◄ 2588. kardia ►
Strong's Lexicon kardia: Heart Original Word: καρδία Part of Speech: Noun, Feminine Transliteration: kardia Pronunciation: kar-DEE-ah Phonetic Spelling: (kar-dee'-ah) Definition: Heart Meaning: lit: the heart; mind, character, inner self, will, intention, center. Word Origin: Derived from a primary root word Corresponding Greek / Hebrew Entries: - H3820 (לֵב, leb): Heart, inner man, mind, will - H3824 (לֵבָב, lebab): Heart, understanding, inner part Usage: In the New Testament, "kardia" is used metaphorically to refer to the inner self, encompassing the mind, will, emotions, and moral center of a person. It is not limited to the physical organ but represents the core of human identity and spiritual life. The heart is seen as the seat of thought, emotion, and decision-making, reflecting one's true character and intentions. Cultural and Historical Background: In ancient Greek culture, the heart was considered the center of physical and spiritual life. This understanding was carried into the Jewish and early Christian contexts, where the heart was seen as the locus of moral and spiritual activity. The heart was believed to be the place where God communicates with humans, and where faith and understanding reside. HELPS Word-studies 2588 kardía – heart; "the affective center of our being" and the capacity of moral preference (volitional desire, choice; see P. Hughs, 2 Cor, 354); "desire-producer that makes us tick" (G. Archer), i.e our "desire-decisions" that establish who we really are. [Heart (2588 /kardía) is mentioned over 800 times in Scripture, but never referring to the literal physical pump that drives the blood. That is, "heart" is only used figuratively (both in the OT and NT.] NAS Exhaustive Concordance Word Origin a prim. word Definition heart NASB Translation heart (102), heart's (1), hearts (49), mind (2), minds (1), quick (1), spirit (1). Thayer's Greek Lexicon STRONGS NT 2588: καρδία καρδία, καρδίας, ἡ, poetic κραδία and καρδιη (in the latter form almost always in Homer (only at the beginning of a line in three places; everywhere else by metathesis κραδιη; Ebeling, Lex. Homer, under the word)) (from a root signifying to quiver or palpitate; cf. Cartius § 39; Vanicek, p. 1097 (Etym. Magn. 491, 56 παρά τό κραδαίνω, τό σείω. ἀεικινητος γάρ ἡ καρδία); allied with Latincor; English heart); the Sept. for לֵב and לֵבָב; the heart; 1. properly, that organ in the animal body which is the center of the circulation of the blood, and hence, was regarded as the seat of physical life: 2 Samuel 18:14; 2 Kings 9:24; Tobit 6:5 (4), 7f (6f), 17 (16). Hence, 2. universally, καρδία denotes the seat and center of all physical and spiritual life; and a. the vigor and sense of physical life (Psalm 101:5 (); στήρισον τήν καρδίαν σου ψωμῷ ἄρτου, Judges 19:5; to which add Psalm 103:15 ()): τρέφειν τάς καρδίας, James 5:5; ἐμπιπλῶν τάς καρδίας τροφῆς, Acts 14:17; βάρειν τῆς καρδίας κραιπάλῃ καί μέθη, Luke 21:34; (but see b. δ. below); b. the