1 Chronicles 11:3

So all the elders of Israel came to the king at Hebron, where David made a covenant with them before the LORD. And they anointed him king over Israel, according to the word of the LORD through Samuel.

Study Bible

So all the elders of Israel
The term "elders" refers to the leaders or representatives of the tribes of Israel. In ancient Israel, elders were respected figures who held authority and were often involved in decision-making processes. Their coming together signifies a unified recognition of David's leadership. The Hebrew word for "elders" is "זְקֵנִים" (zeqenim), which implies wisdom and experience. This gathering underscores the importance of collective leadership and the acknowledgment of God's chosen king.

came to the king at Hebron
Hebron is a significant location in biblical history. It was not only a city of refuge but also the place where Abraham settled and where the patriarchs were buried. The choice of Hebron as the site for David's anointing is symbolic, linking David to the patriarchal promises. The act of coming to Hebron indicates a formal and solemn occasion, emphasizing the legitimacy of David's kingship.

and David made a covenant with them
A covenant in biblical terms is a solemn agreement or promise, often involving commitments from both parties. The Hebrew word for "covenant" is "בְּרִית" (berit), which denotes a binding agreement. David's covenant with the elders signifies a mutual commitment to lead and be led according to God's will. This covenant is foundational for establishing a godly kingdom, reflecting the divine order and justice.

at Hebron before the LORD
The phrase "before the LORD" indicates that this covenant was made in the presence of God, highlighting its sacred nature. It implies accountability to God and a recognition that the kingship is under divine authority. This setting reinforces the idea that David's rule is not merely political but also spiritual, aligning with God's purposes for Israel.

and they anointed David king over Israel
Anointing is a significant ritual in the Bible, symbolizing consecration and divine approval. The Hebrew word for "anoint" is "מָשַׁח" (mashach), from which the term "Messiah" is derived. This act of anointing David signifies God's choice and empowerment for leadership. It marks the transition from Saul's failed kingship to David's divinely sanctioned rule, fulfilling God's promise to establish a righteous leader.

according to the word of the LORD through Samuel
This phrase underscores the prophetic foundation of David's kingship. Samuel, as a prophet, had previously anointed David as king (1 Samuel 16:13), acting on God's command. The fulfillment of this word demonstrates God's faithfulness and the reliability of His promises. It also highlights the continuity of God's plan, as David's kingship is not an isolated event but part of a larger divine narrative.

Persons / Places / Events

1. David
The central figure in this passage, David is anointed as king over Israel. His kingship is a fulfillment of God's promise and a pivotal moment in Israel's history.

2. Elders of Israel
These are the leaders and representatives of the tribes of Israel who come to Hebron to acknowledge David as their king, signifying unity and acceptance of God's chosen leader.

3. Hebron
A significant city in Judah where David is anointed king. It serves as a place of covenant and divine appointment.

4. The LORD
The covenant and anointing are done before the LORD, emphasizing the divine approval and guidance in David's kingship.

5. Samuel
The prophet through whom God had previously communicated His choice of David as king, highlighting the fulfillment of divine prophecy.

Teaching Points

Divine Timing and Fulfillment
God's promises may take time to manifest, but they are always fulfilled according to His perfect timing. David's anointing as king was a fulfillment of God's word through Samuel, demonstrating the reliability of God's promises.

Unity in Leadership
The gathering of all the elders of Israel to anoint David signifies the importance of unity under godly leadership. In our communities and churches, unity is essential for fulfilling God's purposes.

Covenant Relationship
The covenant made before the LORD highlights the importance of entering into agreements and commitments with a sense of divine accountability. Our relationships and commitments should be made with integrity and in alignment with God's will.

Recognition of God's Chosen
The elders' recognition of David as king reflects the need to discern and support God's chosen leaders. In our lives, we should seek to recognize and support those whom God has appointed for leadership.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does the anointing of David as king in Hebron reflect the fulfillment of God's promises in your own life?

2. In what ways can you promote unity within your community or church, following the example of the elders of Israel?

3. What are some covenants or commitments you have made before the LORD, and how can you ensure they align with His will?

4. How can you discern and support the leaders God has placed in your life, similar to how the elders recognized David's kingship?

5. Reflect on a time when you had to wait for God's timing. How did that experience strengthen your faith and trust in His promises?

Connections to Other Scriptures

1 Samuel 16
This chapter details the anointing of David by Samuel, establishing the divine choice of David as king long before he assumes the throne.

2 Samuel 5
This passage parallels 1 Chronicles 11:3, providing additional context and details about David's anointing and the unification of Israel under his rule.

Psalm 89
This psalm reflects on God's covenant with David, emphasizing the enduring nature of God's promises and the establishment of David's lineage.