: guilt passes to the innocent victim; innocence is counted to the sinner. • Personal: the worshiper must press the hand himself; no proxy. • Foreshadowing: Isaiah 53:6, “the LORD has laid on Him the iniquity of us all.” Male Without Defect: A Picture of Holiness Only a perfect animal is fit because God is perfect (Malachi 1:8-14). The rule anticipates the sinless Christ, “a lamb without blemish or defect” (1 Peter 1:19). It also calls God’s people to integrity—offerings reflect the heart behind them. Blood on the Altar: Life for Life Leviticus 17:11 explains, “for the life of the flesh is in the blood… it is the blood that makes atonement.” Sprinkling blood against the altar’s sides dramatizes substitutionary death. Hebrews 9:22 will later affirm, “without the shedding of blood there is no forgiveness.” All on the Fire: Total Surrender Nothing is eaten, nothing left to decay; every piece is consumed. Fire represents God’s searching presence (Deuteronomy 4:24). The whole-burnt offering says, “I hold nothing back.” Jesus’ words in Mark 12:30—“love the LORD your God with all your heart, soul, mind, and strength”—echo this wholeheartedness. Economic Grace: Provision for Every Worshiper Bulls, sheep, goats, birds—the sliding scale means anyone can draw near. Luke 2:24 records Mary and Joseph bringing the bird option after Jesus’ birth, confirming the law’s inclusive design. Priestly Service: Aaron’s Sons at Work Repeated phrases—“the sons of Aaron the priest”—stress order and mediation. Priests handle blood and fire so the worshiper can stand accepted. Hebrews 7:25 later shows Christ as the perfect, never-ending priest who both offers and is the sacrifice. Archaeological Footnotes: Altars and Sacrifice in the Ancient Near East • Stone horned altars discovered at Tel Beersheba (8th century BC) match the Levitical pattern of horns for daubing blood. • Ostraca from Kuntillet ‘Ajrud mention offerings to “YHWH of Samaria,” indicating northern shrines copied but sometimes twisted Torah worship. • Egyptian scenes depict cattle led for sacrifice, highlighting that Israel’s ritual language was understood but redirected to the true God. Echoes in Later Scripture • Genesis 22 prefigures the burnt offering when Abraham says, “God Himself will provide the lamb.” • 1 Kings 18:38 shows fire from heaven consuming Elijah’s burnt offering, confirming divine approval. • Psalm 51:19 links inward repentance to acceptable burnt offerings. • Ezra 3:2-6 records burnt offerings re-established first when the exiles return—priority of worship. Fulfillment in Messiah Jesus’ death fits every detail: flawless, voluntary, blood shed, wholly offered, pleasing to the Father (John 10:17-18; Ephesians 5:2). The tearing of the temple veil (Mark 15:38) signals that the way into God’s presence, once guarded by priests and sacrifice, now stands open through Him. Practical Takeaways for Today • God takes the initiative—He calls and provides the way. • Worship is costly; true devotion involves surrender of the best. • Holiness matters; blemish-free offerings warn against casual sin. • Inclusion of birds reminds us that no one is too poor to approach God. • The sacrifice points forward: trust the once-for-all offering of Christ and live a life that “goes up” daily as a pleasing aroma to God. Connections to Additional Scriptures Romans 12:1 Therefore I urge you, brothers, on account of God’s mercy, to offer your bodies as living sacrifices, holy and pleasing to God, which is your spiritual service of worship. Hebrews 10:10 And by that will, we have been sanctified through the sacrifice of the body of Jesus Christ once for all. 1 Peter 1:18-19 For you know that it was not with perishable things such as silver or gold that you were redeemed from the empty way of life you inherited from your forefathers, but with the precious blood of Christ, a lamb without blemish or spot. Teaching Points Divine Instruction Leviticus 1:1-2 begins with God calling Moses and giving him specific instructions for the Israelites: The LORD called to Moses and spoke to him from the Tent of Meeting, saying, 'Speak to the Israelites and tell them: When any of you brings an offering to the LORD, you may bring as your offering an animal from the herd or the flock.' Voluntary Offering The burnt offering was a voluntary act of worship, symbolizing complete surrender to God. It was a way for the Israelites to express their devotion