Psalm 78:31
God's anger flared against them, and He put to death their strongest and subdued the young men of Israel.
God's anger flared
This phrase captures the intensity of divine displeasure. The Hebrew root for "anger" here is "אַף" (aph), which often conveys the image of nostrils flaring in anger, a vivid anthropomorphic expression. In the context of Israel's history, this anger is not arbitrary but a response to persistent disobedience and rebellion. God's anger is a reflection of His holiness and justice, reminding us that sin has serious consequences. Historically, this serves as a warning to the Israelites and to us today, emphasizing the importance of obedience and reverence towards God.

against them
The pronoun "them" refers to the Israelites, God's chosen people, who despite witnessing His miracles and receiving His provision, repeatedly turned away from Him. This highlights the covenant relationship between God and Israel, where Israel's unfaithfulness stands in stark contrast to God's faithfulness. The historical context of the wilderness wanderings and the subsequent generations serves as a backdrop, illustrating the recurring cycle of sin, judgment, repentance, and deliverance.

and He put to death
The phrase underscores the severity of God's judgment. The Hebrew verb "מוּת" (muth) means "to die" or "to kill," indicating a decisive action taken by God. This is not merely punitive but serves as a corrective measure intended to bring the people back to a right relationship with Him. It reflects the seriousness with which God views sin and the lengths to which He will go to uphold His righteousness and justice.

their strongest
This term refers to the most capable and robust individuals among the Israelites. The Hebrew word "בַּחוּר" (bachur) often denotes young men in their prime, those who are expected to be the leaders and protectors of the community. The death of these individuals would have been a significant blow to the nation, both practically and morally, serving as a stark reminder of the consequences of turning away from God.

and subdued the young men
The word "subdued" comes from the Hebrew "כָּנַע" (kana), meaning to humble or bring low. This indicates not just a physical defeat but a humbling of spirit. The "young men" represent the future and strength of the nation, and their subduing signifies a loss of potential and hope. This humbling serves as a call to repentance, urging the people to recognize their dependence on God and to return to Him with humility and contrition.

Persons / Places / Events
1. God
The central figure in this verse, whose righteous anger is directed towards the Israelites due to their disobedience and lack of faith.

2. The Israelites
The people of God who are the recipients of His judgment due to their rebellion and ingratitude despite His continuous provision and miracles.

3. The Strongest and Young Men of Israel
These individuals represent the prime and strength of the nation, indicating that God's judgment was severe and affected the most capable among them.

4. The Wilderness
While not directly mentioned in this verse, the context of Psalm 78 refers to the Israelites' journey through the wilderness after their exodus from Egypt, a period marked by repeated disobedience and testing of God.

5. God’s Anger
This event is a manifestation of divine judgment, a recurring theme in the history of Israel when they turned away from God.
Teaching Points
The Consequences of Disobedience
This verse serves as a stark reminder that disobedience to God can lead to severe consequences, even for those who are considered strong and capable.

God’s Righteous Anger
Understanding that God's anger is not arbitrary but a response to sin and rebellion helps us appreciate His holiness and justice.

The Importance of Faithfulness
The Israelites' failure to trust and obey God despite His continuous provision highlights the importance of remaining faithful and grateful.

Learning from History
Reflecting on the past mistakes of the Israelites can guide us in making better choices and avoiding similar pitfalls in our spiritual journey.

God’s Mercy and Justice
While this verse focuses on judgment, it is important to remember that God's actions are always balanced by His mercy, calling us to repentance and restoration.
Bible Study Questions
1. What specific actions or attitudes led to God's anger against the Israelites in this context, and how can we avoid similar pitfalls in our own lives?

2. How does the account of God's judgment in Psalm 78:31 relate to the broader account of Israel's journey in the wilderness?

3. In what ways does the New Testament, particularly Hebrews 3, use the history of Israel to instruct and warn believers today?

4. How can understanding the original Hebrew terms for "anger" and "subdued" deepen our comprehension of God's character and actions in this passage?

5. Reflect on a time when you experienced the consequences of disobedience. How did that experience shape your understanding of God's justice and mercy?
Connections to Other Scriptures
Numbers 11
This chapter provides a detailed account of the Israelites' complaints about manna and their craving for meat, which led to God's anger and the subsequent plague that killed many.

Exodus 32
The incident of the golden calf is another example of Israel's rebellion and God's anger, showing a pattern of disobedience and divine judgment.

