Acts 21:39
But Paul answered, "I am a Jew from Tarsus in Cilicia, a citizen of no ordinary city. Now I beg you to allow me to speak to the people."
But Paul replied
The phrase "But Paul replied" indicates a response, suggesting a dialogue or confrontation. In the context of Acts 21, Paul is addressing a Roman commander after being seized by a mob. The Greek word for "replied" (ἀπεκρίθη) implies a reasoned answer, reflecting Paul's calm and composed demeanor despite the chaos. This highlights Paul's ability to remain articulate and persuasive under pressure, a testament to his character and divine calling.

I am a Jew
Paul's declaration, "I am a Jew," is significant in affirming his ethnic and religious identity. The Greek term "Ἰουδαῖος" (Ioudaios) underscores his heritage and connection to the Jewish people, which is crucial in understanding his mission and the tensions he faced. This statement serves as a bridge between his Jewish roots and his mission to the Gentiles, emphasizing his unique role in God's plan.

from Tarsus in Cilicia
By stating he is "from Tarsus in Cilicia," Paul identifies his birthplace, which was a prominent city in the Roman province of Cilicia. Tarsus was known for its intellectual and cultural significance, often compared to Athens and Alexandria. This background provided Paul with a diverse cultural perspective and education, equipping him for his missionary journeys and interactions with various peoples.

a citizen of no ordinary city
The phrase "a citizen of no ordinary city" highlights Tarsus's status and prestige. The Greek word "πολίτης" (polites) for "citizen" indicates a sense of belonging and rights within a community. Paul's citizenship in such a notable city would afford him certain privileges and respect, which he strategically uses to his advantage in his ministry and legal defenses.

And I beg you
Paul's use of "And I beg you" demonstrates humility and respect towards the Roman commander. The Greek verb "δέομαι" (deomai) conveys a sense of earnest pleading or request. This approach reflects Paul's wisdom in dealing with authority figures, showing that he is not confrontational but seeks to engage in dialogue and share his message peacefully.

let me speak to the people
Finally, "let me speak to the people" reveals Paul's unwavering commitment to his mission. Despite the hostility he faced, his desire to communicate with the crowd underscores his dedication to spreading the Gospel. The Greek word "λαλέω" (laleo) for "speak" implies not just talking, but delivering a message with purpose. This moment exemplifies Paul's courage and determination to fulfill his calling, regardless of the circumstances.

Persons / Places / Events
1. Paul
The apostle and missionary, formerly known as Saul, who played a crucial role in the spread of Christianity among the Gentiles. In this passage, he is addressing a Roman commander.

2. Tarsus
A significant city in Cilicia, known for its cultural and educational influence. Paul emphasizes his citizenship here to establish his credibility and rights.

3. Cilicia
A region in modern-day Turkey, known in ancient times for its strategic location and cultural significance. It was part of the Roman Empire during Paul's time.

4. Roman Commander
The military official responsible for maintaining order in Jerusalem. He is initially unaware of Paul's background and intentions.

5. The Crowd
The Jewish people in Jerusalem who were in an uproar against Paul, accusing him of defiling the temple and teaching against Jewish law.
Teaching Points
Identity and Heritage
Paul uses his background strategically to connect with different audiences. As Christians, understanding and using our identity in Christ can help us relate to others and share the Gospel effectively.

Courage in Adversity
Despite the hostile crowd, Paul remains calm and requests to speak. This teaches us the importance of courage and composure when facing opposition for our faith.

Wisdom in Communication
Paul’s approach shows the importance of knowing when and how to speak. We should seek wisdom from God to communicate effectively in challenging situations.

Citizenship and Rights
Paul’s mention of his Roman citizenship reminds us of the importance of understanding and utilizing our rights responsibly, both in earthly and spiritual realms.

God’s Sovereignty
Despite the chaos, God’s plan for Paul’s life continues to unfold. This reassures us that God is in control, even when circumstances seem dire.
Bible Study Questions
1. How does Paul’s identity as a Jew from Tarsus influence his approach to sharing the Gospel in this passage, and how can we apply this principle in our own lives?

