And if it is by grace, then it is no longer by works. Otherwise, grace would no longer be grace. Sermons I. A WARNING TO THE UNCHARITABLE. Even in the most corrupt Churches there may be true believers. This lesson is practically illustrated by Elijah's mistaken or exaggerated view of the state of Israel in his time. "Lord, they have killed thy prophets, and digged down thine altars; and I am left alone, and they seek my life. But what saith the answer of God unto him? I have reserved to myself seven thousand men, who have not bowed the knee to the image of Baal" (vers. 3, 4). How little Elijah knew of the true state of affairs! There is always a great danger, even amongst those who are most zealous for the truth, of depreciating or under-estimating the good that is in others. Want of charity to others may sometimes be found even in good men. Their very zeal leads them to depreciate others. If others do not come up to our standard of Christian doctrine, or Christian character, or Christian work, we are apt to imagine that they are not Christians at all. No doubt these other seven thousand servants of God were to blame for not having declared themselves more openly on the Lord's side. Had they taken their proper place, and done their duty, they would have encouraged Elijah's heart and sustained his hands; they would have made him feel that he was not alone in his efforts for the true and right; and they might even have prevented his flight. But there was no excuse for Elijah's wholesale condemnation of every one in Israel except himself. "Man looketh on the outward appearance, but God looketh on the heart." Especially in these latter days, when there are so many divisions amongst Christians, we need to cultivate that charity "which thinketh no evil," which "beareth all things, believeth all things, hopeth all things, endureth all things." II. A WARNING TO THE CARELESS. One of the great dangers of our time is indifference. Many who regularly attend our churches do so as a mere matter of custom or respectability. They hear the Word of God, but it has no power on their hearts, no influence upon their lives. The fate of rejected Israel is a solemn warning to the careless and indifferent (vers. 7-10). If we do not use our privileges, they will one day be taken from us. The neglect of talents or opportunities is as much a sin as the abuse of them. Men very soon become gospel-hardened. Hence the "more convenient season" to which they look forward never comes. They cease to think seriously about their souls; they cease to have any desire for salvation. The spirit of slumber comes upon them - that fatal sleep of spiritual indifference. Their eyes are darkened, and they do not see how fast they are hurrying to their own destruction. Oh, how it becomes us to urge upon men the present acceptance of the present offer of salvation, the present performance of the duties that lie at their door! - C.H.I.
And if by grace, then is it no more of works; otherwise grace is no more grace. I. MAN IS THE OBJECT OF GRACE.1. The present dispensation is only the perfection of many, and grace is the characteristic of all. But the gospel is emphatically "the gospel of the grace of God." The Father is "the God of all grace." "Ye know the grace of our Lord Jesus Christ." The Spirit is the "Spirit of grace." This grace is uniformly stated as the cause of the electing purpose — the reason of our personal justification — the germ of the renovating process — the potent motive to all piety, as it is the prolific source of all favour. 2. The atonement is the effect of Divine grace. Jehovah is not merciful because Christ has died, but Christ has died because Jehovah was merciful. 3. "The grace which bringeth salvation," is, in no sense, impaired by any arrangements which had a reference to ourselves. Antecedent questions of justice and satisfaction could not injure the display of that love which was equally in the Father and the Son; which was equally evinced in inflicting and enduring death. 4. The death of the Cross is only a means to the most benevolent end. A benefaction is not commonly reduced in its value by its cost, nor a deliverance by its peril. Is the grace of God the greater, or the less, when encountering no difficulty, or when encountering it to overcome it? Is the grace of God more brightly, or more faintly glorious, when associated with moral principles, or when disregarding them? 5. The gospel, while it upholds the claims of the Divine law, has an exclusive bearing upon us as sinners. Let the awful negotiations between the Father and the Son — who are one — be whatever they were — the sinner has no righteousness or claim. Salvation is a question not of justice but of grace. 