and seek atonement. Unblemished Sacrifice Verses 3-4 emphasize the requirement for an unblemished male animal: If one's offering is a burnt offering from the herd, he is to offer an unblemished male. He must present it at the entrance to the Tent of Meeting, so that he may be accepted by the LORD. Atonement and Acceptance The laying of hands on the animal (v. 4) symbolized the transfer of sin and the offerer's identification with the sacrifice, which was then accepted on their behalf for atonement. Complete Consumption The entire animal was to be burned on the altar (v. 9), signifying total dedication to God and the complete consumption of the offering as a pleasing aroma to the LORD. Practical Applications Total Surrender Just as the burnt offering symbolized complete dedication, we are called to offer our lives wholly to God, holding nothing back. Pursuit of Holiness The requirement for an unblemished sacrifice reminds us of the call to pursue holiness and purity in our own lives. Understanding Atonement Reflect on the significance of atonement and how it points to the ultimate sacrifice of Jesus Christ, who was without blemish and offered Himself for our sins. Worship as a Lifestyle Consider how our daily actions and decisions can be acts of worship, reflecting our devotion and surrender to God. People 1. The LORD (Yahweh) The chapter begins with the LORD speaking to Moses. In the Hebrew text, the name used is "YHWH" (יהוה), which is often rendered as "LORD" in English translations. This name is considered sacred and signifies the covenantal God of Israel. 2. Moses Moses is the recipient of the LORD's instructions regarding the burnt offerings. He serves as the mediator between God and the Israelites. In Hebrew, his name is "Moshe" (מֹשֶׁה). 3. The Sons of Aaron (Priests) The sons of Aaron are mentioned as the priests who are to perform the rituals associated with the burnt offerings. Aaron, the brother of Moses, was the first high priest, and his descendants served as priests. The Hebrew term for priests is "Kohanim" (כֹּהֲנִים). 4. The Israelites The instructions are given for the benefit of the Israelites, who are to bring their offerings to the LORD. In Hebrew, they are referred to as "B'nei Yisrael" (בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל), meaning "children of Israel." Places 1. Tent of Meeting The Tent of Meeting, also known as the Tabernacle, is the central place of worship and sacrifice for the Israelites during their journey in the wilderness. It is where God communicates with Moses and where the Israelites bring their offerings. The Hebrew term for this is "Ohel Mo'ed" (אֹהֶל מוֹעֵד), which signifies a designated place for divine-human encounters. 2. Altar The altar is located at the entrance of the Tent of Meeting. It is the place where burnt offerings are presented to the Lord. The Hebrew word for altar is "mizbeach" (מִזְבֵּחַ), which comes from a root meaning "to slaughter" or "to sacrifice," indicating its primary function in the sacrificial system. Events 1. The LORD Calls to Moses "Then the LORD called to Moses and spoke to him from the Tent of Meeting, saying," (Leviticus 1:1). The Hebrew word for "called" is קָרָא (qara), indicating a summoning or invitation to receive divine instruction. 2. Instructions for Burnt Offerings "Speak to the Israelites and say to them, ‘When any of you brings an offering to the LORD, you shall bring your offering of livestock from the herd or the flock." (Leviticus 1:2). The term for "offering" is קָרְבָּן (korban), which implies something brought near or presented. 3. Offering a Male Without Blemish "If one’s offering is a burnt offering from the herd, he is to offer an unblemished male. He must present it at the entrance to the Tent of Meeting for acceptance on his behalf before the LORD." (Leviticus 1:3). The Hebrew word תָּמִים (tamim) means "without blemish," signifying purity and perfection. 4. Laying Hands on the Head of the Offering "He is to lay his hand on the head of the burnt offering, so that it may be accepted on his behalf to make atonement for him." (Leviticus 1:4). The act of laying hands, סָמַךְ (samach), symbolizes identification and transfer of sin. 5. Slaughtering the Bull Before the LORD "He shall slaughter the young bull before the LORD, and Aaron’s sons the priests shall present the blood and sprinkle it on all sides of the altar at the entrance to the Tent of Meeting." (Leviticus 1:5). The Hebrew verb שָׁחַט (shachat) means to slaughter or kill, indicating a sacrificial act. 6. Preparing the Offering "Then he is to skin the burnt offering and cut it into pieces." (Leviticus 1:6). The process of preparing the offering involves meticulous steps to ensure it is suitable for sacrifice. 7. Arranging the Fire and Wood "The sons of Aaron the priest shall put fire on the altar and arrange wood on the fire." (Leviticus 1:7). The fire represents divine presence and acceptance, while the wood sustains the offering. 8. Arranging the Pieces on the Altar "Then Aaron’s sons the priests shall arrange the pieces, including the head and fat, on the wood that is burning on the altar." (Leviticus 1:8). The arrangement signifies order and reverence in the sacrificial process. 9. Washing the Internal Organs and Legs "The entrails and legs must be washed with water, and the priest shall burn all of it on the altar as a burnt offering, an offering made by fire, a pleasing aroma to the LORD." (Leviticus 1:9). Washing, רָחַץ (rachatz), symbolizes purification and readiness for offering. 10. Alternative Offerings from the Flock "If, however, one’s offering is a burnt offering from the flock—from the sheep or goats—he is to present an unblemished male." (Leviticus 1:10). Similar procedures apply to offerings from the flock, emphasizing the importance of purity and ritual. 11. Offering of Birds "If, instead, one’s offering to the LORD is a burnt offering of birds, he is to present a turtledove or a young pigeon." (Leviticus 1:14). The provision for birds allows for offerings from those of lesser means, maintaining inclusivity in worship. 12. Procedure for Bird Offerings "The priest shall bring it to the altar, wring off its head, and burn it on the altar; its blood shall be drained out on the side of the altar." (Leviticus 1:15). The method for bird offerings is distinct yet follows the principle of sacrifice and atonement. Lessons from Leviticus 1 1. The Call to Holiness Leviticus is a powerful reminder that we are called to be holy because God is holy. This book sets the stage for understanding the importance of living a life set apart for God. As it says in Leviticus 19:2, "Speak to the entire congregation of the Israelites and tell them: ‘Be holy because I, the LORD your God, am holy.’" This call to holiness is not just an Old Testament concept but a timeless truth that encourages us to reflect God's character in our daily lives. 2. The Significance of Sacrifice The sacrificial system outlined in Leviticus points us to the ultimate sacrifice of Jesus Christ. The detailed instructions for offerings remind us of the cost of sin and the need for atonement. Leviticus 17:11 states, "For the life of the flesh is in the blood, and I have given it to you on the altar to make atonement for your souls." This foreshadows the sacrifice of Christ, whose blood was shed for our salvation. 3. The Importance of Obedience Leviticus teaches us that obedience to God's commands is crucial. The Israelites were given specific instructions to follow, and their adherence was a reflection of their relationship with God. As we read in Leviticus 26:3, "If you walk in My statutes and carefully observe My commandments," blessings would follow. This principle remains true today, as obedience brings us closer to God and aligns us with His will. 4. The Role of the Priesthood The book highlights the role of the priests as mediators between God and His people. This points us to Jesus, our High Priest, who intercedes on our behalf. Leviticus 8:6-9 describes the consecration of Aaron and his sons, setting them apart for service. This reminds us of our own calling to be a "royal priesthood" (1 Peter 2:9), serving God and others with dedication. 