◄ 2372. thumos ►
Strong's Lexicon thumos: Wrath, anger, passion, fierceness, indignation Original Word: θυμός Part of Speech: Noun, Masculine Transliteration: thumos Pronunciation: thoo-mos' Phonetic Spelling: (thoo-mos') Definition: Wrath, anger, passion, fierceness, indignation Meaning: an outburst of passion, wrath. Word Origin: Derived from the Greek verb θύω (thuo), meaning "to rush" or "to breathe hard." Corresponding Greek / Hebrew Entries: The Hebrew equivalent often associated with "thumos" is חֵמָה (chemah), which also denotes wrath or fierce anger. Examples include: - Proverbs 15:18 (BSB): "A hot-tempered (chemah) man stirs up strife, but he who is slow to anger calms a dispute." - Isaiah 13:9 (BSB): "Behold, the day of the LORD is coming—cruel, with fury and burning anger (chemah)—to make the earth a desolation and to destroy the sinners within it." Usage: In the New Testament, "thumos" is often used to describe a passionate, intense form of anger or wrath. It conveys a sense of boiling agitation or a sudden outburst of emotion. This term is frequently associated with divine wrath or human anger that is intense and often destructive. It is distinct from "orge," another Greek word for anger, which implies a more settled or abiding state of mind. Cultural and Historical Background: In ancient Greek culture, "thumos" was understood as a powerful force within the human psyche, often linked to the soul's spirited part. It was seen as a driving force behind courage and action but also as a potential source of destructive rage if not controlled. In the context of the New Testament, "thumos" reflects the intense emotions that can lead to sin if not tempered by the Holy Spirit. HELPS Word-studies 2372 thymós (from thyō, "rush along, getting heated up, breathing violently," cf. J. Thayer) – properly, passion-driven behavior, i.e. actions emerging out of strong impulses (intense emotion). When 2372 /thymós ("expressed passion") is used of people it indicates rage (personal venting of anger, worth). This flaw is completely absent of the Lord expressing (inspiring) intense anger. Accordingly, 2372 (thymós) is used of God's perfect, holy wrath in Revelation (Rev 14:10,19,15:1, etc.). This anger is directed against sin with intense opposition and without sin. [Only the Lord exercises righteous wrath, so we must depend solely on Him as we experience (express) anger.] NAS Exhaustive Concordance Word Origin from the same as thuella Definition passion NASB Translation angry tempers (1), fierce (2), indignation (1), outbursts of anger (1), passion (2), rage (2), wrath (9). Thayer's Greek Lexicon STRONGS NT 2372: θυμός θυμός, θυμοῦ, ὁ (from θύω to rush along or on, be in a heat, breathe violently; hence, Plato correctly says, Cratyl., p. 419 e., θυμός ἀπό τῆς θυσεως καί ζεσεως τῆς ψυχῆς; accordingly it signifies both the spirit panting as it were in the body, and the rage with which the man pants and swells) (from Homer down), the Sept. often for אַף anger, and חֵמָה excandescentia; also for חָרון aestus. In the N. T.: 1. passion, angry heat (excandescentia, Cicero, Tusc. 4, 9, 21), anger forthwith boiling up and soon subsiding again (ὀργή, on the other hand, denotes indignation which has arisen gradually and become more settled; (cf. (Plato) deff. 415 e. θυμός. ὁρμή βίαιος ἄνευ λογισμοῦ. νόσος τάξεως ψυχῆς ἀλογιστου. ὀργή. παράκλησις τοῦ θυμικου εἰς τό τιμωρεῖσθαι, Gregory of Nazianzus, carm. 34 θυμός μέν ἐστιν ἀθρως ζεσις φρενος, ὀργή δέ θυμός ἐμμένων, Hermas, mand. 5, 2, 4 [ET] ἐκ δέ τῆς πικρίας θυμός, ἐκ δέ τοῦ θυμοῦ ὀργή; cf. Aristotle, rhet. 2, 2, 1 and Cope's note); hence, we read in Sir. 48:10 κοπάσαι ὀργήν πρό θυμοῦ, before it glows and bursts forth; (see further, on the distinction between the two words, Trench, § xxxvii., and especially Schmidt vol. iii., chapter 142)): Luke 4:28; Acts 19:28; Ephesians 4:31; Colossians 3:8; Hebrews 11:27; ὁ θυμοῦ τοῦ Θεοῦ, Revelation 14:19; Revelation 15:1, 7; Revelation 16:1; ἔχειν θυμόν, to be in a passion, Revelation 12:12 (Aelian v. h. 1, 14); ὀργή καί θυμός (as the Sept. Micah 5:15; Isocrates, p. 249 c.; Herodian, 8, 4, 1; others): Romans 2:8 (Rec. in the inverse order; so Deuteronomy 9:19; Deuteronomy 29:23, 28 (cf. Trench, as above)); plural θυμοί impulses and outbursts of anger (Winers Grammar, 176 (166); Buttmann, 77 (67)): 2 Corinthians 12:20; Galatians 5:20 (2 Macc. 4:25, 38 2Macc. 9:7 2Macc. 10:35 2Macc. 14:45; 4 Macc. 18:20; Wis. 10:3; Sophocles Aj. 718 (where see Lob.); Plato, Protag., p. 323 e.; (Phileb., p. 40 e.; Aristotle, rhet. 2, 13, 13); Polybius 3, 10, 5; Diodorus 13, 28; Josephus, b. j. 4, 5, 2; Plutarch, Cor. 1; others). 