Haggai 2:14
Then Haggai replied, "So it is with this people and this nation before Me, declares the LORD, and so it is with every work of their hands; whatever they offer there is defiled.
So it is with this people
The phrase "this people" refers to the Israelites, specifically those who returned from Babylonian exile. In Hebrew, the term used is "הָעָם הַזֶּה" (ha'am hazzeh), which can carry a tone of reproach or disappointment. Historically, the Israelites had been chosen by God as His covenant people, yet they often strayed from His commands. This phrase underscores the collective responsibility and spiritual state of the community, emphasizing that their current condition is a result of their actions and attitudes.

and this nation before Me
The term "nation" (גּוֹי, goy) is often used in the Old Testament to describe a group of people bound by common descent, language, and culture. Here, it highlights the corporate identity of Israel as a nation accountable to God. The phrase "before Me" (לְפָנַי, lefanai) indicates their position in relation to God, suggesting that their actions are not hidden from Him. This serves as a reminder of God's omnipresence and His role as the ultimate judge of nations.

declares the LORD
This phrase is a prophetic formula used throughout the Old Testament to assert the authority and authenticity of the message. The Hebrew word for "declares" (נְאֻם, ne'um) is often used in divine pronouncements, emphasizing that the message comes directly from Yahweh, the covenant-keeping God. It reassures the audience that the words spoken are not merely human opinions but divine truths that demand attention and obedience.

and so it is with every work of their hands
The "work of their hands" refers to the labor and efforts of the Israelites, particularly in rebuilding the temple. In Hebrew, "מַעֲשֵׂה יְדֵיהֶם" (ma'aseh yedehem) conveys the idea of human endeavor and craftsmanship. However, due to their spiritual impurity, even their sincere efforts are tainted. This highlights the biblical principle that outward actions, no matter how noble, are insufficient if the heart is not aligned with God's will.

and whatever they offer there is defiled
The word "offer" (יַקְרִיבוּ, yakrivu) pertains to sacrifices and offerings made to God. In the context of the Old Testament sacrificial system, offerings were meant to be pure and holy. The term "defiled" (טָמֵא, tamei) indicates ritual impurity, suggesting that their offerings are unacceptable to God due to their spiritual state. This serves as a sobering reminder that God desires holiness and purity in worship, and that true worship must stem from a heart that is right with Him.

Persons / Places / Events
1. Haggai
A prophet sent by God to encourage the Israelites to rebuild the temple after their return from Babylonian exile.

2. The People of Israel
The returned exiles who were tasked with rebuilding the temple but had become complacent and focused on their own homes.

3. The LORD (Yahweh)
The covenant God of Israel, who speaks through Haggai to address the spiritual condition of the people.

4. The Temple
The central place of worship for the Israelites, symbolizing God's presence among His people.

5. Defilement
The state of being impure or unclean, which in this context refers to the spiritual impurity of the people affecting their offerings and work.
Teaching Points
The Importance of Holiness
God desires purity in our worship and actions. Just as the Israelites' defilement affected their offerings, our spiritual state impacts our service to God.

The Consequences of Complacency
The Israelites' focus on their own homes rather than God's temple serves as a warning against prioritizing personal comfort over spiritual responsibilities.

The Call to Repentance
True repentance involves recognizing our defilement and turning back to God, seeking His cleansing and guidance.

The Impact of Our Actions
Our work and offerings to God are meaningful only when they come from a heart aligned with His will.

Building with Purpose
Like the Israelites rebuilding the temple, we are called to build our lives on the foundation of Christ, ensuring our motives and actions honor Him.
Bible Study Questions
1. How does the concept of defilement in Haggai 2:14 relate to our understanding of holiness today?

