◄ 3140. martureó ►
Strong's Lexicon martureó: To bear witness, testify, give evidence, affirm that one has seen, heard, or experienced something. Original Word: μαρτυρέω Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: martureó Pronunciation: mar-too-reh'-o Phonetic Spelling: (mar-too-reh'-o) Definition: I witness, bear witness, give evidence, testify, give a good report. Meaning: To bear witness, testify, give evidence, or affirm that one has seen, heard, or experienced something. It can also mean to confirm or attest to the truth of a matter. Word Origin: Derived from the Greek word μάρτυς (martys), meaning "witness." Corresponding Greek / Hebrew Entries: • H5707 עֵד (ed): Meaning "witness" or "testimony." • H5749 עוּד (ud): Meaning "to bear witness" or "to testify." • H5713 עֵדוּת (edut): Meaning "testimony" or "witness." These Hebrew terms share a similar semantic range with μαρτυρέω, emphasizing the role of testimony and witness in both the Old and New Testaments. The continuity of this concept underscores the importance of faithful witness in the biblical narrative. Usage: The verb μαρτυρέω is used in the New Testament to describe the act of bearing witness or testifying, often in a legal or formal context. It is frequently used in relation to the testimony about Jesus Christ, His works, and His divine nature. Context: The term μαρτυρέω appears numerous times in the New Testament, emphasizing the importance of testimony in the Christian faith. It is used in various contexts, including: • Testimony of John the Baptist: John the Baptist is described as one who came to bear witness to the light, referring to Jesus Christ. "He came as a witness to testify about the Light, so that through him everyone might believe" (John 1:7, BSB). • Jesus' Testimony: Jesus Himself uses the term to describe His own testimony about His identity and mission. "Even if I testify about Myself, My testimony is valid, because I know where I came from and where I am going" (John 8:14, BSB). • Apostolic Witness: The apostles are often depicted as witnesses to the resurrection and the works of Jesus. "You will be My witnesses in Jerusalem, and in all Judea and Samaria, and to the ends of the earth" (Acts 1:8, BSB). • Legal and Judicial Contexts: The term is also used in legal contexts, where individuals are called to testify or bear witness in a court setting. "Do not entertain an accusation against an elder, except on the testimony of two or three witnesses" (1 Timothy 5:19, BSB). The concept of bearing witness is central to the Christian message, as it involves proclaiming the truth of the Gospel and the reality of Jesus Christ's life, death, and resurrection. The act of testifying is not merely a recounting of events but is often portrayed as a divinely inspired proclamation empowered by the Holy Spirit. NAS Exhaustive Concordance Word Origin from martus Definition to bear witness, testify NASB Translation add...testimony (1), attested (1), bear...witness (1), bear witness (1), continued to testify (1), gained approval (2), given (1), gives (1), good reputation (1), having a reputation (1), obtained the testimony (1), obtained the witness (1), received a good testimony (1), speaking well (1), testified (17), testifies (7), testify (25), testifying (5), testimony (5), well spoken (3), witness (1), witnessed (2), witnesses (1). Thayer's Greek Lexicon STRONGS NT 3140: μαρτυρέω μαρτυρέω, μαρτυρῶ; imperfect 3 person plural ἐμαρτύρουν; future μαρτυρήσω; 1 aorist ἐμαρτύρησα; perfect μεμαρτύρηκα; passive, present μαρτυροῦμαι; imperfect ἐμαρτυρουμην; perfect μεμαρτύρημαι; 1 aorist ἐμαρτυρήθην; from (Simonides, Pindar), Aeschylus, Herodotus down; to be a witness, to bear witness, testify, i. e. "to affirm that one has seen or heard or experienced something, or that (so in the N. T.) he knows it because taught by divine revelation or inspiration" (sometimes in the N. T. the apostles are said μαρτυρεῖν, as those wire had been eye-witnesses and ear-witnesses of the extraordinary sayings, deeds and sufferings of Jesus, which proved his Messiahship; so too Paul, as one to whom the risen Christ had visibly appeared; cf. John 15:27; John 19:35; John 21:24; Acts 23:11; 1 Corinthians 15:15; 1 John 1:2, cf. Acts 1:22; Acts 2:32; Acts 3:15; Acts 4:33; Acts 5:32; Acts 10:39, 41; Acts 13:31; Acts 26:16; (cf. Westcott (Speaker's) commentary on John, Introduction, p. 45f)); a. in general; absolutely, to give (not to keep back) testimony: John 15:27; Acts 26:5; followed by ὅτι recitative and the orat. direct., John 4:39; also preceded by λέγων, John 1:32; μαρτυρεῖν εἰς with an accusative of the place into (unto) which the testimony (concerning Christ) is borne, Acts 23:11 (see εἰς, A. I. 5 b.); μαρτυρῶ, inserted parenthetically (Winer's Grammar, § 62, 2), 2 Corinthians 8:3; equivalent to to prove or confirm by testimony, 1 John 5:6f; used of Jesus, predicting what actually befell him, John 13:21; of God, who himself testifies in the Scriptures that a thing is so (viz. as the author declares), followed by the recitative ὅτι, Hebrews 7:17 R. μαρτυρεῖται followed by περί with the genitive of a person, to bear witness concerning one: John 1:7f; περί τοῦ ἀνθρώπου, concerning man, i. e. to tell what one has himself learned about the nature, character, conduct, of men, John 2:25 (see ἄνθρωπος, 1 a.); περί τίνος, followed by direct discourse, John 1:15; the Scriptures are said to testify περί Ἰησοῦ, i. e. to declare things which make it evident that he was truly sent by God, John 5:39; God is said to do the same — through the Scriptures, John 5:37, cf. John 8:18; through the expiation wrought by the baptism and death of Christ, and the Holy Spirit giving souls assurance of this expiation, 1 John 5:6-9; so John the Baptist, as being a 'prophet', John 5:32; so the works which he himself did, John 5:36 (there followed by ὅτι); John 10:25; so the Holy Spirit, John 15:26; the apostles, John 15:27; so Christ himself περί ἑαυτοῦ, John 5:31; John 8:13f, 18. περί with the genitive of the thing, John 21:24; περί τοῦ κακοῦ, to bring forward evidence to prove τό κακόν, John 18:23. with the accusative of a cognate noun, μαρτυρίαν μαρτυρεῖν περί with a genitive of the person, John 5:32; 1 John 5:9 Rec.; 1 John 5:10 (τήν αὐτήν μαρτυρίαν, μαρτυρεῖν, Plato, Eryx., p. 399 b.; τήν μαρτυρίαν αὐτοῦ ἥν τῇ ἀρετή μαρτυρεῖ, Epictetus diss. 4, 8, 32 (cf. Winers Grammar, 225 (211); Buttmann, 148 (129))); with an accusative of the thing, to testify a thing, bear witness to (of) anything: John 3:11, 32; supply αὐτό in John 19:35; τίνι τί, 1 John 1:2; ὅς ἐμαρτύρησε ... Χριστοῦ, who has borne witness of (viz., in this book, i. e. the Apocalypse) what God