2. glow, ardor: ὁ οἶνος τοῦ θυμοῦ (see οἶνος, b.) the wine of passion, inflaming wine, German Glutwein (which either drives the drinker mad or kills him with its deadly heat; cf. Isaiah 51:17, 22; Jeremiah 32:1 (ff): Revelation 14:8; Revelation 18:3; with τοῦ Θεοῦ added, which God gives the drinker, Revelation 14:10; with τῆς ὀργῆς τοῦ Θεοῦ added (A. V. fierceness), Revelation 16:19; Revelation 19:15; cf. Ewald, Johann. Schriften, Bd. ii., p. 269 note. Strong's Exhaustive Concordance fierceness, indignation, wrath. From thuo; passion (as if breathing hard) -- fierceness, indignation, wrath. Compare psuche. see GREEK thuo see GREEK psuche Forms and Transliterations θυμοι θυμοί θυμον θυμόν θυμὸν θυμος θυμός θυμὸς θυμου θυμού θυμοῦ θυμόυ θυμώ thumoi thumon thumos thumou thymoi thymoí thymon thymón thymòn thymos thymós thymòs thymou thymoû Links Interlinear Greek • Interlinear Hebrew • Strong's Numbers • Englishman's Greek Concordance • Englishman's Hebrew Concordance • Parallel Texts Englishman's Concordance Luke 4:28 N-GMS GRK: ἐπλήσθησαν πάντες θυμοῦ ἐν τῇ NAS: were filled with rage as they heard KJV: these things, were filled with wrath, INT: were filled all with anger in the Acts 19:28 N-GMS GRK: γενόμενοι πλήρεις θυμοῦ ἔκραζον λέγοντες NAS: [this] and were filled with rage, they [began] crying KJV: full of wrath, and INT: having become full of anger they cried out saying Romans 2:8 N-NMS GRK: ὀργὴ καὶ θυμός NAS: wrath and indignation. KJV: unrighteousness, indignation and INT: wrath and anger 2 Corinthians 12:20 N-NMP GRK: ἔρις ζῆλος θυμοί ἐριθείαι καταλαλιαί NAS: jealousy, angry tempers, disputes, KJV: envyings, wraths, strifes, INT: quarrels jealousies anger contentions slander Galatians 5:20 N-NMP GRK: ἔρις ζῆλος θυμοί ἐριθείαι διχοστασίαι NAS: jealousy, outbursts of anger, disputes, KJV: emulations, wrath, strife, INT: strife jealousy fits of rage contentions dissentions Ephesians 4:31 N-NMS GRK: πικρία καὶ θυμὸς καὶ ὀργὴ NAS: bitterness and wrath and anger KJV: bitterness, and wrath, and anger, INT: bitterness and anger and wrath Colossians 3:8 N-AMS GRK: πάντα ὀργήν θυμόν κακίαν βλασφημίαν NAS: aside: anger, wrath, malice, slander, KJV: anger, wrath, malice, INT: all [these] things anger rage malice slander Hebrews 11:27 N-AMS GRK: φοβηθεὶς τὸν θυμὸν τοῦ βασιλέως NAS: not fearing the wrath of the king; KJV: not fearing the wrath of the king: for INT: having feared the anger of the king Revelation 12:12 N-AMS GRK: ὑμᾶς ἔχων θυμὸν μέγαν εἰδὼς NAS: great wrath, knowing KJV: great wrath, because he knoweth INT: you having fury great knowing Revelation 14:8 N-GMS GRK: οἴνου τοῦ θυμοῦ τῆς πορνείας NAS: of the wine of the passion of her immorality. KJV: the wine of the wrath of her INT: wine of the fury of the immorality Revelation 14:10 N-GMS GRK: οἴνου τοῦ θυμοῦ τοῦ θεοῦ NAS: of the wine of the wrath of God, KJV: of the wine of the wrath of God, which INT: wine of the fury of God Revelation 14:19 N-GMS GRK: ληνὸν τοῦ θυμοῦ τοῦ θεοῦ NAS: wine press of the wrath of God. KJV: winepress of the wrath of God. INT: wine-press of the wrath of God Revelation 15:1 N-NMS GRK: ἐτελέσθη ὁ θυμὸς τοῦ θεοῦ NAS: because in them the wrath of God KJV: them is filled up the wrath of God. INT: was completed the wrath of God Revelation 15:7 N-GMS GRK: γεμούσας τοῦ θυμοῦ τοῦ θεοῦ NAS: full of the wrath of God, KJV: vials full of the wrath of God, who INT: full of the wrath of God Revelation 16:1 N-GMS GRK: φιάλας τοῦ θυμοῦ τοῦ θεοῦ NAS: the seven bowls of the wrath of God. KJV: the vials of the wrath of God INT: bowls of the fury of God Revelation 16:19 N-GMS GRK: οἴνου τοῦ θυμοῦ τῆς ὀργῆς NAS: of the wine of His fierce wrath. KJV: of the wine of the fierceness of his INT: wine of the fury the wrath Revelation 18:3 N-GMS GRK: οἴνου τοῦ θυμοῦ τῆς πορνείας NAS: of the wine of the passion of her immorality, KJV: the wine of the wrath of her INT: wine of the fury of the sexual immorality Revelation 19:15 N-GMS GRK: οἴνου τοῦ θυμοῦ τῆς ὀργῆς NAS: press of the fierce wrath KJV: the winepress of the fierceness and INT: wine of the fury of the wrath Strong's Greek 2372 18 Occurrences θυμοί — 2 Occ. θυμόν — 3 Occ. θυμός — 3 Occ. θυμοῦ — 10 Occ.