Isaiah 65:25
The wolf and the lamb will feed together, and the lion will eat straw like the ox, but the food of the serpent will be dust. They will neither harm nor destroy on all My holy mountain," says the LORD.
The wolf and the lamb will feed together
This phrase paints a vivid picture of peace and harmony in the new creation. The Hebrew word for "wolf" (זְאֵב, ze'ev) and "lamb" (כֶּבֶשׂ, keves) are often used in Scripture to symbolize predators and prey, respectively. Historically, these animals are natural enemies, yet here they coexist peacefully. This imagery reflects the transformative power of God's kingdom, where natural hostilities are reconciled. It echoes earlier prophecies, such as Isaiah 11:6, and symbolizes the peace that will characterize the Messianic age.

and the lion will eat straw like the ox
The lion, a symbol of strength and ferocity, eating straw like the ox, signifies a radical change in nature. The Hebrew word for "lion" (אַרְיֵה, aryeh) and "ox" (שׁוֹר, shor) are used to contrast the predator with the domesticated animal. This transformation suggests a return to the Edenic state, where all creatures lived in harmony. It underscores the idea that in God's restored creation, even the fiercest of creatures will adopt a peaceful existence, highlighting the comprehensive scope of God's redemptive plan.

and dust will be the serpent’s food
This phrase recalls the curse in Genesis 3:14, where the serpent is condemned to eat dust. The Hebrew word for "serpent" (נָחָשׁ, nachash) is often associated with deception and sin. In this context, the continuation of the serpent's curse serves as a reminder of God's judgment on sin. It signifies that while peace and restoration are offered to creation, the consequences of sin remain for those who reject God's ways. This serves as a powerful reminder of the ultimate triumph of righteousness over evil.

They will neither harm nor destroy on all My holy mountain
The phrase "My holy mountain" refers to Zion, a symbol of God's presence and kingdom. The Hebrew word for "harm" (רָעַע, ra'a) and "destroy" (שָׁחַת, shachat) emphasize the absence of violence and destruction in God's kingdom. This promise of safety and security is a recurring theme in prophetic literature, symbolizing the peace and protection found in God's presence. It reassures believers of the ultimate fulfillment of God's promises, where His reign will bring about a world free from fear and conflict.

says the LORD
The declaration "says the LORD" (יְהוָה, Yahweh) affirms the certainty and authority of the prophecy. It is a divine assurance that the promised peace and restoration will come to pass. The use of God's covenant name, Yahweh, emphasizes His faithfulness and unchanging nature. This closing statement serves as a powerful reminder that the vision of a restored creation is not merely a hopeful wish but a guaranteed reality, grounded in the character and promises of God.

Persons / Places / Events
1. Wolf and Lamb
Symbolic of natural enemies living in harmony, representing peace and reconciliation.

2. Lion and Ox
Illustrates a transformation in nature, where predators no longer seek prey, symbolizing a new order.

3. Serpent
Represents evil and sin, destined to remain in a state of defeat and humiliation.

4. Holy Mountain
Refers to God's kingdom or reign, a place of divine presence and peace.

5. The LORD
The sovereign God who declares and brings about this new order.
Teaching Points
Peace and Reconciliation
The imagery of natural enemies living in harmony teaches us about the peace that God will ultimately bring. We are called to be peacemakers in our own lives, reflecting God's kingdom values.

Transformation of Nature
The change in the lion's diet symbolizes a profound transformation. As believers, we are called to be transformed by the renewing of our minds, living in a way that reflects God's future kingdom.

Defeat of Evil
The serpent's continued humiliation reminds us of the ultimate defeat of sin and evil. We can live in hope and confidence, knowing that God has already secured victory through Christ.

God's Sovereignty
The declaration by the LORD emphasizes His control over creation and history. Trusting in God's sovereignty allows us to live without fear, knowing He will fulfill His promises.

Hope in God's Kingdom
The vision of peace and harmony points to the hope we have in God's future kingdom. This hope should inspire us to live faithfully and expectantly, participating in God's redemptive work now.
Bible Study Questions
1. How does the imagery of the wolf and the lamb feeding together challenge our understanding of peace and reconciliation in our personal relationships?

2. In what ways can we participate in the transformation of our world, as symbolized by the lion eating straw like the ox?

3. How does the ongoing defeat of the serpent encourage us in our daily battle against sin and evil?

4. What practical steps can we take to trust in God's sovereignty when facing uncertainty or fear?

5. How can the hope of God's future kingdom motivate us to live differently today, and what specific actions can we take to reflect this hope in our communities?
Connections to Other Scriptures
Genesis 3:14-15
The curse on the serpent, which connects to the serpent's food being dust, indicating ongoing defeat.