2. In what ways might we become complacent in our spiritual lives, similar to the Israelites?

3. How can we ensure that our work and offerings to God are not defiled but pleasing to Him?

4. What steps can we take to prioritize God's kingdom over our personal interests?

5. How do the teachings in Haggai 2:14 connect with Jesus' teachings on inner purity in the New Testament?
Connections to Other Scriptures
Leviticus 10
Discusses the importance of holiness and the consequences of offering unauthorized fire, highlighting the seriousness of defilement.

Isaiah 64
Speaks of the righteousness of the people being like filthy rags, emphasizing the need for true repentance and purity.

Matthew 15
Jesus addresses the issue of inner purity versus outward rituals, connecting to the theme of defilement in Haggai.

1 Corinthians 3
Paul speaks about building on the foundation of Christ, paralleling the call to rebuild the temple with pure motives.

James 1
Discusses the importance of being doers of the word, not just hearers, which relates to the Israelites' need to act on God's commands.
Works and Pure HeartsHaggai 2:14
Human DutyD. Thomas Haggai 2:10-14
The Past and the FutureT. Whitelaw Haggai 2:10-19
Human DutyHomilistHaggai 2:11-14
PollutionT. V. Moore, D. D.Haggai 2:11-14
The Contagion of EvilJ. C. Hare, M. A.Haggai 2:11-14
People
Darius, Haggai, Jehozadak, Josedech, Joshua, Shealtiel, Zerubbabel
Places
Egypt, Jerusalem
Topics
Affirmation, Answereth, Bring, Declares, Defiled, Haggai, Hands, Nation, Offer, Offering, Says, Sight, Unclean, Whatever
Dictionary of Bible Themes
Haggai 2:10-14

     5194   touch

Haggai 2:14-16

     4544   wine

Library
Brave Encouragements
'In the seventh month, in the one and twentieth day of the month, came the word of the Lord by the prophet Haggai, saying, 2. Speak now to Zerubbabel the son of Shealtiel, governor of Judah, and to Joshua the son of Josedech, the high priest, and to the residue of the people, saying, 3. Who is left among you that saw this house in her first glory? and how do ye see it now? is it not in your eyes in comparison of it as nothing? 4. Yet now be strong, O Zerubbabel, saith the Lord; and be strong, O Joshua,
Alexander Maclaren—Expositions of Holy Scripture

The Shaking of the Heavens and the Earth
Thus saith the LORD of hosts, Yet this once, it is a little while, and I will shake the heavens, and the earth, and the sea, and the dry land: and I will shake all nations, and the desire of all nations shall come, and I will fill this house with glory, saith the LORD of hosts. G od shook the earth when He proclaimed His law to Israel from Sinai. The description, though very simple, presents to our thoughts a scene unspeakably majestic, grand and awful. The mountain was in flames at the top, and
John Newton—Messiah Vol. 1

The Abiding of the Spirit the Glory of the Church
By the mouth of His servant Haggai stern rebukes were uttered, and the whole people were aroused. We read in verse twelve of the first chapter, "Then Zerubbabel the son of Shealtiel, and Joshua the son of Josedech, the high priest, with all the remnant of the people, obeyed the voice of the Lord their God, and the words of Haggai the prophet, as the Lord their God had sent him, and the people did fear before the Lord." All hands were put to the work; course after course of stone began to rise; and
Charles Haddon Spurgeon—Spurgeon's Sermons Volume 32: 1886

The Desire of all Nations
"And I will shake all nations, and the desire of all nations shall come: and I will fill this house with glory, saith the Lord of Hosts."--Haggai 2:7. THE second temple was never intended to be as magnificent as the first. The first was to be the embodiment of the full glory of the dispensation of symbols and types, and was soon to pass away. This comparative feebleness had been proved by the idolatry and apostasy of the people Israel, and when they returned to Jerusalem they were to have a structure
Charles Haddon Spurgeon—Spurgeon's Sermons Volume 61: 1915