center and seat of spiritual life, "the soul or mind, as it is the fountain and seat of the thoughts, passions, desires, appetites, affections, purposes, endeavors" (so in English heart, inner man, etc.); α. universally: Matthew 5:8; Matthew 6:21; Mark 7:19; Luke 1:51; Luke 2:51; Luke 8:12, 15; Acts 5:3; Romans 10:9; 1 Corinthians 14:25; 2 Corinthians 6:11; Ephesians 6:5; Colossians 3:22; 1 Peter 3:4, etc.; plural: Matthew 9:4; Mark 2:6, 8; Mark 4:16 (R L text Tr marginal reading); Luke 1:17; Luke 2:35; Luke 5:22; (Luke 24:38 R G L marginal reading; Acts 7:51 L T Tr WH text); Romans 2:15; Romans 16:18; 2 Corinthians 3:2; Galatians 4:6; Philippians 4:7; Ephesians 5:19 Lachmann; Hebrews 8:10 (T WH marginal reading singular); Hebrews 10:16, etc. ἡ καρδία is distinguished from τό στόμα or from τά χειλεα: Matthew 15:8, 18; Mark 7:6; 2 Corinthians 6:11; Romans 10:8f; from τό πρόσωπον: 2 Corinthians 5:12; 1 Thessalonians 2:17; περιτομή καρδίας, Romans 2:29; ἀπερίτμητοι τῇ καρδία, Acts 7:51 (L T Tr WH text καρδίαις, WH marginal reading genitive καρδίας, cf. Buttmann, 170 (148)). of things done from the heart i. e. cordially or sincerely, truly (without simulation or pretence) the following phrases are used: ἐκ καρδίας (Aristophanes nub. 86), Romans 6:17; and L T Tr WH in 1 Peter 1:22, where R G ἐκ καθαρᾶς καρδίας, as in 1 Timothy 1:5; 2 Timothy 2:22; ἀπό τῶν καρδιῶν, Matthew 18:35 (ἀπό καρδίας εὐχάριστος τοῖς θεοῖς, Antoninus 2, 3); ἐν ὅλῃ τῇ καρδία and ἐξ ὅλης τῆς καρδίας, Matthew 22:37; Mark 12:30, 33; Luke 10:27, and Rec. in Acts 8:37 (Deuteronomy 6:5; Deuteronomy 26:16; Psalm 118:34 ()); μετ' ἀληθινῆς καρδίας, Hebrews 10:22. ἐρευναν τάς καρδίας, Romans 8:27; Revelation 2:23; δοκιμάζειν, 1 Thessalonians 2:4; γινώσκειν, Luke 16:15 (ἐτάζειν, Jeremiah 17:10; Psalm 7:10); διανοίγειν τήν καρδίαν (see διανοίγω, 2), Acts 16:14; ἦν ἡ καρδία καί ἡ ψυχή μία, there was perfect unanimity, agreement of heart and soul, Acts 4:32; τιθέναι τί ἐν τῇ καρδία (בְּלֵב and לֵב עַל שׂוּם, 1 Samuel 21:12; Malachi 2:2; Daniel 1:8; τιθέναι ἐν στηθεσσιν, ἐν φρεσίν, etc., in Homer), to lay a thing up in the heart to be considered more carefully and pondered, Luke 1:66; to fix in the heart i. e. to purpose, plan, to do something, Acts 5:4 (A. V. conceived in thy heart); also εἰς τήν καρδίαν (L T Tr WH ἐν τήν καρδίαν) followed by the infinitive, Luke 21:14; βάλλειν εἰς τήν καρδίαν τίνος, followed by ἵνα, to put into one's mind the design of doing a thing, John 13:2; also διδόναι followed by an infinitive, Revelation 17:17; ἀναβαίνει ἐπί τήν καρδίαν τίνος, followed by an infinitive, the purpose to do a thing comes into the mind, Acts 7:23; ἐν τῇ καρδία joined to verbs of thinking, reflecting upon, doubting, etc.: ἐνθυμεῖσθαι, διαλογίζεσθαι, Matthew 9:4; Mark 2:6, 8; Luke 3:15; Luke 5:22; λέγειν, εἰπεῖν (בְּלִבּו אָמַר), to think, consider with oneself, Matthew 24:48; Luke 12:45; Romans 10:6; Revelation 18:7 (Deuteronomy 8:17; Deuteronomy 9:4); συμβάλλειν, to revolve