Isaiah 11:6-9
Similar imagery of peace among animals, pointing to the Messianic age and the restoration of creation.

Revelation 21:1-4
Describes the new heaven and new earth, where God dwells with His people, and there is no more harm or destruction.

Romans 8:19-22
Speaks of creation waiting for liberation from its bondage to decay, aligning with the transformation depicted in Isaiah 65:25.
God Rejoicing is the New CreationIsaiah 65:17-25
New Heavens and a New EarthProf. J. Skinner, D. D.Isaiah 65:17-25
The New CreationE. Johnson Isaiah 65:17-25
The State of the Church During the MillenniumA. Somerville.Isaiah 65:17-25
People
Gad, Isaiah, Jacob
Places
Jerusalem, Sharon, Valley of Achor
Topics
Bullock, Cause, Destroy, Destruction, Dust, Eat, Eateth, Evil, Feed, Grass, Graze, Harm, Holy, Hurt, Lamb, Lion, Meal, Meat, Mountain, Ox, Pain, Says, Serpent, Serpents, Serpent's, Snake's, Straw, Wolf
Dictionary of Bible Themes
Isaiah 65:25

     4516   straw
     4663   lamb
     4666   lion
     4687   snake
     5059   rest, eternal
     5185   stomach
     5511   safety
     8146   renewal, natural order
     9145   Messianic age
     9155   millennium
     9160   new heavens and new earth

Isaiah 65:17-25

     1335   blessing
     5006   human race, destiny
     7125   elect, the

Isaiah 65:20-25

     9140   last days

Isaiah 65:21-25

     5942   security

Library
'The God of the Amen'
'He who blesseth himself in the earth shall bless himself in the God of truth; and he that sweareth in the earth shall swear by the God of truth.'--ISAIAH lxv. 16. The full beauty and significance of these remarkable words are only reached when we attend to the literal rendering of a part of them which is obscured in our version. As they stand in the original they have, in both cases, instead of the vague expression, 'The God of truth,' the singularly picturesque one, 'The God of the Amen.' I. Note
Alexander Maclaren—Expositions of Holy Scripture

God Rejoicing in the New Creation
THIS PASSAGE, like the rest of Isaiah's closing chapters, will have completest fulfillment in the latter days when Christ shall come, when the whole company of his elect ones shall have been gathered out from the world, when the whole creation shall have been renewed, when new heavens and a new earth shall be the product of the Savior's power, when, for ever and for ever, perfected saints of God shall behold his face, and joy and rejoice in him. I hope and believe that the following verses will actually
Charles Haddon Spurgeon—Spurgeon's Sermons Volume 37: 1891

Early Lessons in the Life of Faith
"I love the Lord, because he hath heard my voice and my supplications."--Psalm 116:1. WHEN a very little child, so young I can remember nothing earlier, a severe thunderstorm passed over our home. Terrified, I ran to my mother, who placed my hands together, and pointing upward repeated over and over again the one word "Jesus." More than fifty years have passed since that day, but the impression left upon my child-mind, of a Being invisible but able to hear and help, has never been effaced. *
Rosalind Goforth—How I Know God Answers Prayer

Baptism of Kallihirua
We now come to an important event in the history of Kallihirua; his Baptism, which took place on Advent Sunday, Nov. 27th, 1853, in St. Martin's Church, near Canterbury. "The visitors present on the occasion," said an eye-witness[6], "were, the Rev. John Philip Gell (late Warden of Christ's College, Tasmania), accompanied by Mrs. Gell, daughter of the late Sir John Franklin; Captain Erasmus Ommanney, R.N. (who brought Kallihirua to England), and Mrs. Ommanney, Captain Washington, R.N., of the Admiralty,
Thomas Boyles Murray—Kalli, the Esquimaux Christian,

Why Has Only one Apocalypse Been Able to Keep Its Place in the New Testament? Why not Several --Or None at All?
In answering this question [104] we may suitably take the Muratorian Fragment as our starting-point. At the close of its positive section occurs a paragraph which may be paraphrased as follows: "We also accept Apocalypses, but only two, those of John and Peter; yet the latter is rejected by a minority among us. The Shepherd of Hermas ought not to be spoken of as a part of the Canon either now or at any future time; for it was written only lately in our own times in Rome under the Bishop Pius, the
Adolf Harnack—The Origin of the New Testament