The Overturning which is visible on Every Hand.
"I will overturn, overturn, overturn it, and it shall be no more, until He come whose right it is" (Ezek. 21:27). In close accord with this prophecy through Ezekiel is the word recorded in Haggai 2:6, 7--"For thus saith the Lord of hosts; Yet once, it is a little while, and I will shake the heavens, and the earth, and the sea, and the dry land. And I will shake all nations, and the Desire of all nations shall come." Note carefully the coupling of these two things together--the coming of the Desire
Arthur W. Pink—The Redeemer's Return

The Outpouring of the Holy Spirit.
"The Holy Spirit was not yet given because that Jesus was not yet glorified."--John vii. 39. We have come to the most difficult part in the discussion of the work of the Holy Spirit, viz., the outpouring of the Holy Spirit on the tenth day after the ascension. In the treatment of this subject it is not our aim to create a new interest in the celebration of Pentecost. We consider this almost impossible. Man's nature is too unspiritual for this. But we shall reverently endeavor to give a clearer insight
Abraham Kuyper—The Work of the Holy Spirit

His Throat is Most Sweet, Yea, He is Altogether Lovely. This is My Beloved, and this is My Friend, O Daughters of Jerusalem.
The good qualities of ordinary things may be sufficiently well expressed by ordinary phrases of commendation, but there are some subjects so above expression that they can only be worthily admired by declaring them above all praise. Such is the Divine Bridegroom, who, by the excess of His perfections, renders His Bride dumb when she endeavors most worthily to praise Him, that all hearts and minds may be attracted to Him. Her passion causes her to burst out into the praise of some of the excellencies
Madame Guyon—Song of Songs of Solomon

"Wash You, Make You Clean; Put Away the Evil of Your Doings from Before Mine Eyes; Cease to do Evil,"
Isaiah i. 16.--"Wash you, make you clean; put away the evil of your doings from before mine eyes; cease to do evil," &c. There are two evils in sin,--one is the nature of it, another the fruit and sad effect of it. In itself it is filthiness, and contrary to God's holiness; an abasing of the immortal soul; a spot in the face of the Lord of the creatures, that hath far debased him under them all. Though it be so unnatural to us, yet it is now in our fallen estate become, as it were, natural, so that
Hugh Binning—The Works of the Rev. Hugh Binning

The Christian Business World
Scripture references: Proverbs 22:29; Romans 12:11; Psalms 24:1; 50:10-12; Haggai 2:8; Psalm 49:6,10,16,17; 62:10; Matthew 13:22; Mark 10:23,24; Job 31:24-26; Proverbs 3:9; Matthew 25:14-30; 24:45-51; 6:19-21; Luke 12:16-21. THE IDEAL IN THE BUSINESS WORLD There is often a wide difference between the methods actually employed in doing business and when they should be. Good men who are in the thick of the battle of competition and rivalry with other firms in the same line of trade, are the quickest
Henry T. Sell—Studies in the Life of the Christian

Fifthly, as this Revelation, to the Judgment of Right and Sober Reason,
appears of itself highly credible and probable, and abundantly recommends itself in its native simplicity, merely by its own intrinsic goodness and excellency, to the practice of the most rational and considering men, who are desirous in all their actions to have satisfaction and comfort and good hope within themselves, from the conscience of what they do: So it is moreover positively and directly proved to be actually and immediately sent to us from God, by the many infallible signs and miracles
Samuel Clarke—A Discourse Concerning the Being and Attributes of God

The Cities of the Levites.
Concerning them, see Numbers, chapter 35, and Joshua chapter 21. "The suburbs of the cities of the Levites were three thousand cubits on every side; viz. from the walls of the city, and outwards; as it is said, 'From the walls of the city and outwards a thousand cubits: and thou shalt measure from without the city two thousand cubits' (Num 35:4,5). The former thousand were the suburbs, and the latter two thousand were for fields and vineyards. They appointed the place of burial to every one of those
John Lightfoot—From the Talmud and Hebraica

