◄ 1161. de ►
Strong's Lexicon de: but, and, now, moreover Original Word: δέ Part of Speech: Conjunction Transliteration: de Pronunciation: deh Phonetic Spelling: (deh) Definition: but, and, now, moreover Meaning: a weak adversative particle, generally placed second in its clause; but, on the other hand, and. Word Origin: A primary particle Corresponding Greek / Hebrew Entries: While "δέ" is a Greek particle, its function can be compared to Hebrew conjunctions like וְ (vav, Strong's H2053) which also serves to connect clauses, often translated as "and" or "but." Usage: The Greek conjunction "δέ" is a versatile particle used to connect clauses or sentences, often translated as "but," "and," "now," or "moreover" in English. It serves to contrast, continue, or introduce a new thought or idea. Its usage is context-dependent, providing a smooth transition between ideas or emphasizing a shift in narrative or argument. Cultural and Historical Background: In Koine Greek, the language of the New Testament, conjunctions like "δέ" were essential for the flow of discourse. Greek rhetoric and writing often relied on such particles to structure arguments, narratives, and teachings. The use of "δέ" reflects the Greek preference for nuanced and connected discourse, which was crucial in both oral and written communication in the ancient world. HELPS Word-studies 1161 dé (a conjunction) – moreover, indeed now . . . , on top of this . . . , next . . . NAS Exhaustive Concordance Word Origin a prim. word Definition but, and, now, (a connective or adversative particle) NASB Translation after (2), also (2), another* (8), even (4), even though (1), former* (1), however (6), moreover (1), moreover* (1), nevertheless (1), now (267), or (6), other (1), other hand (4), others* (3), partly (1), rather (1), so (12), suppose* (1), then (6), therefore (1), though (1), what (1), when (3), whereas (2), yes (1), yet (25). Thayer's Greek Lexicon STRONGS NT 1161: δέ δέ (related to δή, as μέν to μήν, cf. Klotz ad Devar. ii. 2, p. 355), a particle adversative, distinctive, disjunctive, but, moreover (Winers Grammar, § 53, 7 and 10, 2); it is much more frequent in the historical parts of the N. T. than in the other books, very rare in the Epistles of John and the Apocalypse. (On its general neglect of elision (when the next word begins with a vowel) cf. Tdf. Proleg., p. 96; WHs Appendix, p. 146; Winers Grammar, § 5, 1a.; Buttmann, p. 10f) It is used: 1. universally, by way of opposition and distinction; it is added to statements opposed to a preceding statement: ἐάν ὀφθαλμός κτλ. Matthew 6:23; ἐλεύσονται δέ ἡμέραι, Mark 2:20; it opposes persons to persons or things previously mentioned or thought of — either with strong emphasis: ἐγώ δέ, Matthew 5:22, 28, 32, 34, 39, 44; ἡμεῖς δέ, 1 Corinthians 1:23; 2 Corinthians 10:13; σύ δέ, Matthew 6:6; ὑμεῖς δέ, Mark 8:29; οἱ δέ υἱοί τῆς βασιλείας, Matthew 8:12; αἱ ἀλώπεκες ... ὁ δέ υἱός τοῦ ἀνθρώπου Matthew 8:20; Luke 9:58; πᾶς ὁ λαός ... οἱ δέ φαρισαῖοι, Luke 7:29f; ὁ δέ πνευματικός, 1 Corinthians 2:15, and often; — or with a slight discrimination, ὁ δέ, αὐτός δέ: Mark 1:45; Mark 5:34; Mark 6:37; Mark 7:6; Matthew 13:29, 37, 52; Matthew 15:23ff; Luke 4:40, 43; Luke 5:16; Luke 6:8; Luke 8:10, 54; Luke 15:29; οἱ δέ, Matthew 2:5; Mark 3:4; Mark 8:28, etc., etc.; with the addition also of a proper name, as ὁ δέ Ἰησοῦς: Matthew 8:22 (Tdf. omits Ἰησοῦς); (R G Tr brackets); (Tdf. omits Ἰησοῦς); ; Mark 1:41 (R G L marginal reading Tr marginal reading); ἀποκροκριθεις δέ (ὁ) Σίμων, Luke 7:43 R G L brackets; ἡ δέ Μαρία, Luke 2:19, etc. 2. μέν ... δέ, see μέν. 3. after negative sentences, but, but rather (German wohl aber): Matthew 6:19f (μή θησαυρίζετε ... θησαυρίζετε δέ); f; Acts 12:9, 14; Romans 3:4; Romans 4:5; 1 Corinthians 1:10; 1 Corinthians 7:37; 1 Thessalonians 5:21 (not Rec.); Ephesians 4:14; Hebrews 2:5; Hebrews 4:13, 15; Hebrews 9:12; Hebrews 10:26; Hebrews 12:13; 1 Peter 1:12 (οὐχ ἑαυτοῖς ὑμῖν (Rec. ἡμῖν) δέ); James 1:13; James 2:11. 