6. No blessing of the gospel is in any legitimate sense the subject of purchase. Christians are "the purchased possession"; they are "bought with a price." But the "sure mercies" of the covenant are free gifts. God was ready to forgive, but there was an impediment. The atonement removed that impediment and "the fulness of the blessing of the gospel of Christ," now flows without check or restriction. "By the righteousness of one the free gift came upon all men." II. THE GRACE, WHICH IS SO PRE-EMINENT, CANNOT BE CONFOUNDED WITH ANY INFERIOR OR INCONGRUOUS PRINCIPLE. Let us define — 1. Grace is free favour; it can be related to no right, and contained in no law. Whenever bestowed, it depends upon the mere will of him who exercises it. If there is any necessity for it, it "is no more grace." 2. Work is individual action or conduct, and implies those particular qualities which provoke praise or condemnation. This course of accountable behaviour is properly —(1) Personal. We all feel possessed of a something which we cannot transfer. Whatever we have taken part in still attaches to us. We reap what we have sown.(2) Work must be voluntary to be accountable. If I am compelled to do what I disapprove, the hand is mine, but that hand is only a mechanical instrument of another's will.(3) Work, therefore, goes to form the general character of the moral agent. A succession of works forms, a habit, a variety of habits mould a character. Such has merit or demerit. 3. But if this be the just delineation of work, it cannot be employed indiscriminately with grace. Grace is opposed to work as it —(1) Is extrinsic of the person. It reaches us from another source. Personal qualities it may inspire — but its origin is supernal and Divine.(2) Is independent of the volition, Man had no desire to be saved in this manner; it is the "kindness of God our Saviour," "who doeth as it pleaseth Him."(3) Most jealously and tenaciously challenges that merit and honour which virtuous and sinless obedience claims, and the Divine code awards. "To him that worketh, the reward is reckoned not of grace but of debt." III. GRACE AND WORK ARE OFTEN VIOLENTLY TORTURED INTO AN UNNATURAL ALLIANCE. That system cannot reconcile itself to the idea of grace, which — 1. Proceeds upon the merits of human ronduct. Merit is a relation of justice, and not of favour. 2. Rests human acceptance on a foreknowledge of some attractive qualities of character. For whence do these originate? Foreknowledge is not potential. Who has smitten the rock, and melted it into streams of grief? Who has turned the "wilderness into the fruitful field"? 3. Reckons on the self-determining power of the human will. How is it, in conversion, that the will, which is but the bias of our tainted nature, elects the part of good, but by the grace of Him from whom all good proceeds? 4. Accounts the gospel as a provision of simple facility to man to save himself. By this view we are never to invoke Christ's righteousness and expiation, but when, after our most strenuous self-justifying efforts, we feel that a little more may be required to give our case its perfect recommendation. 5. Varies the universal freeness of the gospel by moral differences in man. Without distorting or forcing into one another the things which differ, Christianity surveys all men in their equal need of salvation, and in their ruin without it. 6. Founds our duty upon a bestowment of grace. IV. THE EFFECTS OF THESE OPPOSING PRINCIPLES. 1. How differently they explain Christianity! If work predominate over grace, the gospel is the republished law, and if the unabated law, is a message of despair; or if the extenuated law changes that glory into whatever is short-sighted and inconsistent; and in the prostration of that law, sinks the standard of our good, falls the pattern of our dignity. But let grace have the pre-eminence. What a change comes over the "great salvation"! It is pardon to the guilty, restoration to the undone. It never pauses until it has found out "our low estate," and never relaxes its effort until it has lifted us from it. 2. How oppositely they affect the mission of Christ! We honour grace in the degree to which we honour the mediation of Christ. But "if it be of works," at once the Saviour's mediation is degraded. For what did He "pour out His soul unto death"? According to this unworthy calculation — to follow in the train of the sinner who strives to save himself, ready to lend His aid, should occasion require it. 3. How inversely they influence the human mind.(1) Which of these two principles is the better fitted to inspire that humility of dependence which every relation of the creature, and much more every adjunct of the sinner, dictate? There is all the difference of claim and suppliance. "God, I thank Thee that I am not as other men are"! "God be merciful to me a sinner"! The gospel repeats "By grace ye are saved"; it adds the reason, "blot of works, lest any man should boast."