"All Our Righteousnesses are as Filthy Rags, and we all do Fade as a Leaf, and Our Iniquities, Like the Wind, have Taken us Away. "
Isaiah lxiv. 6, 7.--"All our righteousnesses are as filthy rags, and we all do fade as a leaf, and our iniquities, like the wind, have taken us away." Not only are the direct breaches of the command uncleanness, and men originally and actually unclean, but even our holy actions, our commanded duties. Take a man's civility, religion, and all his universal inherent righteousness,--all are filthy rags. And here the church confesseth nothing but what God accuseth her of, Isa. lxvi. 8, and chap. i. ver.
Hugh Binning—The Works of the Rev. Hugh Binning

The Beginning of Justification. In what Sense Progressive.
1. Men either idolatrous, profane, hypocritical, or regenerate. 1. Idolaters void of righteousness, full of unrighteousness, and hence in the sight of God altogether wretched and undone. 2. Still a great difference in the characters of men. This difference manifested. 1. In the gifts of God. 2. In the distinction between honorable and base. 3. In the blessings of he present life. 3. All human virtue, how praiseworthy soever it may appear, is corrupted. 1. By impurity of heart. 2. By the absence of
John Calvin—The Institutes of the Christian Religion

"For the Law of the Spirit of Life in Christ Jesus Hath Made Me Free from the Law of Sin and Death. "
Rom. viii. 2.--"For the law of the Spirit of life in Christ Jesus hath made me free from the law of sin and death." You know there are two principal things in the preceding verse,--the privilege of a Christian, and the property or character of a Christian. He is one that never enters into condemnation; He that believeth shall not perish, John iii. 15. And then he is one that walks not after the flesh, though he be in the flesh, but in a more elevate way above men, after the guiding and leading
Hugh Binning—The Works of the Rev. Hugh Binning

The Fourth Commandment
Remember the Sabbath-day to keep it holy. Six days shalt thou labour, and do all thy work: but the seventh day is the Sabbath of the Lord thy God; in it thou shalt not do any work, thou, nor thy son, nor thy daughter, thy manservant, nor thy maid-servant, nor thy cattle, nor thy stranger that is within thy gates. For in six days the Lord made heaven and earth, the sea, and all that in them is, and rested the seventh day; wherefore the Lord blessed the Sabbath-day and hallowed it. Exod 20: 8-11. This
Thomas Watson—The Ten Commandments

Mount Zion.
"For ye are not come unto a mount that might be touched, and that burned with fire, and unto blackness, and darkness, and tempest, and the sound of a trumpet, and the voice of words; which voice they that heard entreated that no word more should be spoken unto them: for they could not endure that which was enjoined, If even a beast touch the mountain, it shall be stoned; and so fearful was the appearance, that Moses said, I exceedingly fear and quake: but ye are come unto Mount Zion, and unto
Thomas Charles Edwards—The Expositor's Bible: The Epistle to the Hebrews

Questions.
LESSON I. 1. In what state was the Earth when first created? 2. To what trial was man subjected? 3. What punishment did the Fall bring on man? 4. How alone could his guilt be atoned for? A. By his punishment being borne by one who was innocent. 5. What was the first promise that there should be such an atonement?--Gen. iii. 15. 6. What were the sacrifices to foreshow? 7. Why was Abel's offering the more acceptable? 8. From which son of Adam was the Seed of the woman to spring? 9. How did Seth's
Charlotte Mary Yonge—The Chosen People

Haggai
The post-exilic age sharply distinguished itself from the pre-exilic (Zech. i. 4), and nowhere is the difference more obvious than in prophecy. Post-exilic prophecy has little of the literary or moral power of earlier prophecy, but it would be very easy to do less than justice to Haggai. His prophecy is very short; into two chapters is condensed a summary, probably not even in his own words, of no less than four addresses. Meagre as they may seem to us, they produced a great effect on those who heard
John Edgar McFadyen—Introduction to the Old Testament

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