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Strong's Lexicon ed: Witness, Testimony Original Word: עֵד Part of Speech: Noun Masculine Transliteration: `ed Pronunciation: āyd Phonetic Spelling: (ayd) Definition: a witness, testimony, a recorder, prince Meaning: The term עֵד (ʿēd) primarily denotes a "witness" or "testimony." It can also refer to a "recorder" or "prince" in certain contexts, emphasizing the role of one who bears witness or provides authoritative testimony. Word Origin: Derived from the root עוּד (ʿûd), which means to return, repeat, or do again, often in the context of bearing witness or giving testimony. Corresponding Greek / Hebrew Entries: • G3140 (μαρτυρέω, martyreō): To bear witness, testify. • G3141 (μαρτυρία, martyria): Testimony, witness. • G3142 (μαρτύριον, martyrion): A testimony, evidence. • G3144 (μάρτυς, martys): A witness. These Greek terms reflect similar concepts of witnessing and testimony as found in the Hebrew עֵד, emphasizing the continuity of these themes in both the Old and New Testaments. Usage: The word עֵד is used throughout the Hebrew Bible to describe individuals or entities that serve as witnesses in legal, covenantal, or historical contexts. It is often associated with the act of bearing testimony or providing evidence in a judicial or covenantal setting. Context: • The concept of a "witness" in the Hebrew Bible is integral to the legal and covenantal systems of ancient Israel. A witness (עֵד) is someone who provides testimony, often in a legal context, to affirm the truth of a matter. This role is crucial in maintaining justice and upholding the law. • In the context of covenants, witnesses serve as guarantors of the agreement, ensuring that the terms are remembered and adhered to by all parties involved. For example, in Genesis 31:44-52, the heap of stones set up by Jacob and Laban serves as a witness to their covenant. • The term can also refer to objects or monuments that serve as witnesses to significant events or divine acts. For instance, the stones set up by Joshua in Joshua 24:27 are described as witnesses to the covenant between God and Israel. • In some instances, עֵד is used metaphorically to describe God Himself as a witness to human actions and intentions, as seen in Malachi 3:5. • The role of a "recorder" or "prince" as a witness highlights the authoritative nature of the testimony provided, often in the context of royal or official records. NAS Exhaustive Concordance Word Origin from ud Definition a witness NASB Translation evidence (1), witness (45), witnesses (23). Brown-Driver-Briggs עֵד69 noun masculineDeuteronomy 17:6 witness (probably from reiterating, hence emphatically affirming); — ׳ע absolute Genesis 