5. The Concept of Clean and Unclean Leviticus introduces the idea of clean and unclean, teaching us about purity and the need for spiritual cleanliness. These laws were not just about physical health but also about maintaining a right relationship with God. Leviticus 11:44 says, "For I am the LORD your God. Consecrate yourselves therefore, and be holy, because I am holy." This encourages us to examine our hearts and live in a way that honors God. 6. The Principle of Rest The Sabbath and the Year of Jubilee are beautiful reminders of the importance of rest and renewal. Leviticus 25:4 instructs, "But in the seventh year there shall be a Sabbath of complete rest for the land, a Sabbath to the LORD." This principle teaches us to trust in God's provision and to take time to rest, recharge, and refocus on Him. 7. The Value of Community Leviticus emphasizes the importance of community and caring for one another. The laws given were not just for individual benefit but for the well-being of the entire community. Leviticus 19:18 commands, "Love your neighbor as yourself." This timeless principle encourages us to live in harmony and support each other in love. 8. The Power of Repentance The Day of Atonement, described in Leviticus 16, is a powerful illustration of repentance and forgiveness. It was a time for the Israelites to confess their sins and seek God's mercy. This reminds us of the importance of repentance in our own lives, as 1 John 1:9 assures us, "If we confess our sins, He is faithful and just to forgive us our sins and to cleanse us from all unrighteousness." 9. The Joy of Worship Leviticus is filled with instructions for worship, highlighting the joy and reverence that come from honoring God. The various feasts and offerings were opportunities for the Israelites to celebrate God's goodness. Leviticus 23:40 encourages, "And you shall rejoice before the LORD your God for seven days." Worship is a joyful expression of our love and gratitude to God. 10. The Promise of God's Presence Finally, Leviticus assures us of God's desire to dwell among His people. The tabernacle was a symbol of His presence, and the book ends with a promise of blessing for obedience. Leviticus 26:12 declares, "I will walk among you and be your God, and you will be My people." This promise is fulfilled in Christ, who dwells in us through the Holy Spirit, guiding and empowering us every day. Topics 1. Introduction to Burnt Offerings (Leviticus 1:1-2) God calls Moses and provides instructions for the Israelites regarding offerings. The Hebrew term for burnt offering, "olah" (עֹלָה), signifies that which ascends, indicating the offering's complete consumption by fire. 2. Offerings from the Herd (Leviticus 1:3-9) Instructions for offering a male bull without blemish. The offerer is to lay his hand on the animal's head, symbolizing identification and atonement. The Hebrew word "tamim" (תָּמִים) means "without blemish," emphasizing the need for purity and perfection in offerings. 3. Offerings from the Flock (Leviticus 1:10-13) Guidelines for offering a male sheep or goat, also without blemish. The process mirrors that of the herd offering, underscoring the importance of ritual purity and the symbolic transfer of sin. 4. Offerings of Birds (Leviticus 1:14-17) Provisions for those who cannot afford larger animals, allowing for the offering of turtledoves or young pigeons. This inclusivity highlights God's provision for all economic levels within the community. Each section emphasizes the importance of offering the best to God, reflecting themes of atonement, dedication, and worship. The sacrificial system foreshadows the ultimate sacrifice of Christ, who fulfills the law's requirements. Themes 1. Divine Instructions for Offerings Leviticus 1 begins with the LORD calling Moses and giving him specific instructions for the Israelites regarding burnt offerings: "The LORD called to Moses and spoke to him from the Tent of Meeting" (Leviticus 1:1). The Hebrew word for "called" is קָרָא (qara), indicating a divine summons or invitation, emphasizing the importance of these instructions. 2. Voluntary Offerings The chapter outlines that offerings are to be brought voluntarily: "If anyone among you brings an offering to the LORD, you shall bring your offering of livestock from the herd or the flock" (Leviticus 1:2). The Hebrew term for "offering" is קָרְבָּן (korban), which implies drawing near to God, highlighting the voluntary nature of worship. 3. Unblemished Sacrifices The requirement for offerings to be "a male without blemish" (Leviticus 1:3) underscores the theme of purity and perfection in sacrifices. The Hebrew word תָּמִים (tamim) means complete or whole, reflecting the need for offerings to be without defect, symbolizing Christ's sinless nature in Christian theology. 