has spoken and Jesus Christ testified (namely, concerning future events; see λόγος, I. 2 b. ἐ.), Revelation 1:2; ὁ μαρτύρων ταῦτα he that testifieth these things i. e. has caused them to be testified by the prophet, his messenger, Revelation 22:20; μαρτυρῆσαι ὑμῖν ταῦτα ἐπί (L Tr marginal reading WH marginal reading ἐν) ταῖς ἐκκλησίαις, to cause these things to be testified to you in the churches or for, on account of, the churches, Revelation 22:16 — unless ἐπί be dropped from the text and the passage translated, to you, viz. the (seven) churches (of Asia Minor), the prophet reverting again to Revelation 1:4; cf. DeWette, Bleek, Düsterdieck, ad loc.; (others, retaining ἐπί, render it over, concerning, cf. Revelation 10:11; Winers Grammar, 393 (368) c.; see ἐπί, B. 2 f. β. at the end). of testimony borne not in word but by deed, in the phrase used of Christ μαρτυρεῖν τήν καλήν ὁμολογίαν, to witness the good confession, to attest the truth of the (Christian) profession by his sufferings and death, 1 Timothy 6:13, where cf. Hofmann. Passive: Romans 3:21 (a righteousness such as the Scriptures testify that God ascribes to believers, cf. Romans 4:3). μεμαρτύρηκα followed by ὅτι that, John 1:34 (cf. Winer's Grammar, 273 (256)); (John 4:44); (here Rst Tr text WH ὅτε); 1 John 4:14; περί with the genitive of a person followed by ὅτι, John 5:36; John 7:7; κατά τίνος, against (so Winers Grammar, 382 (357), Meyer, others; yet see κατά, I. 2 b.) one, followed by ὅτι, 1 Corinthians 15:15. with a dative of the thing i. e. for the benefit of, in the interests of, a thing (cf. Buttmann, § 133, 11): τῇ ἀλήθεια, John 5:33; John 18:37; σου τῇ ἀλήθεια (see ἀλήθεια, II.), to bear witness unto thy truth, how great it is, 3 John 1:3, 6; used of the testimony which is given in deeds to promote some object: τῷ λόγῳ, Acts 14:3 (T prefixes ἐπί); with a dative (of a thing) incommodi: μαρτυρεῖτε (T Tr WH μάρτυρες ἐστε) τοῖς ἔργοις τῶν πατέρων, by what ye are doing ye add to the deeds of your fathers a testimony which proves that those things were done by them, Luke 11:48. with a dative of the person: to declare to one by testimony (by suggestion, instruction), Hebrews 10:15; followed by direct discourse, Revelation 22:18 G L T Tr WH; to testify to one what he wishes one to testify concerning him: Acts 22:5; followed by ὅτι, Matthew 23:31; John 3:28; Romans 10:2; Galatians 4:15; Colossians 4:13; followed by an accusative with an infinitive Acts 10:43; to give testimony in one's favor, to commend (Winers Grammar, § 31, 4 b.; Buttmann, as above): John 3:26; Acts 13:22; Acts 15:8; passive μαρτυροῦμαι witness is borne to me, it is witnessed of me (Winers Grammar, § 39, 1; Buttmann, § 134, 4): followed by ὅτι, Hebrews 7:8; followed by ὅτι recitative and direct discourse, Hebrews 7:17 L T Tr WH; followed by an infinitive belonging to the subject, Hebrews 11:4f. b. emphatically; to utter honorable testimony, give a good report: with a dative of the person, Luke 4:22; ἐπί τίνι, on account of, for a thing, Hebrews 11:4 (here L Tr read μαρτυροῦντος ἐπί κτλ. τῷ Θεῷ (but see the commentaries)); μεμαρτύρηται τίνι ὑπό τίνος, 3 John 1:12; passive μαρτυροῦμαι "to be borne (good) witness to, to be well reported of, to hate (good) testimony borne to one, accredited, attested, of good report, approved": Acts 6:3 (Clement of Rome, 1 Cor. 17, 1f [ET]; 18, 1 [ET]; 19, 1 [ET]; 47, 4 [ET]); followed by ἐν with a dative of the thing in which the commmended excellence appears, 1 Timothy 5:10; Hebrews 11:2 (ἐπί τίνι, for a thing, Athen. 