31:48 +, construct Exodus 20:16 +; suffix עֵדִי Job 16:19; plural עֵדִים Numbers 35:30 +, construct עֵדֵי Psalm 27:12; Psalm 35:11; suffix עֵדַי Isaiah 43:10,12, etc.; — 1 witness, testimony, evidence, of things: heap of stones Genesis 31:44,48,52 (JE), torn animal Exodus 22:12 (E), song of Moses Deuteronomy 31:19,21 (J), law-book Deuteronomy 31:26 (D), witness of ׳י against Israel; altar east of Jordan, with בֵּין, Joshua 22:27,28,34 (P), compare Isaiah 19:20; Job's evil condition Job 16:8; the moon Psalm 89:38. 2 witness, a person: a. God, in heaven for Job Job 16:19; on earth, for Samuel 1 Samuel 12:5 (twice in verse) + 1 Samuel 12:6 ᵐ5 Th and most, Jeremiah Jeremiah 42:5; see also 1 Samuel 20:12 (insert עֵד before ׳י ᵑ6 Dr Bu Kit Löhr HPS); against persons Jeremiah 29:23; Malachi 3:5, nations Micah 1:2; between (בֵּין persons Genesis 31:50 (E). b. Davidic dyn., to nations Isaiah 55:4. c. witnesses, of transfer of property Jeremiah 32:10,12,25,44, betrothal Ruth 4:9,10,11; usually of testimony in court, and in civil and social relations, with בְּ against, Numbers 5:13; Joshua 24:22; 1 Samuel 12:5 +, with קום rise up against Psalm 27:12; Psalm 35:11; עָנָה עֵד שֶׁקֶר בְּ answer (in court) as a false witness against Exodus 20:16 = עֵד שָׁוְא Deuteronomy 5:17; Proverbs 25:18; לְפִי עֵדִים Numbers 35:30 (P); עַלמִּֿי עֵדִ(יםׅ Deuteronomy 17:6 (twice in verse) at the mouth of witnesses, so Deuteronomy 19:15 (twice in verse). — False witness is שֶׁקֶר ׳ע Exodus 20:16; Deuteronomy 19:18 (twice in verse); Psalm 27:12; Proverbs 6:19; Proverbs 14:5; שְׁקָרִים ׳ע Proverbs 12:17; Proverbs 19:5,9; כְּזָבִים ׳ע Proverbs 21:28; חִנָּם ׳ע Proverbs 24:28; בְּלִיַּעַל ׳ע Proverbs 19:28; חָמָס ׳ע witness of (i.e. supporting) violence Exodus 23:1 (E) Deuteronomy 19:16; Psalm 35:11. Faithful witness is אֱמוּנִים ׳ע Proverbs 14:5; אֱמֶת ׳ע Jeremiah 42:5; Proverbs 14:25. Strong's Exhaustive Concordance witness Contracted from uwd; concretely, a witness; abstractly, testimony; specifically, a recorder, i.e. Prince -- witness. see HEBREW uwd Forms and Transliterations הָֽעֵדִ֔ים הָעֵ֔ד הָעֵדִ֞ים העד העדים וְעֵ֖ד וְעֵ֣ד וְעֵ֤ד וְעֵ֥ד וְעֵד֙ וְעֵדֵיהֶ֣ם וָעֵ֖ד וּלְעֵ֛ד ולעד ועד ועדיהם לְעֵ֔ד לְעֵ֖ד לְעֵ֣ד לְעֵֽד׃ לָעַ֖ד לעד לעד׃ עֵ֑ד עֵ֔ד עֵ֖ד עֵ֚ד עֵ֛ד עֵ֣ד עֵ֥ד עֵ֧ד עֵ֨ד עֵֽדֵי־ עֵֽדֵיהֶם֙ עֵֽד־ עֵֽד׃ עֵדִ֑י עֵדִ֑ים עֵדִ֔ים עֵדִ֖ים עֵדִ֗ים עֵדִ֤ים עֵדִ֥ים עֵדִֽים׃ עֵדִים֒ עֵדֵ֣י עֵדֶ֨יךָ ׀ עֵדַ֛י עֵדַי֙ עֵדָ֑י עֵד־ עד עד־ עד׃ עדי עדיהם עדיך עדים עדים׃ עדיש־ ‘ê·ḏay ‘ê·ḏāy ‘ê·ḏê ‘ê·ḏê·hem ‘ê·ḏe·ḵā ‘ê·ḏê·še- ‘ê·ḏî ‘ê·ḏîm ‘êḏ ‘êḏ- ‘êḏay ‘êḏāy ‘êḏê ‘êḏêhem ‘êḏeḵā ‘êḏêše- ‘êḏî ‘êḏîm ed eDai eDei eDeicha edeiHem edeiShe eDi eDim hā‘êḏ hā‘êḏîm hā·‘ê·ḏîm hā·‘êḏ haEd haeDim lā‘aḏ lā·‘aḏ laAd lə‘êḏ lə·‘êḏ leEd ū·lə·‘êḏ ūlə‘êḏ uleEd vaEd veEd veedeiHem wā‘êḏ wā·‘êḏ wə‘êḏ wə‘êḏêhem wə·‘ê·ḏê·hem wə·‘êḏ Links Interlinear Greek • Interlinear Hebrew • Strong's Numbers • Englishman's Greek Concordance • Englishman's Hebrew Concordance • Parallel Texts Englishman's Concordance Genesis 31:44 HEB: וָאָ֑תָּה וְהָיָ֥ה לְעֵ֖ד בֵּינִ֥י וּבֵינֶֽךָ׃ NAS: a covenant, you and I, and let it be a witness between KJV: a covenant, I and thou; and let it be for a witness between me and thee. INT: you it be a witness between between Genesis 31:48 HEB: הַגַּ֨ל הַזֶּ֥ה עֵ֛ד בֵּינִ֥י וּבֵינְךָ֖ NAS: heap is a witness between KJV: This heap [is] a witness between me and thee this day. INT: heap This witness between between Genesis 31:50 HEB: רְאֵ֕ה אֱלֹהִ֥ים עֵ֖ד בֵּינִ֥י וּבֵינֶֽךָ׃ NAS: God is witness between KJV: God [is] witness betwixt me and thee. INT: see God is witness between between Genesis 31:52 HEB: עֵ֚ד הַגַּ֣ל הַזֶּ֔ה NAS: heap is a witness, and the pillar KJV: This heap [be] witness, and [this] pillar INT: witness heap This Exodus 20:16 HEB: תַעֲנֶ֥ה בְרֵעֲךָ֖ עֵ֥ד שָֽׁקֶר׃ ס NAS: false witness against your neighbor. KJV: false witness against thy neighbour. INT: bear your neighbor witness false. Exodus 22:13 HEB: יִטָּרֵ֖ף יְבִאֵ֣הוּ עֵ֑ד הַטְּרֵפָ֖ה לֹ֥א NAS: let him bring it as evidence; he shall not make restitution KJV: [then] let him bring it [for] witness, [and] he shall not make good INT: to pieces bring evidence what shall not Exodus 23:1 HEB: רָשָׁ֔ע לִהְיֹ֖ת עֵ֥ד חָמָֽס׃ ס NAS: to be a malicious witness. KJV: to be an unrighteous witness. INT: A wicked become witness malicious Leviticus 5:1 HEB: אָלָ֔ה וְה֣וּא עֵ֔ד א֥וֹ רָאָ֖ה NAS: adjuration [to testify] when he is a witness, whether KJV: of swearing, and [is] a witness, whether INT: adjuration he witness whether has seen Numbers 5:13 HEB: וְהִ֣יא נִטְמָ֑אָה וְעֵד֙ אֵ֣ין בָּ֔הּ NAS: and there is no witness against her and she has not been caught KJV: and she be defiled, and [there be] no witness against her, neither she be taken INT: herself has defiled witness and there herself Numbers 35:30 HEB: נֶ֔פֶשׁ לְפִ֣י עֵדִ֔ים יִרְצַ֖ח אֶת־ NAS: at the evidence of witnesses, but no KJV: by the mouth of witnesses: but one INT: A person the evidence of witnesses the murderer shall be put Numbers 35:30 HEB: אֶת־ הָרֹצֵ֑חַ וְעֵ֣ד אֶחָ֔ד לֹא־ NAS: on the testimony of one witness. KJV: but one witness shall not testify INT: the murderer shall be put witness of one no Deuteronomy 5:20 HEB: תַעֲנֶ֥ה בְרֵֽעֲךָ֖ עֵ֥ד שָֽׁוְא׃ ס NAS: false witness against your neighbor. KJV: false witness against thy neighbour. INT: bear your neighbor witness false. Deuteronomy 17:6 HEB: פִּ֣י ׀ שְׁנַ֣יִם עֵדִ֗ים א֛וֹ שְׁלֹשָׁ֥ה NAS: of two witnesses or KJV: of two witnesses, or three INT: the evidence of two witnesses or three Deuteronomy 17:6 HEB: א֛וֹ שְׁלֹשָׁ֥ה עֵדִ֖ים יוּמַ֣ת הַמֵּ֑ת NAS: three witnesses, he who is to die KJV: or three witnesses, shall he that is worthy of death INT: or three witnesses die shall be put Deuteronomy 17:6 HEB: עַל־ פִּ֖י עֵ֥ד אֶחָֽד׃ NAS: on the evidence of one witness. KJV: of one witness he shall not be put to death. INT: on the evidence witness of one Deuteronomy 17:7 HEB: יַ֣ד הָעֵדִ֞ים תִּֽהְיֶה־ בּ֤וֹ NAS: The hand of the witnesses shall be first KJV: The hands of the witnesses shall be first INT: the hand of the witnesses become shall be first Deuteronomy 19:15 HEB: לֹֽא־ יָקוּם֩ עֵ֨ד אֶחָ֜ד בְּאִ֗ישׁ NAS: A single witness shall not rise KJV: One witness shall not rise up INT: shall not rise witness A single A man Deuteronomy 19:15 HEB: פִּ֣י ׀ שְׁנֵ֣י עֵדִ֗ים א֛וֹ עַל־ NAS: three witnesses a matter KJV: of two witnesses, or at the mouth INT: the evidence of two witnesses or on Deuteronomy 19:15 HEB: פִּ֥י שְׁלֹשָֽׁה־ עֵדִ֖ים יָק֥וּם דָּבָֽר׃ KJV: of three witnesses, shall the matter INT: the evidence three witnesses shall be confirmed A matter Deuteronomy 19:16 HEB: כִּֽי־ יָק֥וּם עֵד־ חָמָ֖ס בְּאִ֑ישׁ NAS: a malicious witness rises KJV: If a false witness rise up INT: If rises witness A malicious A man Deuteronomy 19:18 HEB: הֵיטֵ֑ב וְהִנֵּ֤ה עֵֽד־ שֶׁ֙קֶר֙ הָעֵ֔ד NAS: and if the witness is a FALSE KJV: inquisition: and, behold, [if] the witness [be] a false INT: thoroughly and if the witness false. witness Deuteronomy 19:18 HEB: עֵֽד־ שֶׁ֙קֶר֙ הָעֵ֔ד שֶׁ֖קֶר עָנָ֥ה NAS: is a FALSE witness [and] he has accused KJV: [be] a false witness, [and] hath testified INT: the witness false. witness falsely has accused Deuteronomy 31:19 HEB: הַשִּׁירָ֥ה הַזֹּ֛את לְעֵ֖ד בִּבְנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ NAS: song may be a witness for Me against the sons KJV: that this song may be a witness for me against the children INT: song may be a witness the sons of Israel Deuteronomy 31:21 HEB: הַזֹּ֤את לְפָנָיו֙ לְעֵ֔ד כִּ֛י לֹ֥א NAS: before them as a witness (for it shall not be forgotten KJV: against them as a witness; for it shall not be forgotten INT: likewise before A witness when not Deuteronomy 31:26 HEB: שָׁ֥ם בְּךָ֖ לְעֵֽד׃ NAS: there as a witness against you. KJV: your God, that it may be there for a witness against thee. INT: may remain there A witness 70 Occurrences Strong's Hebrew 5707 70 Occurrences ‘êḏ — 29 Occ. ‘ê·ḏay — 3 Occ. ‘ê·ḏê — 1 Occ. ‘ê·ḏe·ḵā — 1 Occ. ‘ê·ḏê·hem — 1 Occ. ‘ê·ḏê·še- — 1 Occ. ‘ê·ḏî — 1 Occ. ‘ê·ḏîm — 14 Occ. hā·‘êḏ — 1 Occ. hā·‘ê·ḏîm — 2 Occ. lā·‘aḏ — 1 Occ. lə·‘êḏ — 7 Occ. ū·lə·‘êḏ — 1 Occ. wā·‘êḏ — 1 Occ. wə·‘êḏ — 5 Occ. wə·‘ê·ḏê·hem — 1 Occ.