Hebrews 3:7-19
This passage reflects on the Israelites' unbelief and disobedience in the wilderness, warning believers to remain faithful and obedient to God.
Whole Psalm: Warnings Against UnbeliefS. Conway Psalm 78:1-72
God's Marvellous DoingsR. Tuck Psalm 78:12, 31
Dissatisfaction with PlentyHomilistPsalm 78:30-31
Kibroth HattaavahHomilistPsalm 78:30-31
People
Asaph, David, Ham, Jacob, Joseph, Psalmist
Places
Jerusalem
Topics
Anger, Bend, Caused, Choice, Chosen, Cutting, Death, Fat, Fattest, Killed, Laid, Low, Lustieth, Ones, Picked, Rose, Slayeth, Slew, Smote, Stoutest, Strongest, Struck, Sturdiest, Subdued, Wrath, Youths
Dictionary of Bible Themes
Psalm 78:31

     5746   youth

Psalm 78:9-41

     8705   apostasy, in OT

Psalm 78:17-31

     4478   meat

Psalm 78:21-33

     8741   failure

Psalm 78:29-31

     4824   famine, spiritual

Psalm 78:31-32

     6194   impenitence, warnings

Library
Memory, Hope, and Effort
'That they might set their hope in God, and not forget the works of God, but keep His commandments.'--PSALM lxxviii. 7. In its original application this verse is simply a statement of God's purpose in giving to Israel the Law, and such a history of deliverance. The intention was that all future generations might remember what He had done, and be encouraged by the remembrance to hope in Him for the future; and by both memory and hope, be impelled to the discharge of present duty. So, then, the words
Alexander Maclaren—Expositions of Holy Scripture

Turning Back in the Day of Battle
I. We will first consider for a little while WHAT THESE MEN DID. They turned their backs. When the time for fighting came they ought to have shown their fronts. Like bold men they should have kept their face to the foe and their breast against the adversary, but they dishonorably turned their backs and fled. This, I am sorry to say, is not an unusual thing amongst professing Christians. They turn back; they turn back in the day of battle. Some do this at the first appearance of difficulty. "There
Charles Haddon Spurgeon—Spurgeon's Sermons Volume 12: 1866

Limiting God
Among such sins of the first table is that described in our text. It is consequently one of the masterpieces of iniquity, and we shall do well to purge ourselves of it. It is full of evil to ourselves, and is calculated to dishonor both God and man, therefore let us be in earnest to cut it up both root and branch. I think we have all been guilty of this in our measure; and we are not free from it even to this day. Whether we be saints or sinners, we may stand here and make our humble confession that
Charles Haddon Spurgeon—Spurgeon's Sermons Volume 5: 1859

Fifteenth Day for Schools and Colleges
WHAT TO PRAY.--For Schools and Colleges "As for Me, this is My covenant with them, saith the Lord: My Spirit that is upon thee, and My words which I have put in thy mouth, shall not depart out of thy mouth, nor out of the mouth of thy seed, nor out of the mouth of thy seed's seed, saith the LoThe future of the Church and the world depends, to an extent we little conceive, on the education of the day. The Church may be seeking to evangelise the heathen, and be giving up her own children to secular
Andrew Murray—The Ministry of Intercession

Fourteenth Day for the Church of the Future
WHAT TO PRAY.--For the Church of the Future "That the children might not be as their fathers, a generation that set not their heart aright, and whose spirit was not steadfast with God."--PS. lxxviii. 8. "I will pour My Spirit upon thy seed, and My blessing upon thy offspring."--ISA. xliv. 3. Pray for the rising generation, who are to come after us. Think of the young men and young women and children of this age, and pray for all the agencies at work among them; that in association and societies
Andrew Murray—The Ministry of Intercession

Centenary Commemoration
OF THE RETURN OF BISHOP SEABURY. 1885 THE RT. REV. SAMUEL SEABURY, D.D. FIRST BISHOP OF CONNECTICUT, HELD HIS FIRST ORDINATION AT MIDDLETOWN, AUGUST 3, 1785. On the ninth day of June, 1885, the Diocesan Convention met in Hartford. Morning Prayer was read in Christ Church at 9 o'clock by the Rev. W. E. Vibbert, D.D., Rector of St. James's Church, Fair Haven, and the Rev. J. E. Heald, Rector of Trinity Church, Tariffville. The Holy Communion was celebrated in St. John's Church, the service beginning
Various—The Sermons And Addresses At The Seabury Centenary

"Thou Shalt Honor Thy Father and Thy Mother. "
From this Commandment we learn that after the excellent works of the first three Commandments there are no better works than to obey and serve all those who are set over us as superiors. For this reason also disobedience is a greater sin than murder, unchastity, theft and dishonesty, and all that these may include. For we can in no better way learn how to distinguish between greater and lesser sins than by noting the order of the Commandments of God, although there are distinctions also within the
Dr. Martin Luther—A Treatise on Good Works