in mind, Luke 2:19; διακρίνεσθαι, to doubt, Mark 11:23; διαλογισμοί ἀναβαινουσι, of persons in doubt, Luke 24:38 (R G L marginal reading plural); ἀναβαίνει τί ἐπί καρδίαν, the thought of a thing enters the mind, 1 Corinthians 2:9. β. specifically, of the understanding, the faculty and seat of intelligence (often so in Homer also (cf. Nägelsbach, Homer. Theol., p. 319f; Zezschwitz, Profangräcität as above with, pp. 25f, 50); cor domicilium sapientiae, Lactantius, de opif. dei c. 10, cf. Cicero, Tusc. 1, 9; לֵב, 1 Kings 10:2; Job 12:3; Job 17:4, etc.; (cf. Meyer on Ephesians 1:18 and references)): Romans 1:21; 2 Corinthians 4:6; Ephesians 1:18 (Rec. διανοίας); 2 Peter 1:19; συνιέναι τῇ καρδία, Matthew 13:15; Acts 28:27; νόειν τῇ καρδία, John 12:40. of the dullness of a mind incapable of perceiving and understanding divine things the following expressions occur: ἐπαχύνθη ἡ καρδία, Matthew 13:15; Acts 28:27, (from Isaiah 6:10); πωρουν τήν καρδίαν, John 12:40; πεπωρωμένη καρδία, Mark 6:52; Mark 8:17; ἡ πώρωσις τῆς καρδίας, Mark 3:5; Ephesians 4:18; βραδύς τῇ καρδία, slow of heart, Luke 24:25; κάλυμμα ἐπί τήν καρδίαν κεῖται, 2 Corinthians 3:15. γ. of the will and character: ἁγνίζειν καρδίας, James 4:8; καθαρίζειν τάς καρδίας, Acts 15:9 ῥερραντίσμενοι τάς καρδίας, Hebrews 10:22; καρδία εὐθεῖα (cf. Winer's Grammar, 32), Acts 8:21; πονηρά, Hebrews 3:12 (cf. 11. § 132, 24; Winer's Grammar, 194 (183)); ἀμετανόητος, Romans 2:5; γεγυμνασμενη πλεονεξίας, 2 Peter 2:14; στηρίζειν τάς καρδίας, 1 Thessalonians 3:13; βεβαιουν, in passive, Hebrews 13:9; σκληρύνειν, Hebrews 3:8; ἡ ἐπίνοια τῆς καρδίας, Acts 8:22; αἱ βουλαί τῶν καρδιῶν 1 Corinthians 4:5; προαιρεῖσθαι τῇ καρδία, 2 Corinthians 9:7; κρίνειν (to determine) and ἑδραῖος ἐν τῇ καρδία, 1 Corinthians 7:37. δ. "of the soul so far forth as it is affected and stirred in a bad way or good, or of the soul as the seat of the sensibilities, affections, emotions, desires, appetites, passions": ἡ καρδία καιομένη ἦν, of the soul as greatly and peculiarly moved, Luke 24:32; αἱ ἐπιθυμίαι τῶν καρδιῶν, Romans 1:24; στηρίζειν τάς καρδίας, of the cultivation of constancy and endurance, James 5:8. in reference to good-will and love: ἐήξειν τινα ἐν τῇ καρδία, to have one in one's heart, of constant remembrance and steadfast affection, Philippians 1:7 (`te tamen in toto pectore semper habet' Ovid. trist. 5, 4, 24); εἶναι ἐν τῇ καρδία τίνος, to be cherished in one's heart, to be loved by one perpetually and unalterably, 2 Corinthians 7:3; εὐδοκία τῆς καρδίας, Romans 10:1. in reference to joy and pleasure: ηὐφράνθη ἡ καρδία, Acts 2:26 (from Psalm 15:9 ()); χαρήσεται ἡ καρδία, John 16:22; ἀνήρ κατά τήν καρδίαν τοῦ Θεοῦ, i. e. in whom God delights, Acts 13:22; of the pleasure given by food, Acts 14:17 ((Winer's Grammar, 156 (148) note) see 2 a. above). in reference to grief, pain, anguish, etc.: ἡ λύπη πεπλήρωκε τήν καρδίαν, John 16:6; ὀδύνη τῇ καρδία μου, Romans 9:2; ἡ καρδία ταράσσεται, John 14:1, 27; συνοχή καρδίας, 2 Corinthians 2:4; βάρειν τῆς καρδίας μερίμναις βιωτικαῖς, Luke 21:34 (cf. 2 a. above); διαπρίομαι τῇ καρδία, Acts 7:54; συντετριμμένος τήν καρδίαν, Luke 4:18 R L brackets; κατενύγησαν τῇ καρδία, Acts 2:37 (L T Tr WH τήν καρδίαν); συνθρύπτειν τήν καρδίαν, Acts 21:13. ε. of a soul conscious of good or bad deeds (our conscience): 1 John 3:20f (Ecclesiastes 7:22; so לֵבָב, Job 27:6; ἡ καρδία πατασσει τινα, 1 Samuel 24:6; 2 Samuel 24:10). 