1 Samuel 16:6

When they arrived, Samuel saw Eliab and said, "Surely here before the LORD is His anointed."

Study Bible

When they arrived
This phrase sets the scene for a significant moment in biblical history. The arrival refers to the moment when Jesse's sons were presented before Samuel. In the Hebrew context, the word for "arrived" (בּוֹא, bo) often implies a purposeful coming or entering, suggesting that this was a divinely orchestrated event. Historically, this moment is pivotal as it marks the beginning of David's journey to kingship, a key figure in the lineage of Christ.

Samuel saw Eliab
The act of seeing here is more than just physical sight; it implies perception and judgment. The Hebrew word for "saw" (רָאָה, ra'ah) can also mean to consider or to look upon with intention. Samuel, a prophet of God, was using his human judgment to assess Eliab. Eliab, being the eldest son, naturally seemed the most likely candidate for kingship, reflecting the cultural norms of primogeniture where the firstborn is often given precedence.

and said, 'Surely here before the LORD is His anointed.'
Samuel's declaration is significant. The word "surely" (אָכֵן, aken) indicates confidence and certainty, yet it also sets the stage for a divine lesson in God's criteria for leadership. The phrase "before the LORD" (לִפְנֵי יְהוָה, lifnei Yahweh) emphasizes the presence and authority of God in this decision-making process. The term "His anointed" (מְשִׁיחוֹ, meshicho) is crucial, as it is the Hebrew root for "Messiah," meaning "anointed one." This reflects the sacred act of anointing, which was a physical symbol of God's choice and empowerment for leadership. Historically, anointing with oil was a common practice for consecrating someone to a holy office, signifying the Holy Spirit's presence and blessing.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Samuel
A prophet and judge of Israel, tasked by God to anoint the next king of Israel after Saul's disobedience.

2. Eliab
The eldest son of Jesse, initially assumed by Samuel to be God's chosen one due to his appearance.

3. Jesse
The father of David and his brothers, residing in Bethlehem, from whose lineage the future king would be chosen.

4. Bethlehem
The town where Jesse and his family lived, significant as the birthplace of David and later, Jesus Christ.

5. The LORD's Anointed
Refers to the person chosen by God to be king, highlighting the divine selection process beyond human judgment.

Teaching Points

God's Perspective vs. Human Perspective
Humans often judge by outward appearances, but God looks at the heart. This teaches us to value inner character over external attributes.

The Importance of Spiritual Discernment
Samuel's initial mistake underscores the need for spiritual discernment and reliance on God's guidance in decision-making.

God's Sovereign Choice
God's choice of leaders is based on His purposes and plans, not human expectations. Trust in His sovereignty and wisdom.

Humility in Leadership
Eliab's rejection reminds us that leadership is not about status or appearance but about being aligned with God's heart and purposes.

Preparation for God's Call
David, though not initially chosen by human standards, was being prepared by God for his future role. Be faithful in the present, trusting God's timing.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does Samuel's initial reaction to Eliab reflect common human tendencies in evaluating others, and how can we apply this lesson in our daily interactions?

2. In what ways does the account of David's anointing challenge our understanding of leadership and success?

3. How can we cultivate a heart that aligns with God's criteria for leadership and service, as seen in His choice of David?

4. Reflect on a time when you judged someone based on appearances. How can this passage guide you in future interactions?

5. How does the concept of God's sovereign choice in 1 Samuel 16:6 encourage you to trust in His plans for your life, even when they differ from your expectations?

Connections to Other Scriptures

1 Samuel 9:2
Saul's selection as king was partly based on his impressive appearance, similar to Samuel's initial reaction to Eliab.

Isaiah 11:1-3
Prophecy about the Messiah coming from the line of Jesse, emphasizing spiritual qualities over physical appearance.

Acts 13:22
Paul recounts God's choice of David as a man after His own heart, contrasting human and divine criteria for leadership.

John 7:24
Jesus teaches to judge not by appearances but with righteous judgment, aligning with God's perspective in choosing David.

Psalm 147:10-11
Highlights that God does not delight in physical strength or appearance but in those who fear Him and hope in His love.