The Sun Rising Upon a Dark World
The people that walked in darkness have seen a great light: they that dwell in the land of the shadow of death, upon then hath the light shined. C ontrasts are suited to illustrate and strengthen the impression of each other. The happiness of those, who by faith in MESSIAH, are brought into a state of peace, liberty, and comfort, is greatly enhanced and heightened by the consideration of that previous state of misery in which they once lived, and of the greater misery to which they were justly exposed.
John Newton—Messiah Vol. 1

Parable of the Pharisee and Publican.
^C Luke XVIII. 9-14. ^c 9 And he spake also this parable unto certain who trusted in themselves that they were righteous, and set all others at nought [It is commonly said that this parable teaches humility in prayer, but the preface and conclusion (see verse 14) show that it is indeed to set forth generally the difference between self-righteousness and humility, and that an occasion of prayer is chosen because it best illustrates the point which the Lord desired to teach. The parable shows that
J. W. McGarvey—The Four-Fold Gospel

Book ix. Epistle i. To Januarius, Bishop of Caralis (Cagliari).
To Januarius, Bishop of Caralis (Cagliari). Gregory to Januarius, &c. The preacher of Almighty God, Paul the apostle, says, Rebuke not an elder (1 Tim. v. 1). But this rule of his is to be observed in cases where the fault of an elder does not draw through his example the hearts of the younger into ruin. But, when an elder sets an example to the young for their ruin, he is to be smitten with severe rebuke. For it is written, Ye are all a snare to the young (Isai. xlii. 22). And again the prophet
Saint Gregory the Great—the Epistles of Saint Gregory the Great

Another Wonderful Record of 25.
A Christian minister, living in Northern Indiana, was in want, and knelt in prayer again and again before his Father in heaven. His quarterly allowance had been withheld, and want stared him in the face. Constrained by urgent need, and shut up to God for help, he pleaded repeatedly for a supply of his temporal wants. Now see how extraordinary was the plan of the Lord to send relief. "In one of the lovely homes of Massachusetts, while the snow was falling and the winds were howling without, a lady
Various—The Wonders of Prayer

The Scriptures
Q-II: WHAT RULE HAS GOD GIVEN TO DIRECT US HOW WE MAY GLORIFY AND ENJOY HIM? A: The Word of God, which is contained in the scriptures of the Old and New Testaments, is the only rule to direct us how we may glorify and enjoy him. 2 Tim 3:16. All Scripture is given by inspiration of God,' By Scripture is understood the sacred Book of God. It is given by divine inspiration; that is, the Scripture is not the contrivance of man's brain, but is divine in its origin. The image of Diana was had in veneration
Thomas Watson—A Body of Divinity

Election Confirmed by the Calling of God. The Reprobate Bring Upon Themselves the Righteous Destruction to which they are Doomed.
1. The election of God is secret, but is manifested by effectual calling. The nature of this effectual calling. How election and effectual calling are founded on the free mercy of God. A cavil of certain expositors refuted by the words of Augustine. An exception disposed of. 2. Calling proved to be free, 1. By its nature and the mode in which it is dispensed. 2. By the word of God. 3. By the calling of Abraham, the father of the faithful. 4. By the testimony of John. 5. By the example of those who
John Calvin—The Institutes of the Christian Religion

Exposition of the Moral Law.
1. The Law was committed to writing, in order that it might teach more fully and perfectly that knowledge, both of God and of ourselves, which the law of nature teaches meagrely and obscurely. Proof of this, from an enumeration of the principal parts of the Moral Law; and also from the dictate of natural law, written on the hearts of all, and, in a manner, effaced by sin. 2. Certain general maxims. 1. From the knowledge of God, furnished by the Law, we learn that God is our Father and Ruler. Righteousness
John Calvin—The Institutes of the Christian Religion

Divine Support and Protection
[What shall we say then to these things?] If God be for us, who can be against us? T he passions of joy or grief, of admiration or gratitude, are moderate when we are able to find words which fully describe their emotions. When they rise very high, language is too faint to express them; and the person is either lost in silence, or feels something which, after his most laboured efforts, is too big for utterance. We may often observe the Apostle Paul under this difficulty, when attempting to excite
John Newton—Messiah Vol. 2