4. it is joined to terms which are repeated with a certain emphasis, and with such additions as tend to explain and establish them more exactly; in this use of the particle we may supply a suppressed negative clause and give its force in English by inserting I say, and that, so then, etc.): Romans 3:21f (not that common δικαιοσύνη which the Jews boasted of and strove after, but δικαιοσυνεσς ... διά πίστεως); Romans 9:30; 1 Corinthians 2:6 (σοφίαν δέ οὐ τοῦ αἰῶνος τούτου); Galatians 2:2 (I went up, not of my own accord, but etc.); Philippians 2:8; cf. Klotz ad Dev. ii. 2, p. 361f; L. Dindorf in Stephanus Thesaurus ii. col. 928; (cf. Winer's Grammar, 443 (412)). 5. it serves to mark a transition to something new (δέ metabatic); by this use of the particle, the new addition is distinguished from and, as it were, opposed to what goes before: Matthew 1:18; Matthew 2:19; Matthew 10:21; Luke 12:13; Luke 13:1; John 7:14, 37; Acts 6:1; Romans 8:28; 1 Corinthians 7:1; 1 Corinthians 8:1, etc., etc.; so also in the phrase ἐγένετο δέ, see γίνομαι, 2 c. 6. it introduces explanations and separates them from the things to be explained: John 3:19; John 6:39; 1 Corinthians 1:12; 1 Corinthians 7:6, 29; Ephesians 5:32, etc.; — especially remarks and explanations intercalated into the discourse, or added, as it were, by way of appendix: Mark 5:13 (ἦσαν δέ etc. R L brackets); (R G); John 6:10; John 9:14; John 12:3; τοῦτο δέ γέγονε, Matthew 1:22; Matthew 21:4. Owing to this use, the particle not infrequently came to be confounded in the manuscripts (of secular writings also) with γάρ; cf. Winer on Galatians 1:11; Fritzsche on Mark 14:2; also his Commentary on Romans, vol. i., pp. 234, 265; ii., p. 476; iii., p. 196; (Winers Grammar, 452 (421); Buttmann, 363 (312)). 7. after a parenthesis or an explanation which had led away from the subject under discussion, it serves to take up the discourse again (cf. Winer's Grammar, 443 (412)): Matthew 3:4; Luke 4:1; Romans 5:8; 2 Corinthians 2:12; 2 Corinthians 5:8; 2 Corinthians 10:2; Ephesians 2:4; cf. Klotz ad Devar. ii. 2, p. 376f. 8. it introduces the apodosis and, as it were, opposes it to the protasis: Acts 11:17 R G (1 Macc. 14:29; 2 Macc. 1:34); after a participial construction which has the force of a protasis: Colossians 1:22 (21); cf. Matthiae 2:1470; Kühner, 2:818; (Jelf, § 770); Klotz as above, p. 370f; (Buttmann, 364 (312)). 9. καί ... δέ, but ... also, yea and, moreover also: Matthew 10:18; Matthew 16:18; Luke 2:35 (WH text omits; L Tr brackets δέ); John 6:51; John 15:27; Acts 3:24; Acts 22:29; Romans 11:23; 2 Timothy 3:12; 1 John 1:3; 2 Peter 1:5; cf. Klotz as above, p. 645f; Buttmann, 364 (312); (also Winer's Grammar, 443 (413); Ellicott on 1 Timothy 3:10; Meyer on John 6:51). ἐάν δέ yea even if: John 8:16. 