1, p. 25 f.; (yet cf. Winer's Grammar, 387 (362) note)); διά τίνος, to have (honorable) testimony borne to one through (by) a thing, Hebrews 11:39; ὑπό with the genitive of the person giving honorable testimony, Acts 10:22; Acts 16:2; Acts 22:12 (Clement of Rome, 1 Cor. 38, 2 [ET]; 44, 3 [ET]; Ignatius ad Philad. c. 5, 2 [ET] cf. 11, 1 [ET] and ad Eph. 12, 2 [ET]; Antoninus 7, 62); with the dative of the person testifying (equivalent to ὑπό τίνος), Acts 26:22 R G. c. middle, according to a false reading, to conjure, implore: 1 Thessalonians 2:12 (11), where T Tr WH have rightly restored μαρτυρόμενοι. (Compare: ἐπιμαρτυρέω, συνεπιμαρτυρέω, καταμαρτυρέω, συμμαρτυρέω.) Strong's Exhaustive Concordance to bear witness, testify From martus; to be a witness, i.e. Testify (literally or figuratively) -- charge, give (evidence), bear record, have (obtain, of) good (honest) report, be well reported of, testify, give (have) testimony, (be, bear, give, obtain) witness. see GREEK martus Forms and Transliterations Εμαρτυρει εμαρτύρει Ἐμαρτύρει εμαρτυρειτο εμαρτυρείτο ἐμαρτυρεῖτο εμαρτυρηθη εμαρτυρήθη ἐμαρτυρήθη εμαρτυρηθησαν εμαρτυρήθησαν ἐμαρτυρήθησαν εμαρτυρησαμεν εμαρτυρήσαμεν ἐμαρτυρήσαμεν εμαρτυρησάμην εμαρτυρησαν εμαρτύρησάν ἐμαρτύρησάν εμαρτύρησε εμαρτυρησεν εμαρτύρησεν ἐμαρτύρησεν εμαρτυρουν εμαρτύρουν ἐμαρτύρουν μαρτυρει μαρτυρεί μαρτυρεῖ μαρτυρειν μαρτυρείν μαρτυρεῖν μαρτυρεις μαρτυρείς μαρτυρεῖς μαρτυρειται μαρτυρεῖται μαρτυρειτε μαρτυρείτε μαρτυρεῖτε μαρτυρηθεντες μαρτυρηθέντες μαρτυρησαι μαρτυρήσαι μαρτυρῆσαι μαρτυρησαντος μαρτυρήσαντος μαρτυρησας μαρτυρήσας μαρτυρησει μαρτυρήσει μαρτυρηση μαρτυρήση μαρτυρήσῃ μαρτυρησον μαρτύρησον μαρτυρησω μαρτυρήσω μαρτυρίας μαρτυρουμεν μαρτυρούμεν μαρτυροῦμεν μαρτυρουμενη μαρτυρουμένη μαρτυρουμενος μαρτυρούμενος μαρτυρούμενός μαρτυρουμενους μαρτυρουμένους μαρτυρουν μαρτυρούν μαρτυροῦν μαρτυρουντες μαρτυρούντες μαρτυροῦντες μαρτυρουντι μαρτυρούντι μαρτυροῦντι μαρτυρουντος μαρτυρούντος μαρτυροῦντος μαρτυρουντων μαρτυρούντων μαρτυρούσα μαρτυρουσαι μαρτυρούσαι μαρτυροῦσαι μαρτυρουσης μαρτυρούσης μαρτυρουσιν μαρτυρούσιν μαρτυροῦσιν μαρτυρω μαρτυρώ μαρτυρῶ μαρτυρων μαρτυρών μαρτυρῶν μαρτύρων μεμαρτυρηκα μεμαρτύρηκα μεμαρτυρηκας μεμαρτύρηκας μεμαρτυρηκε μεμαρτύρηκε μεμαρτύρηκεν μεμαρτυρηται μεμαρτύρηται Emarturei emartureito emarturesamen emarturēsamen emarturesan emarturēsan emarturesen emarturēsen emarturethe emarturēthē emarturethesan emarturēthēsan emarturoun Emartyrei Emartýrei emartyreito emartyreîto emartyresamen emartyrēsamen emartyrḗsamen emartyresan emartyrēsan emartýresán emartýrēsán emartyresen emartyrēsen emartýresen emartýrēsen emartyrethe emartyrēthē emartyrḗthe emartyrḗthē emartyrethesan emartyrēthēsan emartyrḗthesan emartyrḗthēsan emartyroun emartýroun marturei marturein martureis martureitai martureite marturesai marturēsai marturesantos marturēsantos marturesas marturēsas marturese marturēsē marturesei marturēsei martureso marturēsō martureson marturēson marturethentes marturēthentes marturo marturō marturon marturōn marturoumen marturoumene marturoumenē marturoumenos marturoumenous marturoun marturountes marturounti marturounton marturountōn marturountos