2. In what ways does Paul’s courage in this situation inspire you to stand firm in your faith amidst opposition?

3. How can we discern when to speak and when to remain silent in challenging situations, as Paul did in Acts 21:39?

4. What are some practical ways we can use our rights and privileges to further the Gospel, as Paul did with his Roman citizenship?

5. Reflect on a time when you saw God’s sovereignty at work in a difficult situation. How does this passage encourage you to trust in God’s plan for your life?
Connections to Other Scriptures
Philippians 3:5
Paul describes his Jewish heritage and credentials, which he also emphasizes in Acts 21:39 to establish his identity and authority.

Acts 9:15
God's calling of Paul as a chosen instrument to carry His name before the Gentiles, kings, and the people of Israel, which is part of the broader context of Paul's mission.

2 Corinthians 11:22
Paul lists his Jewish credentials, similar to his declaration in Acts 21:39, to defend his apostolic authority.
CitizenshipJ. W. Burn.Acts 21:39
Paul's BirthplaceT. De Witt Talmage.Acts 21:39
The Pastor and Elders of the Church not InfallibleP.C. Barker Acts 21:20-39
An Angry MobActs 21:27-40
Danger and Deliverance At JerusalemE. Johnson Acts 21:27-40
False SuppositionsH. C. Trumbull, D. D.Acts 21:27-40
Fanaticism and DevotednessW. Clarkson Acts 21:27-40
Paul Accused of the JewsJ. H. Tasson.Acts 21:27-40
Paul AssailedC. M. Southgate.Acts 21:27-40
Paul AssailedS. S. TimesActs 21:27-40
Paul At JerusalemJ. M. English, D. D.Acts 21:27-40
Paul At JerusalemD. J. Burtell, D. D.Acts 21:27-40
Paul At JerusalemS. Lewis B. Speare.Acts 21:27-40
Paul in the Storm At JerusalemK. Gerok.Acts 21:27-40
Paul in the TempleA. F. Muir, M. A.Acts 21:27-40
Paul's ArrestD. Thomas, D. D.Acts 21:27-40
Polluting the Holy PlaceS. S. TimesActs 21:27-40
Religion as the Occasion of EvilScientific IllustrationsActs 21:27-40
The Inconsiderate MobSir Walter Raleigh.Acts 21:27-40
The Mob -- Divided Though OneActs 21:27-40
The Persecuting SpiritJ. L. Hurlbut, D. D.Acts 21:27-40
True Christian TolerationH. W. Beecher.Acts 21:27-40
The Roman Soldier Face to Face with the Christian ApostleR.A. Redford Acts 21:37-40
People
Agabus, Israelites, James, Mnason, Paul, Philip, Trophimus
Places
Asia, Caesarea, Cilicia, Cos, Cyprus, Jerusalem, Judea, Patara, Phoenicia, Ptolemais, Rhodes, Syria, Tarsus, Tyre
Topics
Allow, Beg, Belonging, Beseech, Cilicia, Cili'cia, Citizen, Indeed, Insignificant, Jew, Leave, Mean, Ordinary, Paul, Please, Replied, Request, Speak, Suffer, Tarsus, Town, Unimportant
Dictionary of Bible Themes
Acts 21:39

     5108   Paul, life of
     7505   Jews, the

Acts 21:27-40

     5279   crowds

Acts 21:39-22:1

     5944   self-defence

Library
An Old Disciple
'... One Mnason of Cyprus, an old disciple, with whom we should lodge.'--ACTS xxi. 16. There is something that stimulates the imagination in these mere shadows of men that we meet in the New Testament story. What a strange fate that is to be made immortal by a line in this book-- immortal and yet so unknown! We do not hear another word about this host of Paul's, but his name will be familiar to men's ears till the world's end. This figure is drawn in the slightest possible outline, with a couple
Alexander Maclaren—Expositions of Holy Scripture: The Acts