(2) But the spirit of grace, in contradistinction to work, is also the spirit of obedience. (R. W. Hamilton, D.D.) Some are all their days laying the foundation, and are never able to build upon it to any comfort to themselves or usefulness to others. And the reason is because they will be mixing with the foundation stones that are only fit for the building. They will be bringing their obedience, duties, mortification of sin and the like, into the foundation. These are precious stones to build with, but unmeet to be first laid to bear upon them the whole weight of the building. The foundation is to be laid in mere grace, mercy, pardon in the blood of Christ; this the soul is to accept of and rest in merely as it is grace, without the consideration of anything in itself, but that it is sinful and obnoxious to ruin. This it finds a difficulty in, and would gladly have something of its own to mix with it; it cannot tell how to fix these foundation stones without some cement of its own endeavours and duty; and because these things will not mix, they spend fruitless efforts about it all their days. But if the foundation be of grace, it is not at all of works; otherwise grace is no more grace. If anything of our own be mixed with grace in this matter, it utterly destroys the nature of grace, which, if it be not alone, is not at all.(J. Owen, D.D.) What I.II. III. 1. By Isaiah. 2. By David. IV. IS A WARNING TO US. (J. Lyth, D.D.) II. III. 1. The elect obtained it by faith. 2. The rest failed — were blinded. (J. Lyth, D.D.) I. THE TIME. "Seek first the kingdom of God." If thou seekest it not first but at leisure, it is a thousand to one thou shalt never find it. Usually men postpone this to their age: in their youth nothing but pleasure; old heads must not be set on young shoulders; but when they lie upon their death bed then send for the minister. Is this enough? I should marvel if God should be content with the dregs of thy life when the devil hath had the flower. There is an old saying — He that neglecteth the occasion, the occasion will neglect him, as it appeareth by the example of the five foolish virgins. II. THE PLACE. He that hath lost a ring and seeks a mile from the place where he lost it is not likely to find it. Seek salvation where it is to be found: that is in Christ, in whom are all treasures. The Jews sought it in themselves and missed of it. But where is Christ to be found? In the house of God; not in an alehouse and the meetings of profane men. III. THE MANNER. 1. Seek painfully, as the woman for her groat. The mine of gold lies not in the first spade, it lies deeper, it is well if after all pains we find it at the last. 2. Continue seeking; he that continues to the end shall be saved; it is worth all our pains though all should seek a thousand years, give not over till thou hast found. Israel sought for salvation, in the obedience of the law, but found it not; what shall, then, become of the wicked who seek not at all: of those who seek only vanities. (Elnathan Parr, B.D.) 1. The Greek word used by Paul from the Septuagint signifies pricking and compunction (see margin). This meaning may well be retained, dead sleep being called compunction by a figure; the effect being put for the cause because no compunction can awake it, or the cause for the effect because compunction is the cause of dead sleep in the mind. 2. There is a double compunction: one coming from sorrow for sin (Acts 2:37), another from envy and malice, which was in the Jews, because the gospel of Christ, whom they crucified, was as a dagger at their hearts. This compunction is the cause of such a deadness of mind that, as a man in a dead sleep hears and understands nothing, so an envious mind is impatient to hear or conceive anything for its good. Excess of grief brings a failing of the mind, and envy is a gnawing of the heart against our neighbour. When Stephen preached the Jews gnashed their teeth and stopped their ears. And when Paul preaches at Antioch the Jews rail and contradict, so that a man had as good speak to a dead man as unto them. expounds it as a nailing to their passion, whereby they are unmovable in their perfidiousness. Some translate it ecstasy, for envy makes a man beside himself, capable of no good instruction. calls it transpunction, as a vessel having a hole stricken through the bottom, holds not the liquor put in it. 3. The text teaches that God in His just judgment gives over such as are enemies to the gospel to be blinded, that they cannot convert (John 9:39; 2 Corinthians 4:3). I. MANY IN WORLDLY THINGS ARE OF GREAT APPREHENSION AND JUDGMENT, AND YET AS BLIND AS BEETLES, VERY BLOCKS IN RELIGION. Eyes they have, they are no fools, yet they perceive not the things belonging