marturousai marturouses marturousēs marturousin martyrei martyreî martyrein martyreîn martyreis martyreîs martyreitai martyreîtai martyreite martyreîte martyresai martyrêsai martyrēsai martyrē̂sai martyresantos martyrēsantos martyrḗsantos martyresas martyrēsas martyrḗsas martyrese martyrēsē martyresei martyrēsei martyrḗsei martyrḗsēi martyreso martyrēsō martyrḗso martyrḗsō martyreson martyrēson martýreson martýrēson martyrethentes martyrethéntes martyrēthentes martyrēthéntes martyro martyrô martyrō martyrō̂ martyron martyrôn martyrōn martyrō̂n martyroumen martyroûmen martyroumene martyroumenē martyrouméne martyrouménē martyroumenos martyroúmenos martyroúmenós martyroumenous martyrouménous martyroun martyroûn martyrountes martyroûntes martyrounti martyroûnti martyrounton martyrountōn martyroúnton martyroúntōn martyrountos martyroûntos martyrousai martyroûsai martyrouses martyrousēs martyroúses martyroúsēs martyrousin martyroûsin memartureka memarturēka memarturekas memarturēkas memartureken memarturēken memarturetai memarturētai memartyreka memartyrēka memartýreka memartýrēka memartyrekas memartyrēkas memartýrekas memartýrēkas memartyreken memartyrēken memartýreken memartýrēken memartyretai memartyrētai memartýretai memartýrētai Links Interlinear Greek • Interlinear Hebrew • Strong's Numbers • Englishman's Greek Concordance • Englishman's Hebrew Concordance • Parallel Texts Englishman's Concordance Matthew 23:31 V-PIA-2P GRK: ὥστε μαρτυρεῖτε ἑαυτοῖς ὅτι NAS: So you testify against yourselves, KJV: Wherefore ye be witnesses unto yourselves, INT: So that you bear witness to yourselves that Luke 4:22 V-IIA-3P GRK: καὶ πάντες ἐμαρτύρουν αὐτῷ καὶ NAS: And all were speaking well of Him, and wondering KJV: bare him witness, and wondered INT: And all bore witness to him and John 1:7 V-ASA-3S GRK: μαρτυρίαν ἵνα μαρτυρήσῃ περὶ τοῦ NAS: as a witness, to testify about KJV: to bear witness of INT: a witness that he might testify concerning the John 1:8 V-ASA-3S GRK: ἀλλ' ἵνα μαρτυρήσῃ περὶ τοῦ NAS: He was not the Light, but [he came] to testify about KJV: [was sent] to bear witness of INT: but that he might witness concerning the John 1:15 V-PIA-3S GRK: Ἰωάννης μαρτυρεῖ περὶ αὐτοῦ NAS: John testified about Him and cried KJV: John bare witness of him, INT: John witnesses concerning him John 1:32 V-AIA-3S GRK: Καὶ ἐμαρτύρησεν Ἰωάννης λέγων NAS: John testified saying, I have seen KJV: And John bare record, saying, INT: And bore witness John saying John 1:34 V-RIA-1S GRK: ἑώρακα καὶ μεμαρτύρηκα ὅτι οὗτός NAS: have seen, and have testified that this KJV: saw, and bare record that this INT: have seen and have borne witness that this John 2:25 V-ASA-3S GRK: ἵνα τις μαρτυρήσῃ περὶ τοῦ NAS: anyone to testify concerning KJV: that any should testify of man: INT: that any should testify concerning the John 3:11 V-PIA-1P GRK: ὃ ἑωράκαμεν μαρτυροῦμεν καὶ τὴν NAS: we know and testify of what KJV: and testify that INT: that which we have seen we bear witness of and the John 3:26 V-RIA-2S GRK: ᾧ σὺ μεμαρτύρηκας ἴδε οὗτος NAS: to whom you have testified, behold, KJV: thou barest witness, behold, INT: to whom you have borne witness behold he John 3:28 V-PIA-2P GRK: ὑμεῖς μοι μαρτυρεῖτε ὅτι εἶπον NAS: You yourselves are my witnesses that I said, KJV: bear me witness, that I said, INT: you to me bear witness that I said