Philip the Evangelist
'... We entered into the house of Philip the evangelist, which was one of the seven; and abode with him.'--ACTS xxi. 8. The life of this Philip, as recorded, is a very remarkable one. It is divided into two unequal halves: one full of conspicuous service, one passed in absolute obscurity. Like the moon in its second quarter, part of the disc is shining silver and the rest is invisible. Let us put together the notices of him. He bears a name which makes it probable that he was not a Palestinian Jew,
Alexander Maclaren—Expositions of Holy Scripture: The Acts

Drawing Nearer to the Storm
'And it came to pass, that, after we were gotten from them, and had launched, we came with a straight course unto Coos, and the day following unto Rhodes, and from thence unto Patara: 2. And finding a ship sailing over unto Phenicia, we went aboard, and set forth. 3. Now when we had discovered Cyprus, we left it on the left hand, and sailed into Syria, and landed at Tyre: for there the ship was to unlade her burden. 4. And finding disciples, we tarried there seven days: who said to Paul through the
Alexander Maclaren—Expositions of Holy Scripture: The Acts

Paul in the Temple
'And when the seven days were almost ended, the Jews which were of Asia when they saw him in the temple, stirred up all the people, and laid hands on him. 28. Crying out, Men of Israel, help: This is the man, that teacheth all men everywhere against the people, and the law, and this place: and further brought Greeks also into the temple, and hath polluted this holy place. 29. (For they had seen before with him in the city Trophimus an Ephesian, whom they supposed that Paul had brought into the temple.)
Alexander Maclaren—Expositions of Holy Scripture: The Acts

Jerusalem to Rome
Acts 21:17-28:31 THIS JOURNEY Scripture, Acts 21:17-28:31 1. The speech before the Jewish mob in the temple (Acts 22:1-29) in which Paul tells the Jews how he was changed from a persecutor to a believer in Christ. He relates also the story of his conversion. 2. The speech before the Jewish council (Acts 22:30; 23:1-10) in which he creates confusion by raising the question of the resurrection. But the provocation was great for the high-priest had commanded that Paul be smitten
Henry T. Sell—Bible Studies in the Life of Paul

Parting.
"What mean ye to weep, and to break mine heart!"--Acts 21:13 "Was macht ihr, dass ihr weinet." [32]Spitta. transl., Sarah Findlater, 1855 What mean ye by this wailing To break my bleeding heart? As if the love that binds us Could alter or depart! Our sweet and holy union Knows neither time nor place; The love that God has planted Is lasting as His grace. Ye clasp these hands at parting, As if no hope could be; While still we stand for ever In blessed unity! Ye gaze, as on a vision Ye never could
Jane Borthwick—Hymns from the Land of Luther

As Thou Wilt.
"The will of the Lord be done."--Acts 21:14. "Wie Gott will! also will ich sagen." [72]Neumeister. transl., Jane Borthwick, 1858 As Thou wilt, my God! I ever say; What Thou wilt is ever best for me; What have I to do with earthly care, Since to-morrow I may leave with Thee? Lord, Thou knowest, I am not my own, All my hope and help depend on Thee alone. As Thou wilt! still I can believe; Never did the word of promise fail. Faith can hold it fast, and feel it sure, Though temptations cloud and fears
Jane Borthwick—Hymns from the Land of Luther

The Way to the Kingdom
"The kingdom of God is at hand: repent ye, and believe the gospel." Mark 1:15 These words naturally lead us to consider, First, the nature of true religion, here termed by our Lord, "the kingdom of God," which, saith he, "is at hand;" and, Secondly, the way thereto, which he points out in those words, "Repent ye, and believe the gospel." I. 1. We are, First, to consider the nature of true religion, here termed by our Lord, "the kingdom of God." The same expression the great Apostle uses in his Epistle
John Wesley—Sermons on Several Occasions

India as Carey Found It
1793 Tahiti v. Bengal--Carey and Thomas appointed missionaries to Bengal--The farewell at Leicester--John Thomas, first medical missionary--Carey's letter to his father--The Company's "abominable monopoly"--The voyage--Carey's aspirations for world-wide missions--Lands at Calcutta--His description of Bengal in 1793--Contrast presented by Carey to Clive, Hastings, and Cornwallis--The spiritual founder of an Indian Empire of Christian Britain--Bengal and the famine of 1769-70--The Decennial Settlement
George Smith—The Life of William Carey

