2 Samuel 16:1

When David had gone a little beyond the summit, Ziba the servant of Mephibosheth was there to meet him. He had a pair of saddled donkeys loaded with two hundred loaves of bread, a hundred clusters of raisins, a hundred summer fruits, and a skin of wine.

Study Bible

When David had gone a little beyond the summit
This phrase sets the scene for a pivotal moment in King David's life. The "summit" refers to the Mount of Olives, a place of significant biblical events. In Hebrew, the word for summit can also imply a place of decision or transition. David's journey beyond the summit symbolizes a crossing into a new phase of trials and divine testing. Historically, the Mount of Olives is a place of prayer and reflection, and David's passage here foreshadows the trials he will face, much like Jesus' later prayers in Gethsemane.

there was Ziba
Ziba is introduced as a servant of Mephibosheth, the son of Jonathan. His presence here is strategic and opportunistic. The name Ziba in Hebrew can mean "statue" or "pillar," suggesting someone who stands firm or is immovable. However, Ziba's actions reveal a more complex character, one who is shrewd and possibly deceitful. His encounter with David is a reminder of the complexities of human loyalty and the challenges of discerning truth.

the steward of Mephibosheth
This phrase highlights Ziba's role and responsibility. As a steward, Ziba was entrusted with the care of Mephibosheth's estate. The Hebrew term for steward implies a manager or overseer, someone who is supposed to act in the best interest of their master. This role is significant in understanding the dynamics of trust and betrayal that unfold in the narrative. It also reflects the biblical theme of stewardship and the moral obligations that come with it.

waiting to meet him
Ziba's act of waiting suggests anticipation and intent. The Hebrew root for "waiting" can imply lying in wait or preparing for an encounter. This meeting is not coincidental; it is a calculated move by Ziba. In the broader biblical context, waiting often involves a test of faith or character, both for the one waiting and the one being awaited.

He had a string of donkeys saddled
The donkeys represent provision and readiness. In ancient times, donkeys were valuable assets for transportation and carrying goods. The act of saddling them indicates preparation and intention. Biblically, donkeys are often associated with peace and service, contrasting with horses, which symbolize war. This imagery underscores the peaceful yet strategic nature of Ziba's approach.

and loaded with two hundred loaves of bread
Bread is a staple of life and a symbol of sustenance. The number two hundred signifies abundance and generosity, or perhaps an attempt to impress or deceive. In Hebrew culture, bread is also a symbol of hospitality and covenant. This offering of bread can be seen as an attempt to curry favor with David, reflecting the complex interplay of politics and survival.

a hundred cakes of raisins
Raisins, made from dried grapes, are a symbol of sweetness and preservation. The number one hundred suggests completeness or fullness. In the biblical context, raisins were often used in offerings and celebrations, indicating a gesture of goodwill or alliance. This gift could be seen as an attempt to sweeten the relationship between Ziba and David.

a hundred cakes of figs
Figs are another symbol of prosperity and blessing. They are often associated with peace and security in the land. The offering of figs, like the raisins, is a gesture of goodwill. In the Hebrew tradition, figs also symbolize knowledge and enlightenment, perhaps hinting at Ziba's awareness of the political situation and his attempt to navigate it wisely.

and a skin of wine
Wine is a symbol of joy, celebration, and covenant. In the Bible, wine is often associated with blessing and abundance. The skin of wine offered by Ziba could be seen as a gesture of peace and alliance. However, it also raises questions about Ziba's motives and the sincerity of his offerings. Wine, in its biblical symbolism, can also represent the potential for both blessing and stumbling, depending on its use.

Persons / Places / Events

1. David
The King of Israel, who is fleeing from his son Absalom. This event occurs during a time of great personal and political turmoil for David.

2. Ziba
The steward of Mephibosheth, the son of Jonathan and grandson of Saul. Ziba meets David with provisions, which raises questions about his loyalty and intentions.

3. Mephibosheth
Although not directly mentioned in this verse, he is a significant figure as Ziba is his steward. Mephibosheth is the son of Jonathan, David's dear friend, and has been shown kindness by David.

4. The Summit
Refers to the Mount of Olives, which David crosses as he flees Jerusalem. This location is significant in biblical history and prophecy.

5. Provisions
The donkeys, bread, raisins, figs, and wine brought by Ziba symbolize sustenance and support during David's time of need, but also introduce questions of loyalty and deception.

Teaching Points

Discernment in Times of Crisis
In moments of crisis, discernment is crucial. David's encounter with Ziba teaches us to seek God's wisdom in evaluating the intentions of others.

The Complexity of Human Motives
Ziba's actions remind us that human motives can be complex and self-serving. We must be cautious and prayerful in our judgments.

God's Provision in Difficult Times
Despite the uncertainty, God provides for David through Ziba's provisions. Trust in God's provision even when circumstances are challenging.

Loyalty and Betrayal
The account of Ziba and Mephibosheth highlights themes of loyalty and betrayal. Reflect on your own commitments and the importance of faithfulness.

The Role of Stewardship
Ziba's role as a steward prompts us to consider our own stewardship responsibilities and how we manage what is entrusted to us.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does David's response to Ziba's provisions reflect his state of mind and leadership during a crisis?

2. In what ways can we apply the principle of discernment in our own lives when faced with uncertain situations?

3. How does the account of Ziba and Mephibosheth challenge us to examine our own motives and actions towards others?

4. What can we learn from David's reliance on God during his flight from Absalom, and how can this strengthen our faith in difficult times?

5. How does the theme of stewardship in this passage relate to other biblical teachings on managing what God has entrusted to us?

Connections to Other Scriptures

2 Samuel 9
This chapter provides background on David's relationship with Mephibosheth, highlighting David's kindness and the covenant with Jonathan.

2 Samuel 19
Later events reveal the truth about Ziba's actions and Mephibosheth's loyalty, providing a fuller picture of the situation.

Psalm 3
A psalm attributed to David during his flight from Absalom, reflecting his trust in God amidst adversity.

Matthew 21
The Mount of Olives is also significant in the New Testament, particularly in the events leading up to Jesus' crucifixion.