Joshua 20:6

He is to stay in that city until he stands trial before the assembly and until the death of the high priest serving at that time. Then the manslayer may return to his own home in the city from which he fled."

Study Bible

He is to remain
This phrase indicates a period of waiting and staying put, which is significant in the context of ancient Israelite society. The Hebrew root here is "yashab," meaning to sit, dwell, or remain. This implies a sense of stability and protection within the city of refuge, where the manslayer finds sanctuary. It reflects God's provision for justice and mercy, allowing time for emotions to settle and for a fair trial to be conducted.

in that city
The "city" refers to one of the designated cities of refuge, as outlined in earlier chapters of Joshua. These cities were strategically located throughout Israel to be accessible to anyone in need. Archaeological findings have identified some of these cities, such as Hebron and Shechem, providing historical context to their existence. The cities served as a physical manifestation of God's justice system, ensuring that even those who committed accidental manslaughter had a place of safety.

until he stands trial
This phrase underscores the importance of due process and justice in the Israelite legal system. The Hebrew word "amad" for "stands" conveys the idea of taking a position or presenting oneself, which in this context means appearing before the congregation for judgment. It highlights the balance between mercy and justice, ensuring that the accused has the opportunity to be heard and judged fairly.

before the assembly
The "assembly" refers to the congregation or community of Israel, often represented by elders or leaders. This communal aspect of justice emphasizes accountability and the collective responsibility of the community to uphold God's laws. It reflects the theocratic nature of Israelite society, where legal matters were intertwined with spiritual and communal life.

and until the death of the high priest
The high priest held a significant role in Israelite society, serving as a mediator between God and the people. His death marked a significant event, symbolizing a form of atonement or release. The Hebrew word "kohen" for priest indicates a role of service and intercession. The death of the high priest provided a reset, allowing the manslayer to return home without fear of retribution, symbolizing the ultimate release and forgiveness found in God's provision.

who is serving at that time
This phrase indicates the specific period during which the high priest serves, emphasizing the temporal nature of his role. The continuity of priestly service ensured that there was always a mediator in place, reflecting the ongoing need for intercession and atonement in the community. It points to the enduring nature of God's provision and the structured order within the Israelite religious system.

Then the manslayer may return
The term "manslayer" refers to someone who has killed another unintentionally. The Hebrew word "rotzeach" is used here, distinguishing between intentional murder and accidental killing. This provision for return signifies restoration and reintegration into the community, highlighting God's mercy and the possibility of redemption.

to his own home
The return to one's "home" signifies restoration to normal life and community. The Hebrew word "bayit" for home conveys a sense of belonging and familial ties. This return is not just physical but also social and spiritual, as the manslayer is reintegrated into the fabric of community life, reflecting God's desire for reconciliation and peace.

in the city from which he fled
This final phrase completes the cycle of refuge and return. The city from which the manslayer fled represents the place of the original incident, and returning there signifies closure and the restoration of relationships. It underscores the theme of justice tempered with mercy, as the manslayer is allowed to resume life without fear of vengeance, embodying the peace and order that God desires for His people.

Persons / Places / Events

1. The Manslayer
An individual who has unintentionally killed someone and seeks refuge in a city of refuge to avoid revenge from the avenger of blood.

2. City of Refuge
Designated cities where those who committed unintentional manslaughter could seek asylum and be protected from the avenger of blood until a fair trial.

3. The Assembly
The group of elders or leaders who would conduct the trial to determine the manslayer's fate.

4. The High Priest
The religious leader whose death marked the end of the manslayer's required stay in the city of refuge, allowing them to return home.

5. The Avenger of Blood
A family member of the deceased who sought to avenge the death, according to ancient customs.

Teaching Points

Justice and Mercy
The cities of refuge illustrate God's balance of justice and mercy. While justice demands accountability, mercy provides protection and a chance for redemption.

The Role of the High Priest
The high priest's death symbolizes a new beginning and freedom for the manslayer, pointing to Christ's role as our eternal High Priest who grants us freedom from sin.

Community Responsibility
The assembly's role in the trial emphasizes the importance of community involvement in justice and reconciliation processes.

The Sanctity of Life
The provision for cities of refuge underscores the value God places on human life and the need for careful discernment in matters of life and death.

Spiritual Refuge in Christ
Just as the manslayer found refuge in the city, believers find spiritual refuge in Christ, who offers protection and hope.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does the concept of a city of refuge reflect God's character in terms of justice and mercy?

2. In what ways does the role of the high priest in Joshua 20:6 foreshadow the work of Jesus Christ as our High Priest?

3. How can the principles of justice and mercy seen in the cities of refuge be applied in our modern justice systems?

4. What does the requirement for the manslayer to stay until the high priest's death teach us about patience and waiting for God's timing?

5. How can we, as a community of believers, ensure that we are providing a place of refuge and support for those seeking forgiveness and restoration?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Numbers 35
Provides detailed instructions about the cities of refuge and the laws concerning manslaughter and murder.

Deuteronomy 19
Reiterates the establishment of cities of refuge and the importance of justice and mercy in these cases.

Hebrews 6
Discusses Jesus as our refuge, drawing a parallel to the cities of refuge as a place of safety and hope.