Chel. The Court of the Women.
The Court of the Gentiles compassed the Temple and the courts on every side. The same also did Chel, or the Ante-murale. "That space was ten cubits broad, divided from the Court of the Gentiles by a fence, ten hand-breadths high; in which were thirteen breaches, which the kings of Greece had made: but the Jews had again repaired them, and had appointed thirteen adorations answering to them." Maimonides writes: "Inwards" (from the Court of the Gentiles) "was a fence, that encompassed on every side,
John Lightfoot—From the Talmud and Hebraica

Matthew.
Critical. Bernh. Weiss: Das Matthäusevangelium und seine Lucas-Parallelen erklärt. Halle, 1876. Exceedingly elaborate. Edw. Byron Nicholson: The Gospel according to the Hebrews. Its Fragments translated and annotated. Lond., 1879. Exegetical Commentaries on Matthew by Origen, Jerome, Chrysostom, Melanchthon (1523), Fritzsche, De Wette, Alford, Wordsworth, Schegg (R. Cath., 1856-58, 3 vols.), J. A. Alexander, Lange (trsl. and enlarged by Schaff, N. Y., 1864, etc.), James Morison (of Glasgow,
Philip Schaff—History of the Christian Church, Volume I

Knox in Scotland: Lethington: Mary of Guise: 1555-1556
Meanwhile the Reformer returned to Geneva (April 1555), where Calvin was now supreme. From Geneva, "the den of mine own ease, the rest of quiet study," Knox was dragged, "maist contrarious to mine own judgement," by a summons from Mrs. Bowes. He did not like leaving his "den" to rejoin his betrothed; the lover was not so fervent as the evangelist was cautious. Knox had at that time probably little correspondence with Scotland. He knew that there was no refuge for him in England under Mary Tudor,
Andrew Lang—John Knox and the Reformation

Chrysostom Evades Election to a Bishopric, and Writes his Work on the Priesthood.
About this time several bishoprics were vacant in Syria, and frequent depositions took place with the changing fortunes of orthodoxy and Arianism, and the interference of the court. The attention of the clergy and the people turned to Chrysostom and his friend Basil as suitable candidates for the episcopal office, although they had not the canonical age of thirty. Chrysostom shrunk from the responsibilities and avoided an election by a pious fraud. He apparently assented to an agreement with Basil
St. Chrysostom—On the Priesthood

Whether Since Christ's Passion the Legal Ceremonies Can be Observed Without Committing Mortal Sin?
Objection 1: It would seem that since Christ's Passion the legal ceremonies can be observed without committing mortal sin. For we must not believe that the apostles committed mortal sin after receiving the Holy Ghost: since by His fulness they were "endued with power from on high" (Lk. 24:49). But the apostles observed the legal ceremonies after the coming of the Holy Ghost: for it is stated (Acts 16:3) that Paul circumcised Timothy: and (Acts 21:26) that Paul, at the advice of James, "took the men,
Saint Thomas Aquinas—Summa Theologica

Whether the Grace of the Word of Wisdom and Knowledge is Becoming to Women?
Objection 1: It would seem that the grace of the word of wisdom and knowledge is becoming even to women. For teaching is pertinent to this grace, as stated in the foregoing Article. Now it is becoming to a woman to teach; for it is written (Prov. 4:3,4): "I was an only son in the sight of my mother, and she taught me [*Vulg.: 'I was my father's son, tender, and as an only son in the sight of my mother. And he taught me.']." Therefore this grace is becoming to women. Objection 2: Further, the grace
Saint Thomas Aquinas—Summa Theologica

From Antioch to the Destruction of Jerusalem.
Acts 13-28 and all the rest of the New Testament except the epistles of John and Revelation. The Changed Situation. We have now come to a turning point in the whole situation. The center of work has shifted from Jerusalem to Antioch, the capital of the Greek province of Syria, the residence of the Roman governor of the province. We change from the study of the struggles of Christianity in the Jewish world to those it made among heathen people. We no longer study many and various persons and their
Josiah Blake Tidwell—The Bible Period by Period