Indiscreet Importunity.
"I gave thee a king in mine anger." HOSEA xiii. 11. "Ye know not what ye ask." MATTHEW xx. 22. PSALM lxxviii. 27-31. That God sometimes suffers men to destroy themselves, giving them their own way, although He knows it is ruinous, and even putting into their hands the scorpion they have mistaken for a fish, is an indubitable and alarming fact. Perhaps no form of ruin covers a man with such shame or sinks him to such hopelessness as when he finds that what he has persistently clamoured for and refused
Marcus Dods—How to become like Christ

The Mystery
Of the Woman dwelling in the Wilderness. The woman delivered of a child, when the dragon was overcome, from thenceforth dwelt in the wilderness, by which is figured the state of the Church, liberated from Pagan tyranny, to the time of the seventh trumpet, and the second Advent of Christ, by the type, not of a latent, invisible, but, as it were, an intermediate condition, like that of the lsraelitish Church journeying in the wilderness, from its departure from Egypt, to its entrance into the land
Joseph Mede—A Key to the Apocalypse

The Second Continental Journey.
1827-28. PART I.--GERMANY. After John and Martha Yeardley had visited their friends at home, their minds were directed to the work which they had left uncompleted on the continent of Europe; and, on their return from the Yearly Meeting, they opened this prospect of service before the assembled church to which they belonged. (Diary) 6 mo. 18.--Were at the Monthly Meeting at Highflatts, where we laid our concern before our friends to revisit some parts of Germany and Switzerland, and to visit
John Yeardley—Memoir and Diary of John Yeardley, Minister of the Gospel

The World's Bread
'And the apostles gathered themselves together unto Jesus, and told Him all things, both what they had done, and what they had taught. 31. And He said unto them, Come ye yourselves apart into a desert place, and rest a while: for there were many coming and going, and they had no leisure so much as to eat. 32. And they departed into a desert place by ship privately. 33. And the people saw them departing, and many knew Him, and ran afoot thither out of all cities, and outwent them, and came together
Alexander Maclaren—Expositions of Holy Scripture

Out of the Deep of Loneliness, Failure, and Disappointment.
My heart is smitten down, and withered like grass. I am even as a sparrow that sitteth alone on the housetop--Ps. cii. 4, 6. My lovers and friends hast Thou put away from me, and hid mine acquaintance out of my sight--Ps. lxxviii. 18. I looked on my right hand, and saw there was no man that would know me. I had no place to flee unto, and no man cared for my soul. I cried unto Thee, O Lord, and said, Thou art my Hope. When my spirit was in heaviness, then Thou knewest my path.--Ps. cxlii. 4, 5.
Charles Kingsley—Out of the Deep

The Good Shepherd: a Farewell Sermon
John 10:27-28 -- "My sheep hear my voice, and I know them, and they follow me. And I give unto them eternal life, and they shall never perish, neither shall any pluck them out of my hand." It is a common, and I believe, generally speaking, my dear hearers, a true saying, that bad manners beget good laws. Whether this will hold good in every particular, in respect to the affairs of this world, I am persuaded the observation is very pertinent in respect to the things of another: I mean bad manners,
George Whitefield—Selected Sermons of George Whitefield

Adam and Zaretan, Joshua 3
I suspect a double error in some maps, while they place these two towns in Perea; much more, while they place them at so little a distance. We do not deny, indeed, that the city Adam was in Perea; but Zaretan was not so. Of Adam is mention, Joshua 3:16; where discourse is had of the cutting-off, or cutting in two, the waters of Jordan, that they might afford a passage to Israel; The waters rose up upon a heap afar off in Adam. For the textual reading "In Adam," the marginal hath "From Adam." You
John Lightfoot—From the Talmud and Hebraica

The Eighth Commandment
Thou shalt not steal.' Exod 20: 15. AS the holiness of God sets him against uncleanness, in the command Thou shalt not commit adultery;' so the justice of God sets him against rapine and robbery, in the command, Thou shalt not steal.' The thing forbidden in this commandment, is meddling with another man's property. The civil lawyers define furtum, stealth or theft to be the laying hands unjustly on that which is another's;' the invading another's right. I. The causes of theft. [1] The internal causes
Thomas Watson—The Ten Commandments