10. δέ never stands as the first word in the sentence, but generally second; and when the words to which it is added cannot be separated, it stands third (as in Matthew 10:11; Matthew 18:25; Mark 4:34; Luke 10:31; Acts 17:6; Acts 28:6; Galatians 3:23; 2 Timothy 3:8, etc.; in οὐ μόνον δέ, Romans 5:3, 11, etc.), or even in the fourth place, Matthew 10:18; John 6:51; John 8:16; 1 John 1:3; 1 Corinthians 4:18; (Luke 22:69 L T Tr WH). Strong's Exhaustive Concordance also, and, but, moreover, now. A primary particle (adversative or continuative); but, and, etc. -- also, and, but, moreover, now (often unexpressed in English). Forms and Transliterations δ δ' ΔΕ δέ δὲ δι' καὶ τε d d' DE dé dè kai kaì te Links Interlinear Greek • Interlinear Hebrew • Strong's Numbers • Englishman's Greek Concordance • Englishman's Hebrew Concordance • Parallel Texts Englishman's Concordance Matthew 1:2 Conj GRK: Ἰσαάκ Ἰσαὰκ δὲ ἐγέννησεν τὸν KJV: begat Isaac; and Isaac begat INT: Issac Isaac moreover was father of Matthew 1:2 Conj GRK: Ἰακώβ Ἰακὼβ δὲ ἐγέννησεν τὸν KJV: begat Jacob; and Jacob begat INT: Jacob Jacob moreover was father of Matthew 1:3 Conj GRK: Ἰούδας δὲ ἐγέννησεν τὸν KJV: And Judas begat INT: Judah moreover was father of Matthew 1:3 Conj GRK: Θάμαρ Φαρὲς δὲ ἐγέννησεν τὸν KJV: of Thamar; and Phares begat INT: Tamar Perez moreover was father of Matthew 1:3 Conj GRK: Ἑσρώμ Ἑσρὼμ δὲ ἐγέννησεν τὸν KJV: begat Esrom; and Esrom begat INT: Hezron Hezron moreover was father of Matthew 1:4 Conj GRK: Ἀρὰμ δὲ ἐγέννησεν τὸν KJV: And Aram begat INT: Ram moreover was father of Matthew 1:4 Conj GRK: Ἀμιναδάβ Ἀμιναδὰβ δὲ ἐγέννησεν τὸν KJV: begat Aminadab; and Aminadab begat INT: Amminadab Amminadab moreover was father of Matthew 1:4 Conj GRK: Ναασσών Ναασσὼν δὲ ἐγέννησεν τὸν KJV: begat Naasson; and Naasson begat INT: Nahshon Nahshon moreover was father of Matthew 1:5 Conj GRK: Σαλμὼν δὲ ἐγέννησεν τὸν KJV: And Salmon begat INT: Salmon moreover was father of Matthew 1:5 Conj GRK: Ῥαχάβ Βοὲς δὲ ἐγέννησεν τὸν KJV: of Rachab; and Booz begat INT: Rahab Boaz moreover was father of Matthew 1:5 Conj GRK: Ῥούθ Ἰωβὴδ δὲ ἐγέννησεν τὸν KJV: of Ruth; and Obed begat INT: Ruth Obed moreover was father of Matthew 1:6 Conj GRK: Ἰεσσαὶ δὲ ἐγέννησεν τὸν KJV: And Jesse begat INT: Jesse moreover was father of Matthew 1:6 Conj GRK: βασιλέα Δαυὶδ δὲ ἐγέννησεν τὸν KJV: David the king; and David the king INT: king David moreover was father of Matthew 1:7 Conj GRK: Σολομὼν δὲ ἐγέννησεν τὸν KJV: And Solomon begat INT: Solomon moreover was father of Matthew 1:7 Conj GRK: Ῥοβοάμ Ῥοβοὰμ δὲ ἐγέννησεν τὸν KJV: begat Roboam; and Roboam begat INT: Rehoboam Rehoboam moreover was father of Matthew 1:7 Conj GRK: Ἀβιά Ἀβιὰ δὲ ἐγέννησεν τὸν KJV: begat Abia; and Abia begat INT: Abijah Abijah moreover was father of Matthew 1:8 Conj GRK: Ἀσὰφ δὲ ἐγέννησεν τὸν KJV: And Asa begat INT: Asa moreover was father of Matthew 1:8 Conj GRK: Ἰωσαφάτ Ἰωσαφὰτ δὲ ἐγέννησεν τὸν KJV: begat Josaphat; and Josaphat begat INT: Jehoshaphat Jehoshaphat moreover was father of Matthew 1:8 Conj GRK: Ἰωράμ Ἰωρὰμ δὲ ἐγέννησεν τὸν KJV: begat Joram; and Joram begat INT: Joram Joram moreover was father of Matthew 1:9 Conj GRK: Ὀζίας δὲ ἐγέννησεν τὸν KJV: And Ozias begat INT: Uzziah moreover was father of Matthew 1:9 Conj GRK: Ἰωαθάμ Ἰωαθὰμ δὲ ἐγέννησεν τὸν KJV: begat Joatham; and Joatham begat INT: Jotham Jotham moreover was father of Matthew 1:9 Conj GRK: Ἀχάζ Ἀχὰζ δὲ ἐγέννησεν τὸν KJV: begat Achaz; and Achaz begat INT: Ahaz Ahaz moreover was father of Matthew 1:10 Conj GRK: Ἑζεκίας δὲ ἐγέννησεν τὸν KJV: And Ezekias begat INT: Hezekiah moreover was father of Matthew 1:10 Conj GRK: Μανασσῆ Μανασσῆς δὲ ἐγέννησεν τὸν KJV: begat Manasses; and Manasses begat INT: Manasseh Manasseh moreover was father of Matthew 1:10 Conj GRK: Ἀμώς Ἀμὼς δὲ ἐγέννησεν τὸν KJV: begat Amon; and Amon begat INT: Amos Amos moreover was father of Strong's Greek 1161 2810 Occurrences δ' — 24 Occ. δὲ — 2786 Occ.