3. used of the middle or central or inmost part of anything, even though inanimate: τῆς γῆς (which some understand of Hades, others of the sepulchre), Matthew 12:40 (τῆς θαλάσσης, Jonah 2:4 for לֵב; and for the same ἐν μέσῳ θαλάσσης, Exodus 15:8, 19; add Baruch 6: (Epistle Jer.) ; τῆς κλεψυδρας, Aristotle, probl. 16, 8 (others, κώδια)). Cf. Beck, Biblical Seelenlehre, chapter iii. § 20ff, p. 64ff; Delitzsch, Biblical Psychologie (Leipz. 1861) iv. § 12, p. 248ff (also in Herzog 2, vi. 57ff); Oehler in Herzog vi., p. 15ff (also in his O. T. Theol. (edited by Day) § 71); Wittichen in Schenkel iii. 71f. Strong's Exhaustive Concordance the heart, thoughts, feelings Prolonged from a primary kar (Latin cor, "heart"); the heart, i.e. (figuratively) the thoughts or feelings (mind); also (by analogy) the middle -- (+ broken-)heart(-ed). Forms and Transliterations καρδια καρδία καρδίᾳ καρδιαι καρδίαι καρδιαις καρδίαις καρδιαν καρδίαν καρδιας καρδίας καρδιων καρδιών καρδιῶν του kardia kardía kardiai kardíai kardíāi kardiais kardíais kardian kardían kardias kardías kardion kardiôn kardiōn kardiō̂n Links Interlinear Greek • Interlinear Hebrew • Strong's Numbers • Englishman's Greek Concordance • Englishman's Hebrew Concordance • Parallel Texts Englishman's Concordance Matthew 5:8 N-DFS GRK: καθαροὶ τῇ καρδίᾳ ὅτι αὐτοὶ NAS: are the pure in heart, for they shall see KJV: [are] the pure in heart: for INT: pure in heart for they Matthew 5:28 N-DFS GRK: ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ αὐτοῦ NAS: committed adultery with her in his heart. KJV: in his heart. INT: in the heart of him Matthew 6:21 N-NFS GRK: καὶ ἡ καρδία σου NAS: is, there your heart will be also. KJV: will your heart be also. INT: also the heart of you Matthew 9:4 N-DFP GRK: ἐν ταῖς καρδίαις ὑμῶν NAS: are you thinking evil in your hearts? KJV: in your hearts? INT: in the hearts of you Matthew 11:29 N-DFS GRK: ταπεινὸς τῇ καρδίᾳ καὶ εὑρήσετε NAS: and humble in heart, and YOU WILL FIND KJV: and lowly in heart: and ye shall find INT: humble [in] the heart and you will find Matthew 12:34 N-GFS GRK: περισσεύματος τῆς καρδίας τὸ στόμα NAS: out of that which fills the heart. KJV: the abundance of the heart the mouth INT: abundance of the heart the mouth Matthew 12:40 N-DFS GRK: ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ τῆς γῆς NAS: nights in the heart of the earth. KJV: nights in the heart of the earth. INT: in the heart of the earth Matthew 13:15 N-NFS GRK: γὰρ ἡ καρδία τοῦ λαοῦ NAS: FOR THE HEART OF THIS PEOPLE KJV: people's heart is