John 3:32 V-PIA-3S GRK: ἤκουσεν τοῦτο μαρτυρεῖ καὶ τὴν NAS: and heard, of that He testifies; and no one KJV: heard, that he testifieth; and no man INT: heard this he testifies but the John 4:39 V-PPA-GFS GRK: τῆς γυναικὸς μαρτυρούσης ὅτι Εἶπέν NAS: of the woman who testified, He told KJV: of the woman, which testified, INT: of the woman testifying He told John 4:44 V-AIA-3S GRK: γὰρ Ἰησοῦς ἐμαρτύρησεν ὅτι προφήτης NAS: Himself testified that a prophet KJV: himself testified, that INT: indeed Jesus testified that a prophet John 5:31 V-PSA-1S GRK: Ἐὰν ἐγὼ μαρτυρῶ περὶ ἐμαυτοῦ NAS: If I [alone] testify about Myself, KJV: If I bear witness of myself, INT: If I bear witness concerning myself John 5:32 V-PPA-NMS GRK: ἐστὶν ὁ μαρτυρῶν περὶ ἐμοῦ NAS: There is another who testifies of Me, and I know KJV: another that beareth witness of INT: it is who bears witness concerning me John 5:32 V-PIA-3S GRK: μαρτυρία ἣν μαρτυρεῖ περὶ ἐμοῦ NAS: which He gives about KJV: the witness which he witnesseth of me INT: witness which he witnesses concerning me John 5:33 V-RIA-3S GRK: Ἰωάννην καὶ μεμαρτύρηκεν τῇ ἀληθείᾳ NAS: to John, and he has testified to the truth. KJV: and he bare witness unto the truth. INT: John and he has borne witness to the truth John 5:36 V-PIA-3S GRK: ἃ ποιῶ μαρτυρεῖ περὶ ἐμοῦ NAS: that I do-- testify about KJV: I do, bear witness of me, INT: which I do bear witness concerning me John 5:37 V-RIA-3S GRK: πατὴρ ἐκεῖνος μεμαρτύρηκεν περὶ ἐμοῦ NAS: who sent Me, He has testified of Me. You have neither KJV: me, hath borne witness of INT: [the] Father himself has borne witness concerning me John 5:39 V-PPA-NFP GRK: εἰσιν αἱ μαρτυροῦσαι περὶ ἐμοῦ NAS: it is these that testify about KJV: they are they which testify of me. INT: are they which bear witness concerning me John 7:7 V-PIA-1S GRK: ὅτι ἐγὼ μαρτυρῶ περὶ αὐτοῦ NAS: Me because I testify of it, that its deeds KJV: because I testify of it, INT: because I bear witness concerning it John 8:13 V-PIA-2S GRK: περὶ σεαυτοῦ μαρτυρεῖς ἡ μαρτυρία NAS: said to Him, You are testifying about KJV: Thou bearest record of INT: concerning yourself bear witness the testimony John 8:14 V-PSA-1S GRK: Κἂν ἐγὼ μαρτυρῶ περὶ ἐμαυτοῦ NAS: to them, Even if I testify about KJV: Though I bear record of myself, INT: Even if I bear witness concerning myself John 8:18 V-PPA-NMS GRK: εἰμι ὁ μαρτυρῶν περὶ ἐμαυτοῦ NAS: I am He who testifies about Myself, KJV: I am one that bear witness of myself, INT: am [one] who bears witness concerning myself Strong's Greek 3140 76 Occurrences ἐμαρτυρήσαμεν — 1 Occ. ἐμαρτύρησάν — 1 Occ. ἐμαρτύρησεν — 5 Occ. ἐμαρτυρήθη — 1 Occ. ἐμαρτυρήθησαν — 1 Occ. Ἐμαρτύρει — 1 Occ. ἐμαρτυρεῖτο — 1 Occ. ἐμαρτύρουν — 1 Occ. μαρτυρῆσαι — 2 Occ. μαρτυρήσαντος — 1 Occ. μαρτυρήσας — 1 Occ. μαρτυρήσῃ — 3 Occ. μαρτυρήσει — 1 Occ. μαρτυρήσω — 1 Occ. μαρτύρησον — 1 Occ. μαρτυρηθέντες — 1 Occ. μαρτυρεῖ — 8 Occ. μαρτυρεῖν — 1 Occ. μαρτυρεῖς — 1 Occ. μαρτυρεῖται — 1 Occ. μαρτυρεῖτε — 3 Occ. μαρτυρῶ — 8 Occ. μαρτυρῶν — 4 Occ. μαρτυροῦμεν — 4 Occ. μαρτυρουμένη — 2 Occ. μαρτυρούμενός — 3 Occ. μαρτυρουμένους — 1 Occ. μαρτυροῦν — 1 Occ. μαρτυροῦντες — 1 Occ. μαρτυροῦντι — 1 Occ. μαρτυρούντων — 1 Occ. μαρτυροῦντος — 1 Occ. μαρτυροῦσαι — 1 Occ. μαρτυρούσης — 1 Occ. μαρτυροῦσιν — 1 Occ. μεμαρτύρηκα — 1 Occ. μεμαρτύρηκας — 1 Occ. μεμαρτύρηκεν — 5 Occ. μεμαρτύρηται — 2 Occ.