The Letter of the Synod to the Emperor and Empress.
(Labbe and Cossart, Concilia, Tom. VII., col. 577.) To our most religious and most serene princes, Constantine and Irene his mother. Tarasius, the unworthy bishop of your God-protected royal city, new Rome, and all the holy Council which met at the good pleasure of God and upon the command of your Christ-loving majesty in the renowned metropolis of Nice, the second council to assemble in this city. Christ our God (who is the head of the Church) was glorified, most noble princes, when your heart,
Philip Schaff—The Seven Ecumenical Councils

Sudden Conversions.
"By the grace of God I am what I am: and His grace which was bestowed upon me was not in vain."--1 Cor. xv. 10. We can hardly conceive that grace, such as that given to the great Apostle who speaks in the text, would have been given in vain; that is, we should not expect that it would have been given, had it been foreseen and designed by the Almighty Giver that it would have been in vain. By which I do not mean, of course, to deny that God's gifts are oftentimes abused and wasted by man, which
John Henry Newman—Parochial and Plain Sermons, Vol. VIII

Prov. 22:06 the Duties of Parents
"Train up a child in the way he should go; and when he is old, he will not depart from it."--Prov. 22:6. I SUPPOSE that most professing Christians are acquainted with the text at the head of this page. The sound of it is probably familiar to your ears, like an old tune. It is likely you have heard it, or read it, talked of it, or quoted it, many a time. Is it not so? But, after all, how little is the substance of this text regarded! The doctrine it contains appears scarcely known, the duty it puts
John Charles Ryle—The Upper Room: Being a Few Truths for the Times

The Epistle to the Hebrews.
I. Commentaries on Hebrews by Chrysostom (d. 407, hermeneia, in 34 Homilies publ. after his death by an Antioch. presbyter, Constantinus); Theodoret (d. 457); Oecumenius (10th cent.); Theophylact (11th cent.); Thomas Aquinas (d. 1274); Erasmus (d. 1536, Annotationes in N. T., with his Greek Test., 1516 and often, and Paraphrasis in N. T., 1522 and often); Card. Cajetanus (Epistolae Pauli, etc., 1531); Calvin (d. 1564, Com. in omnes P. Ep. atque etiam in Ep. ad Hebraeos, 1539 and often, also Halle,
Philip Schaff—History of the Christian Church, Volume I

Of the Prerogatives which the Elect Shall Enjoy in Heaven.
By reason of this communion with God, the elect in heaven shall have four superexcellent prerogatives:-- 1. They shall have the kingdom of heaven for their inheritance (Matt. xxv.; 1 Pet. i. 4), and they shall be free denizens of the heavenly Jerusalem (Eph. ii. 19; Heb. xii. 22.) St. Paul, by being a free citizen of Rome (Acts xxi. 26), escaped whipping; but they who are once free citizens of the heavenly Jerusalem, shall ever be freed from the whips of eternal torments. For this freedom was bought
Lewis Bayly—The Practice of Piety

The Positive Side
What is the relation of the Law (the Ten Commandments) to Christians? In our previous chapter we pointed out how that three radically different answers have been returned to this question. The first, that sinners become saints by obeying the Law. This is Legalism pure and simple. It is heresy of the most dangerous kind. All who really believe and act on it as the ground of their acceptance by God, will perish eternally. Second, others say that the Law is not binding on Christians because it has been
Arthur W. Pink—The Law and the Saint

Paul's Journeys Acts 13:1-38:31
On this third journey he was already planning to go to Rome (Acts 19:21) and wrote an epistle to the Romans announcing his coming (Rom. 1:7, 15). +The Chief City+, in which Paul spent most of his time (Acts 19:1, 8, 10), between two and three years upon this journey, was Ephesus in Asia Minor. This city situated midway between the extreme points of his former missionary journeys was a place where Ephesus has been thus described: "It had been one of the early Greek colonies, later the capital
Henry T. Sell—Bible Studies in the Life of Paul

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