waxed gross, INT: indeed the heart people Matthew 13:15 N-DFS GRK: καὶ τῇ καρδίᾳ συνῶσιν καὶ NAS: AND UNDERSTAND WITH THEIR HEART AND RETURN, KJV: should understand with [their] heart, and INT: and with the heart they should understand and Matthew 13:19 N-DFS GRK: ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ αὐτοῦ οὗτός NAS: has been sown in his heart. This KJV: in his heart. This is INT: in the heart of him This Matthew 15:8 N-NFS GRK: ἡ δὲ καρδία αὐτῶν πόρρω NAS: ME WITH THEIR LIPS, BUT THEIR HEART IS FAR KJV: but their heart is far INT: with the moreover heart of them far Matthew 15:18 N-GFS GRK: ἐκ τῆς καρδίας ἐξέρχεται κἀκεῖνα NAS: come from the heart, and those KJV: from the heart; and they INT: out of the heart come forth and these Matthew 15:19 N-GFS GRK: γὰρ τῆς καρδίας ἐξέρχονται διαλογισμοὶ NAS: For out of the heart come evil KJV: For out of the heart proceed evil INT: indeed the heart come forth thoughts Matthew 18:35 N-GFP GRK: ἀπὸ τῶν καρδιῶν ὑμῶν NAS: his brother from your heart. KJV: ye from your hearts forgive not INT: from the heart of you Matthew 22:37 N-DFS GRK: ὅλῃ τῇ καρδίᾳ σου καὶ NAS: WITH ALL YOUR HEART, AND WITH ALL KJV: all thy heart, and with INT: all the heart of you and Matthew 24:48 N-DFS GRK: ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ αὐτοῦ Χρονίζει NAS: says in his heart, My master KJV: in his heart, My lord INT: in the heart of him Delays Mark 2:6 N-DFP GRK: ἐν ταῖς καρδίαις αὐτῶν NAS: there and reasoning in their hearts, KJV: in their hearts, INT: in the hearts of them Mark 2:8 N-DFP GRK: ἐν ταῖς καρδίαις ὑμῶν NAS: about these things in your hearts? KJV: in your hearts? INT: in the hearts of you Mark 3:5 N-GFS GRK: πωρώσει τῆς καρδίας αὐτῶν λέγει NAS: at their hardness of heart, He said KJV: of their hearts, he saith INT: hardness of the heart of them he says Mark 6:52 N-NFS GRK: αὐτῶν ἡ καρδία πεπωρωμένη NAS: from the [incident of] the loaves, but their heart was hardened. KJV: for their heart was hardened. INT: of them the heart hardened Mark 7:6 N-NFS GRK: ἡ δὲ καρδία αὐτῶν πόρρω NAS: ME WITH THEIR LIPS, BUT THEIR HEART IS FAR KJV: but their heart is far INT: but [the] heart of them far Mark 7:19 N-AFS GRK: εἰς τὴν καρδίαν ἀλλ' εἰς NAS: it does not go into his heart, but into his stomach, KJV: into his heart, but into INT: into the heart but into Mark 7:21 N-GFS GRK: ἐκ τῆς καρδίας τῶν ἀνθρώπων NAS: For from within, out of the heart of men, KJV: out of the heart of men, INT: out of the heart of men Mark 8:17 N-AFS GRK: ἔχετε τὴν καρδίαν ὑμῶν NAS: Do you have a hardened heart? KJV: have ye your heart yet hardened? INT: have you the heart of you Mark 11:23 N-DFS GRK: ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ αὐτοῦ ἀλλὰ NAS: and does not doubt in his heart, but believes KJV: in his heart, but shall believe INT: in the heart of him but Strong's Greek 2588 158 Occurrences καρδίᾳ — 54 Occ. καρδίαι — 2 Occ. καρδίαις — 21 Occ. καρδίαν — 19 Occ. καρδίας — 58 Occ. καρδιῶν — 4 Occ.