4. Atonement through Sacrifice The act of laying hands on the offering "to make atonement on his behalf" (Leviticus 1:4) signifies the transfer of sin and the need for atonement. The Hebrew word כָּפַר (kaphar) means to cover or atone, pointing to the sacrificial system as a means of reconciliation with God. 5. Ritualistic Procedures Detailed procedures for the sacrifice, including the slaughter, skinning, and burning of the offering (Leviticus 1:5-9), highlight the importance of following God's commands precisely. This reflects the Hebrew concept of מִשְׁפָּט (mishpat), meaning justice or ordinance, emphasizing obedience to divine law. 6. Aroma Pleasing to the LORD The repeated phrase "an aroma pleasing to the LORD" (Leviticus 1:9, 13, 17) signifies God's acceptance of the offerings. The Hebrew word רֵיחַ (reyach) for aroma and נִיחוֹחַ (nihoach) for pleasing suggest a sense of satisfaction and approval from God, symbolizing divine favor. 7. Inclusivity of Offerings The chapter allows for different types of animals (bulls, sheep, goats, birds) to be offered, accommodating various economic statuses (Leviticus 1:3, 10, 14). This inclusivity reflects the Hebrew concept of צְדָקָה (tzedakah), meaning righteousness or charity, ensuring all can participate in worship. Prayer Points Thanksgiving for Christ's Sacrifice Thank God for the ultimate sacrifice of Jesus, who fulfilled the requirements of the law and provided atonement for our sins. Commitment to Holiness Pray for strength and guidance to live a life that is holy and pleasing to God, reflecting His character in all we do. Surrender and Dedication Ask God to help you fully surrender every area of your life to Him, trusting in His perfect will and purpose. Worship in Spirit and Truth Seek God's help in making your life a continuous act of worship, honoring Him in every thought, word, and deed. Answering Tough Questions 1. In Leviticus 1:9, why is a “pleasing aroma” significant to an omnipotent, immaterial God? 2. How could a nomadic people in the desert, as described in Exodus, realistically sustain the large-scale animal sacrifices outlined in Leviticus 1? 3. Are there historical or archaeological records that corroborate detailed sacrificial rituals like those mandated in Leviticus 1? 4. If God is unchanging, why did these explicit sacrificial commands lose prominence by New Testament times (cf. Hebrews 10:1–10)? 5. How does the emphasis on burnt offerings in Leviticus 1 align with later scripture stressing mercy over sacrifice (Hosea 6:6)? Bible Study Discussion Questions 1. How does this passage portray the idea of atonement in the context of ancient Israel? 2. What significance do the different types of offerings carry? 3. How does the process of offering symbolize respect and reverence for the divine? 4. Why is it important that the offerings be unblemished? 5. How does the act of the offerer laying hands on the offering head affect your understanding of guilt and atonement? 6. In modern times, what parallels can we draw from these rituals and offerings? 7. What does the role of Aaron and his sons tell us about spiritual leadership? 8. How do the details and exactness of these instructions reflect on the nature of God? 9. How can we apply the principles of obedience as seen in this passage to our daily lives? 10. How might the process of preparing and presenting the offerings impact the community's sense of collective responsibility? 11. Are there any aspects of these practices that seem confusing or difficult to understand? How might studying the historical and cultural context help clarify these practices? 12. How might we consider the concept of "pleasing aroma to the Lord" in the context of our personal faith? 13. In what ways do these ancient rituals parallel our contemporary methods of expressing faith and seeking forgiveness? 14. What might the slaughter and burning of these offerings symbolize in the broader context of sacrificial love? 15. How do you interpret the phrase "without dividing the bird completely"? 16. What is the significance of the locations (north side of the altar, east side of the altar) mentioned in the process of offering? 17. What does this passage tell us about the importance of the right way of doing things in our relationship with God? 18. How does this chapter inform our understanding of the Old Testament sacrificial system? 19. Can the act of sacrificing an animal in the described manner be translated into a personal, modern-day sacrifice? If so, how? 20. In the modern world, how might we symbolically "lay our hands" on our sins to achieve atonement and forgiveness? Bible Hub Chapter Summaries and Bible Study Questions