"The Sun of Righteousness"
WE SHOULD FEEL QUITE JUSTIFIED in applying the language of the 19th Psalm to our Lord Jesus Christ from the simple fact that he is so frequently compared to the sun; and especially in the passage which we have given you as our second text, wherein he is called "the Sun of Righteousness." But we have a higher justification for such a reading of the passage, for it will be in your memories that, in the 10th chapter of the Epistle to the Romans, the Apostle Paul, slightly altering the words of this
Charles Haddon Spurgeon—Spurgeon's Sermons Volume 17: 1871

A Jealous God
I. Reverently, let us remember that THE LORD IS EXCEEDINGLY JEALOUS OF HIS DEITY. Our text is coupled with the command--"Thou shalt worship no other God." When the law was thundered from Sinai, the second commandment received force from the divine jealousy--"Thou shalt not make unto thee any graven image, or any likeness of anything that is in the heaven above, or that is in the earth beneath, or that is in the water under the earth; Thou shalt not bow down thyself to them, nor serve them: for I
Charles Haddon Spurgeon—Spurgeon's Sermons Volume 9: 1863

Mosaic Cosmogony.
ON the revival of science in the 16th century, some of the earliest conclusions at which philosophers arrived were found to be at variance with popular and long-established belief. The Ptolemaic system of astronomy, which had then full possession of the minds of men, contemplated the whole visible universe from the earth as the immovable centre of things. Copernicus changed the point of view, and placing the beholder in the sun, at once reduced the earth to an inconspicuous globule, a merely subordinate
Frederick Temple—Essays and Reviews: The Education of the World

Privilege and Experience
"And he said unto him, Son, thou art ever with me, and all that I have is thine." --Luke 15:31. The words of the text are familiar to us all. The elder son had complained and said, that though his father had made a feast, and had killed the fatted calf for the prodigal son, he had never given him even a kid that he might make merry with his friends. The answer of the father was: "Son, thou art ever with me, and all that I have is thine." One cannot have a more wonderful revelation of the heart of
Andrew Murray—The Deeper Christian Life

Stones Crying Out
'For the priests which bare the ark stood in the midst of Jordan, until every thing was finished that the Lord commanded Joshua to speak unto the people, according to all that Moses commanded Joshua: and the people hasted and passed over. 11. And it came to pass, when all the people were clean passed over, that the ark of the Lord passed over, and the priests, in the presence of the people. 12. And the children of Reuben, and the children of Gad, and half the tribe of Manasseh, passed over armed
Alexander Maclaren—Expositions of Holy Scripture

The Deaf Stammerer Healed and Four Thousand Fed.
^A Matt. XV. 30-39; ^B Mark VII. 32-VIII. 9. ^b 32 And they bring unto him one that was deaf, and had an impediment in his speech [The man had evidently learned to speak before he lost his hearing. Some think that defective hearing had caused the impediment in his speech, but verse 35 suggests that he was tongue-tied]; and they beseech him to put his hand upon him. 33 And he took him aside from the multitude privately, and put his fingers into his ears, and he spat, and touched his tongue [He separated
J. W. McGarvey—The Four-Fold Gospel

Purity and Peace in the Present Lord
PHILIPPIANS iv. 1-9 Euodia and Syntyche--Conditions to unanimity--Great uses of small occasions--Connexion to the paragraphs--The fortress and the sentinel--A golden chain of truths--Joy in the Lord--Yieldingness--Prayer in everything--Activities of a heart at rest Ver. 1. +So, my brethren beloved and longed for+, missed indeed, at this long distance from you, +my joy and crown+ of victory (stephanos), +thus+, as having such certainties and such aims, with such a Saviour, and looking for such
Handley C. G. Moule—Philippian Studies

The Baptismal Covenant Can be Kept Unbroken. Aim and Responsibility of Parents.
We have gone "to the Law and to the Testimony" to find out what the nature and benefits of Baptism are. We have gathered out of the Word all the principal passages bearing on this subject. We have grouped them together, and studied them side by side. We have noticed that their sense is uniform, clear, and strong. Unless we are willing to throw aside all sound principles of interpretation, we can extract from the words of inspiration only one meaning, and that is that the baptized child is, by virtue
G. H. Gerberding—The Way of Salvation in the Lutheran Church

An Exhortation to Love God
1. An exhortation. Let me earnestly persuade all who bear the name of Christians to become lovers of God. "O love the Lord, all ye his saints" (Psalm xxxi. 23). There are but few that love God: many give Him hypocritical kisses, but few love Him. It is not so easy to love God as most imagine. The affection of love is natural, but the grace is not. Men are by nature haters of God (Rom. i. 30). The wicked would flee from God; they would neither be under His rules, nor within His reach. They fear God,
Thomas Watson—A Divine Cordial

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