Question Lxxxiii of Prayer
I. Is Prayer an Act of the Appetitive Powers? Cardinal Cajetan, On Prayer based on Friendship II. Is it Fitting to Pray? Cardinal Cajetan, On Prayer as a True Cause S. Augustine, On the Sermon on the Mount, II. iii. 14 " On the Gift of Perseverance, vii. 15 III. Is Prayer an Act of the Virtue of Religion? Cardinal Cajetan, On the Humility of Prayer S. Augustine, On Psalm cii. 10 " Of the Gift of Perseverance, xvi. 39 IV. Ought We to Pray to God Alone? S. Augustine, Sermon, cxxvii. 2 V.
St. Thomas Aquinas—On Prayer and The Contemplative Life

How Christ is Made Use of for Justification as a Way.
What Christ hath done to purchase, procure, and bring about our justification before God, is mentioned already, viz. That he stood in the room of sinners, engaging for them as their cautioner, undertaking, and at length paying down the ransom; becoming sin, or a sacrifice for sin, and a curse for them, and so laying down his life a ransom to satisfy divine justice; and this he hath made known in the gospel, calling sinners to an accepting of him as their only Mediator, and to a resting upon him for
John Brown (of Wamphray)—Christ The Way, The Truth, and The Life

Covenanting Predicted in Prophecy.
The fact of Covenanting, under the Old Testament dispensations, being approved of God, gives a proof that it was proper then, which is accompanied by the voice of prophecy, affording evidence that even in periods then future it should no less be proper. The argument for the service that is afforded by prophecy is peculiar, and, though corresponding with evidence from other sources, is independent. Because that God willed to make known truth through his servants the prophets, we should receive it
John Cunningham—The Ordinance of Covenanting

Difficulties and Objections
"Yet ye say, The way of the Lord is not equal. Hear now, O house of Israel; Is not My way equal? are not your ways unequal?" (Ezek. 18:25). A convenient point has been reached when we may now examine, more definitely, some of the difficulties encountered and the objections which might be advanced against what we have written in previous pages. The author deemed it better to reserve these for a separate consideration rather than deal with them as he went along, requiring as that would have done the
Arthur W. Pink—The Sovereignty of God

Jesus' Feet Anointed in the House of a Pharisee.
(Galilee.) ^C Luke VII. 36-50. ^c 36 And one of the Pharisees desired him that he would eat with him. [We learn from verse 40 that the Pharisee's name was Simon. Because the feast at Bethany was given in the house of Simon the leper, and because Jesus was anointed there also, some have been led to think that Luke is here describing this supper. See Matt. xxvi. 6-13; Mark xiv. 3-9; John xii. 1-8. But Simon the leper was not Simon the Pharisee. The name Simon was one of the most common among the Jewish
J. W. McGarvey—The Four-Fold Gospel

In Judaea
If Galilee could boast of the beauty of its scenery and the fruitfulness of its soil; of being the mart of a busy life, and the highway of intercourse with the great world outside Palestine, Judaea would neither covet nor envy such advantages. Hers was quite another and a peculiar claim. Galilee might be the outer court, but Judaea was like the inner sanctuary of Israel. True, its landscapes were comparatively barren, its hills bare and rocky, its wilderness lonely; but around those grey limestone
Alfred Edersheim—Sketches of Jewish Social Life

Meditations of the True Manner of Practising Piety on the Sabbath-Day.
Almighty God will have himself worshipped, not only in a private manner by private persons and families, but also in a more public sort, of all the godly joined together in a visible church; that by this means he may be known not only to be the God and Lord of every Singular person, but also of the creatures of the whole universal world. Question--But why do not we Christians under the New, keep the Sabbath on the same seventh day on which it was kept under the Old Testament? I answer--Because our
Lewis Bayly—The Practice of Piety

Meditations against Despair, or Doubting of God's Mercy.
It is found by continual experience, that near the time of death, when the children of God are weakest, then Satan makes the greatest nourish of his strength, and assails them with his strongest temptations. For he knows that either he must now or never prevail; for if their souls once go to heaven, he shall never vex nor trouble them any more. And therefore he will now bestir himself as much as he can, and labour to set before their eyes all the gross sins which ever they committed, and the judgments
Lewis Bayly—The Practice of Piety

The Creation
Q-7: WHAT ARE THE DECREES OF GOD? A: The decrees of God are his eternal purpose, according to the counsel of his will, whereby, for his own glory, he has foreordained whatsoever shall come to pass. I have already spoken something concerning the decrees of God under the attribute of his immutability. God is unchangeable in his essence, and he-is unchangeable in his decrees; his counsel shall stand. He decrees the issue of all things, and carries them on to their accomplishment by his providence; I
Thomas Watson—A Body of Divinity

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