to their peace. As bats and owls see best in the night, so their chiefest understanding is of worldly matters. As a mole within the ground is nimble and quick, but above the ground can make little shift, so talk or deal with these men of earthly matters, they are cunning, but speak of religion and you pose them as with a strange language. Achitophel, a great statesman, goes home in a dudgeon, and in a sullen fit hangs himself; could any idiot have done more foolishly? Pray that thy wit may be sanctified, otherwise thou mayest prove an enemy and be besotted with the worst folly. It is a fearful state to envy the gospel: such are given over to the devil to be blinded, and what will not the devil bring such unto? Needs must he go whom the devil drives: as he tumbled the swine into the sea, so will he thrust such into all iniquity. II. TO HAVE EYES AND NOT TO SEE, to know the truth and to have no power to apply it to our consciences, IS FEARFUL. It is uncomfortable to be born bodily blind, much more is spiritual blindness uncomfortable. When Christ came nigh Jerusalem He wept over it for the blindness of the Jews. When He raised Lazarus He groaned in the spirit for the hardness of their hearts. A grievous plague must blindness of mind he when Christ so wept and groaned for them which were stricken with it, when He never cried Oh! for all His own bitter passions. Repent of thy malice to the Word that thou mayest see. (Elnathan Parr, B.D.) 1. Insensible. 2. Blind. 3. Prejudiced. II. THE CAUSE. 1. Resistance of grace. 2. Retributive justice. III. THE CONSEQUENCES. 1. Misery. 2. Despair. 3. Death, unless God interpose in sovereign mercy. (J. Lyth, D,D.) II. A LITERAL FULFILMENT OF PROPHECY. Instance — 1. Their moral insensibility, blindness, and prejudice. 2. Their exposure to plunder and misfortune. 3. Their intellectual deterioration. 4. Their servility and subjection to oppression. III. A LESSON TO THE WORLD. (J. Lyth, D.D.) Let their table be made a snare. —Abuse of privileges: — David is speaking both as a prophet and as a type of the Messiah (Psalm 69:22, 23). His words are quoted and applied to Jesus (Romans 15:3; John 2:17; John 19:28, 29), and applied to Judas (Acts 1:20). Similar denunciations are to be similarly interpreted. They are not the utterances of personal or vindictive feeling, but the denunciations and predictions of God's Spirit. I. TABLE. What would otherwise have been for good. 1. Daily and common mercies. 2. Spiritual privileges. Sin brings a curse which converts food into poison (Malachi 2:2). "Their table." A believer's table is spread for him by God (Psalm 23:5); the table of the unbeliever is regarded as his own. II. SNARE. Cause of unexpected destruction. Their very mercies are an occasion of sin and misery. To faith the means of grace are salvation; to unbelief, a snare. Table a snare. When the gospel proves a savour of death unto death. The gospel table was spread first for the Jews (Matthew 22:28); the preaching of forgiveness began at Jerusalem (Luke 24:47), and being rejected proved a snare. III. TRAP — a capture. The sinner caught in Satan's trap when he rejects the Saviour. Note the gradation — a snare for the foot, a trap for the whole body. The Old Testament falsely interpreted confirms the Jews in unbelief; the New Testament disbelieved becomes the occasion of deeper sin. In opposing the gospel the Jews filled up their sins (1 Thessalonians 2:16). In this sin the wrath of God came upon them to the uttermost. Their passover-table was made their trap. Multitudes thus caught in the siege of Jerusalem perished. IV. STUMBLING-BLOCK — that which causes to fall into a snare or trap. The gospel when believed raises men to heaven; rejected it trips them into the bottomless pit. Christ a foundation to some, a stumbling-block to others (Romans 9:32, 33). (T. Robinson, D.D.) 6710 privileges Trinity Sunday the Article of Faith on the Trinity. Trinity Sunday the Doctrine of the Trinity. Spiritual Blindness. Christianity Requires the Temper of Childhood. The Hardening of Nations. Of Holy virginity Now this Election the Apostle Demonstrating to Be... History of Arian Opinions. Epistle Xliii. To Eulogius and Anastasius, Bishops. The Beatific vision. (Continued. ) The Sovereignty of God in Operation Reprobation Asserted: Or, the Doctrine of Eternal Election and Reprobation Promiscuously Handled, in Eleven Chapters. The Original and the Actual Relation of Man to Law. "Wash You, Make You Clean; Put Away the Evil of Your Doings from Before Mine Eyes; Cease to do Evil," God's Works of Providence Because of Its Bearing Upon the Gentiles. Christ a Complete Saviour: Some General Uses. The Work of the Holy Spirit Distinguished. I Fear, I Say, Greatly for Thee, Lest... Concerning the Ministry. The Angel's Message and Song |
    |