Psalm 140:3

They sharpen their tongues like snakes; the venom of vipers is on their lips. Selah

Study Bible

They sharpen their tongues
The imagery of sharpening tongues suggests a deliberate and malicious intent to harm through words. In the Hebrew context, the word "sharpen" (חַדּוּ) conveys the idea of preparing or making ready for attack, much like a warrior would sharpen a sword. This phrase highlights the power of words to wound and destroy, reflecting the biblical understanding that the tongue can be a tool for both blessing and cursing (James 3:8-10). Historically, the psalmist, David, often faced slander and deceit from his enemies, making this metaphor particularly poignant. The sharpening of tongues indicates a premeditated effort to cause harm, emphasizing the need for vigilance and prayer for protection against such verbal assaults.

like snakes
The comparison to snakes evokes the cunning and stealth of these creatures. In the ancient Near Eastern context, snakes were often associated with danger and deceit, as seen in the Genesis account of the serpent in the Garden of Eden (Genesis 3:1). The Hebrew word for snake, נָחָשׁ (nachash), can also imply enchantment or divination, suggesting a sinister and manipulative use of words. This metaphor underscores the deceptive nature of the enemies' speech, which can appear harmless but is ultimately deadly. The psalmist's use of this imagery serves as a warning to be wary of those who use their words to ensnare and deceive.

the venom of vipers
Venom, in this context, symbolizes the destructive and poisonous effect of malicious words. The Hebrew term for venom, חֲמַת (chamat), conveys a sense of fury or wrath, indicating the intense harm that can be inflicted through speech. Vipers, known for their deadly bite, further emphasize the lethal potential of such words. In biblical times, vipers were feared for their quick and often fatal strikes, making them a fitting metaphor for the sudden and devastating impact of slander and lies. This phrase serves as a reminder of the spiritual and emotional damage that can result from unchecked tongues, calling believers to seek God's protection and wisdom in dealing with such threats.

is on their lips
The placement of venom on the lips suggests that the danger is ever-present and ready to be unleashed. In the Hebrew tradition, the lips are often seen as the gateway for expression, and their use here indicates the immediacy and accessibility of the threat. This phrase highlights the ease with which harmful words can be spoken, reinforcing the need for self-control and discernment in speech. The psalmist's observation serves as a cautionary note to guard one's own words and to be mindful of the influence of others' speech.

Selah
The term "Selah" is a pause or interlude, inviting the reader to reflect on the preceding words. While its exact meaning is debated, it is often understood as a call to meditate on the truth and gravity of the message. In the context of this verse, "Selah" encourages the reader to consider the weight of the destructive power of words and the importance of seeking God's intervention and guidance. It serves as a moment to pause and internalize the lesson, prompting a response of prayer and trust in God's protection against the venomous attacks of others.

Persons / Places / Events

1. David
Traditionally attributed as the author of this psalm, David often wrote about his experiences with adversaries and his reliance on God for deliverance.

2. Enemies of David
The psalm speaks to the malicious intent and deceitful speech of those who opposed David, often representing broader themes of evil and unrighteousness.

3. Snakes and Vipers
Symbolic of deceit and danger, these creatures are used metaphorically to describe the harmful and poisonous nature of the enemies' words.

Teaching Points

The Power of Words
Words can be as harmful as physical weapons. We must be mindful of how we speak to and about others.

Guarding Our Speech
As believers, we are called to speak truth and life, avoiding deceit and malice.

Recognizing Spiritual Warfare
The imagery of snakes and vipers reminds us of the spiritual battle we face, where words can be used by the enemy to sow discord and harm.

Seeking God's Protection
Like David, we should seek God's protection and wisdom in dealing with those who use their words to harm.

Reflecting Christ in Our Speech
Our words should reflect the love and truth of Christ, serving as a testimony to our faith.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does the imagery of snakes and vipers in Psalm 140:3 help us understand the nature of deceitful speech?

2. In what ways can we guard our tongues to ensure our words align with biblical teachings?

3. How can we apply the lessons from James 3:8 to our daily interactions with others?

4. What practical steps can we take to seek God's protection against harmful words from others?

5. How can reflecting on Proverbs 12:18 help us use our speech to build others up rather than tear them down?

Connections to Other Scriptures

James 3:8
This verse discusses the untamable nature of the tongue, likening it to a restless evil full of deadly poison, which parallels the imagery in Psalm 140:3.

Romans 3:13
Paul references the deceitful nature of human speech, echoing the imagery of venomous words found in Psalm 140:3.

Proverbs 12:18
This proverb contrasts the reckless words that pierce like swords with the healing tongue of the wise, highlighting the power of speech for harm or good.